Biotechnology and Society Test Questions - 995 Verified Questions
Biotechnology and Society Test Questions
Course Introduction
Biotechnology and Society explores the intersection of scientific innovation and its impact on contemporary society, focusing on how biotechnological advancements shape health, agriculture, industry, and the environment. The course examines the ethical, legal, and social implications of biotechnology, including debates on genetic modification, cloning, stem cell research, and bioethics. Students analyze case studies, policy frameworks, and the roles of various stakeholders to develop a critical understanding of how biotechnology affects society and the responsibilities that come with scientific progress.
Recommended Textbook
Human Genetics and Society 2nd Edition by Ronnee Yashon
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Sex and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ will eventually form the fetus.
A) inner cell mass of the blastocyst
B) outer layer of cells of the blastocyst
C) internal cavity of the blastocyst
D) outer layer of chorion
E) inner layer of placenta
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following properties does a zygote possess?
A) Carries XX, XY, or YY chromosomes.
B) Cell division occurs before fertilization.
C) Carries 1 pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes.
D) Carries an X or Y chromosome and a single set of 22 autosomal chromosomes.
E) Undergoes multiple meiotic cell divisions to produce an embryo.
Answer: C
Q3) 22
A)normal number of chromosomes in humans
B)number of autosomal chromosomal pairs
C)number of chromosomes present in an individual with Kleinfelter syndrome
D)number of chromosomes present in an individual with Turner syndrome
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Assisted Reproductive Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Epididymis
A)Provides a path for sperm to travel to the urethra
B)Holds the testes away from the body
C)Organ of intercourse
D)Produces sperm
E)Stores sperm
Answer: E
Q2) Which pairing is INCORRECT?
A) epididymis - storage of sperm
B) seminiferous tubules - spermatogenesis
C) urethra - exit of sperm from body
D) vas deferens - sperm move through this
E) scrotum - secretions are part of semen
Answer: E
Q3) Freezing donor eggs is a very successful and commonly used procedure.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) sperm are stored here
Answer: C
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Changes in Chromosome Number
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sister chromatids.
Answer: D
Q2) Aneuploid
A)Zygote
B)Involves gain or loss of a chromosome
C)Sperm cell
D)Extra copies of all the chromosomes
Answer: B
Q3) A karyotype
A) will change during the course of an individual's lifetime.
B) does not provide any information on the sex of a fetus.
C) is a microscope slide containing a spread of chromosomes from a single cell.
D) shows the chromosomes from the mother separated from those from the father.
E) can be used to determine whether an individual is aneuploid or not.
Answer: E
Q4) Nondisjunction events can lead to aneuploidy.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cystic fibrosis
A)Production of thick mucus
B)Inability to form a clotting factor
C)Results in muscle wasting
D)Deformed red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced
E)Tumors can cause paralysis or blindness
F)Destruction of cells in parts of the brain
G)Lack of pigmentation
Q2) Which of the following is an example of an autosomal recessive genetic disorder?
A) hemophilia A
B) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
C) Marfan syndrome
D) brachydactyly
E) cystic fibrosis (CF)
Q3) A trait
A) is a characteristic that a parent passes onto his/her offspring.
B) cannot be passed from mother to daughter.
C) only comes in one form.
D) is only expressed when the individual is homozygous.
Page 6
E) is only expressed when the individual is heterozygous.
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Chapter 5: Gene Expression and Gene Regulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Translation is the process of A) making protein from RNA.
B) duplicating DNA
C) repairing mutations.
D) cellular division.
E) making pre-mRNA.
Q2) The process where the information from DNA gets converted to RNA is called A) translation.
B) mutation.
C) initiation.
D) transcription.
E) elongation.
Q3) Now,our hypothetical gene has undergone a mutation.The mutant sequence is TACGATACTACCAGGATT.Transcribe the mutant sequence into mRNA,and determine the amino acid sequence of the resulting polypeptide chain.Determine if the nucleotide modification produced a different amino acid sequence n the protein.What do you think the consequence of this mutation would be in terms of protein function?
Q4) contains a region called the anticodon
Q5) Explain how genes control traits.Explain how genes are involved in genetic disorders.
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Chapter 6: Changes in DNA: Mutations and Epigenetics
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Q1) What is epigenetics? Describe two epigenetic modifications.What is the effect of epigenetic modifications on the DNA sequence?
Q2) Free radicals
A) only cause frameshift mutations.
B) form due to base analogs.
C) form when atoms have unpaired electrons.
D) are not reactive.
E) are incorporated into DNA instead of normal bases.
Q3) shift in reading frame
A)genome
B)millirem
C)apoptosis
D)histones
E)free radical
F)imprinting
G)proofreading
H)mutation
I)methylation
J)frameshift
K)senescence
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Chapter 7: Biotechnology
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the United States,during the period between 1996 and 2006,the most common typess of transgenic crops
A) were tolerant of chemical weed killers.
B) were resistant to insects.
C) were resistant to bacterial infection.
D) were resistant to viral diseases.
E) had increased nutritional value.
Q2) Gene therapy
A) clinical trials have all been successful.
B) requires the use of embryonic stem cells.
C) can be accomplished using adult stem cells.
D) attempts to provide patients with normal copies of mutant genes.
E) can only to be used to treat cancer patients.
Q3) Transgenic plants have been developed with resistance to herbicides,insects,and viral,bacterial,and fungal diseases.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What advantages has biotechnology provided over previous methods to produce genetically modified crops?
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Chapter 8: Genetic Testing and Prenatal Diagnosis
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Sample Questions
Q1) A woman with PKU becomes pregnant.During her pregnancy,she should
A) eat and drink foods containing lots of phenylalanine.
B) take tyrosine supplements.
C) find out if her partner is a carrier.
D) follow a strict diet avoiding phenylalanine.
E) do nothing special.
Q2) Sickle cell
A)Sonar imaging of a fetus
B)Treatments include dialysis
C)Carriers were prevented from joining the United State Air Force
D)Analyzes DNA present in amniotic fluid
E)Procedure where a needle is inserted through the abdominal and uterine wall
F)Leads to death by age 3 or 4
G)Blastomere genetic testing
H)Can be done at 8-10 weeks of pregnancy
I)Treatment involves avoiding phenylalanine in the diet
Q3) What are the different types of prenatal tests that can be performed to diagnose genetic disorders? Give at least one advantage and disadvantage of each method.
Q4) Compare and contrast amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS).
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Chapter 9: DNA Forensics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about haplotypes is FALSE?
A) Haplotype analysis can provide information about ancestry.
B) Each person has the same mtDNA haplotype as his or her mother.
C) Y chromosomal haplotypes can be used to trace paternal lineage.
D) Haplotypes are based on differences in DNA sequence.
E) Haplotypes analysis is only useful to determine paternity.
Q2) Various recommendations have been made concerning DNA profiling of all persons who have committed a felony.Would you consider this a violation of the individual's human rights? Indicate how this type of information could be useful in locating and identifying criminals implicated in future assaults and rapes and in the associated court cases?
Q3) What was the first U.S.court case to challenge the admissibility DNA evidence?
A) Frye v. U.S.
B) People v. Castro
C) Narborough Village Murders
D) Jennifer Thompson-Canino v. Ronald Cotton
E) Margaret Sackler v. William Bern
Q4) Do you think mandatory DNA profiling should be done for all U.S.military personnel? Why or why not? Could this mandatory profiling be considered a violation of the individual's human rights? Explain your answer.
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Chapter 10: Genomics
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following describe new information learned about the human genome EXCEPT
A) the human genome has many regions of noncoding DNA.
B) only about 1.5% of the genome codes for proteins.
C) the human genome has many regions of repetitive sequences.
D) transposons make up the majority of the repetitive sequences.
E) All of these describe new information about the human genome.
Q2) The distance between two genes on a linkage map represents
A) the frequency of crossing over that occurs between the genes.
B) the percentage of the DNA sequence between the two genes that has been published.
C) the percentage of descendants that do not show both traits.
D) the exact distance between the genes.
E) the amount of recombinant DNA molecules produced in the laboratory using the two genes.
Q3) Gene therapy is currently used to treat many genetic disorders.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are some of the legal and ethical questions associated with genomics?
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Inheritance of Complex Traits
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Sample Questions
Q1) Problems with formation of the neural tube
A)multifactorial trait
B)intelligence quotient
C)concordance
D)bell curve
E)monozygotic twins
F)developmental dyslexia
G)spina bifida
H)folic acid
Q2) There are four basic types of spina bifida.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the difference between simple traits and complex traits? What are polygenic and multifactorial traits?
Q4) Traits that are controlled by two or more genes and environmental factors are
A) multifactorial.
B) polygenic.
C) multifaceted.
D) recessive.
E) dominant.
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Chapter 12: Cancer and the Cell Cycle
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some cancers appear to run in families.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following are characteristics of benign tumors EXCEPT they
A) do not increase in size.
B) do not spread.
C) can sometimes be present as cysts.
D) cause problems only when they become large enough to interfere with the normal functioning of neighboring organs.
E) are considered noncancerous.
Q3) UV radiation
A)Translocation
B)Breast cancer
C)Oncogene
D)Skin cancer
E)Tumor suppressor gene
F)Cervical cancer
G)Lung cancer
Q4) What is cancer? Why is it considered a complex disease?
Q5) Compare and contrast oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) For most traits,concordance values are higher in fraternal twins than in identical twins.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following human traits has the lowest concordance rate in identical twins?
A) eye color
B) blood type
C) diabetes
D) schizophrenia
E) alcoholism in males
Q3) All of the following are genetic changes that alter human behavior EXCEPT
A) chromosomal abnormalities.
B) single-gene defects.
C) multiple gene-gene interactions.
D) multifactorial conditions.
E) genetic changes caused by drug usage.
Q4) Changes in a single gene can affect a person's behavior.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Immunogenetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) What roles do T helper cells and B cells play in our immune response?
Q2) Immunosuppressive drugs are given to people after an organ transplant to prevent bacterial infections.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Can a woman with blood type A have a child with blood type O?
A) Yes, but only if the father has type O blood.
B) No, this is not possible genetically.
C) No, to have a child with type O blood, the mother must also have type O blood.
D) Yes, but only if the mother is IAIA and the father is IAIO.
E) Yes, but the mother must be IAIO.
Q4) Antibodies are
A) proteins secreted by activated B cells that bind antigen.
B) antigens found on certain foreign invaders.
C) proteins produced by T helper cells.
D) antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
E) part of the HLA complex.
Q5) Describe the problems that arise from (a)maternal Rh incompatibility and (b)ABO blood type incompatibility?
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Chapter 15: Genetics and Populations
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Sample Questions
Q1) All populations of a species are genetically identical.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is true about Huntington disease (HD)?
A) HD is caused by an increase in the number of copies of a repeated DNA sequence.
B) HD is caused by a decrease in the number of copies of a repeated DNA sequence.
C) HD is inherited in a recessive manner.
D) HD affects only males.
E) The HD gene does not cause disease when the number of repeats is 40 or more.
Q3) Huntington disease is an example of a genetic condition that is inherited in a dominant fashion.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The frequency of a trait may vary from population to population.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is population genetics? Why do geneticists sometimes study particular populations?
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Chapter 16: Human Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hominins first appeared in A) Africa.
B) Siberia.
C) Asia.
D) Europe.
E) Australo-Melanesia.
Q2) Analysis of SNP haplotypes in modern humans indicates that A) there has been no change in our genomes in the last 50,000 years due to natural selection.
B) there is no real pattern to the genes that have changed in the last 50,000 years. C) the changes have occurred in non-coding regions of the genome located in between genes.
D) some of the changes have occurred in genes related to the transition from hunter-gatherers to agricultural societies.
E) all of the changes have to do with greater intelligence.
Q3) What are characteristics shared by all primates?
Q4) Describe how lactose tolerance can be considered evidence of recent human evolution.
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Chapter 17: A Different World: The Past, Present, and Future
of Human Genetics
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Q1) Positive eugenics
A)Animal model for deafness
B)Breast cancer genes
C)Fitter family contests
D)Anti-cancer drug
E)Cloned dog
F)Mutant myostatin gene
G)Forced sterilization
H)Removal of breast tissue
I)Nuclear transfer
Q2) BRCAnalysis®
A)Animal model for deafness
B)Breast cancer genes
C)Fitter family contests
D)Anti-cancer drug
E)Cloned dog
F)Mutant myostatin gene
G)Forced sterilization
H)Removal of breast tissue
I)Nuclear transfer
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Chapter 18: Biology Basics 1-Cells and Cell Structure
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Q1) cytoplasm
Q2) What is the term for all of the internal structures in a cell?
A) organelles
B) mitochondria
C) nucleic acids
D) plasma membrane
E) macromolecules
Q3) The HLA markers are present in the cytoplasm of the cell.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The lysosomes
A) contain digestive enzymes.
B) are involved in energy production.
C) contain chromatin.
D) are the sites of protein synthesis.
E) are not known to be involved in any genetic disorders.
Q5) A zygote results from the fusion of a sperm and an egg.
A)True
B)False
Q6) nucleus
Page 20
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Chapter 18: Biology Basics 2-DNA and RNA
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Q1) The ____ forms when DNA is wound around a histone core.
A) nucleosome
B) centromere
C) chromatid
D) polymerase
E) double helix
Q2) In DNA replication,
A) the double helix is not unwound.
B) the enzyme RNA polymerase links nucleotides together.
C) the sugar of one nucleotide is linked to the sugar of the next.
D) new DNA molecules contain one old and one new strand.
E) only one of the two original strands will serve as a template.
Q3) All of the following describe functions of DNA polymerase EXCEPT
A) produces DNA molecules that contain one old strand and one new strand.
B) adds complementary base pairs to the growing strand.
C) links together nucleotides.
D) detects errors in the replication process and corrects the mistake.
E) produces RNA molecules.
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about estrogen-sensitive breast cancer is true?
A) Patients who have estrogen-sensitive breast cancer always metabolize the drug tamoxifen slowly.
B) Patients who have estrogen-sensitive breast cancer always metabolize the drug tamoxifen rapidly.
C) Patients who have estrogen-sensitive breast cancer have tumor cells that do not have estrogen receptors on their surface
D) Patients who have estrogen-sensitive breast cancer have tumor cells with estrogen receptors on their surface and the absence of estrogen in the body promotes the growth of the cancer.
E) Patients who have estrogen-sensitive breast cancer have tumor cells with estrogen receptors on their surface and the presence of estrogen in the body promotes the growth of the cancer.
Q2) Being a carrier of the sickle-cell allele can be beneficial for some people.
A)True
B)False
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