Biotechnology and Society Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Biotechnology and Society explores the dynamic interplay between advances in biotechnology and their impact on modern society. The course examines the scientific principles behind key biotechnological innovations such as genetic engineering, cloning, and CRISPR technology, while analyzing the ethical, social, legal, and economic implications of these developments. Students will engage in critical discussions about topics such as the use of genetically modified organisms, bioethics in medical research, intellectual property rights, and the role of biotechnology in addressing global challenges like food security and disease prevention. Through case studies and interactive activities, learners will develop a nuanced understanding of how biotechnology shapes and is shaped by societal values and policy decisions.
Recommended Textbook
Human Genetics and Society 2nd Edition by Ronnee Yashon
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995 Verified Questions
995 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Sex and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) fertilization occurring
Answer: C
Q2) When can the mother usually feel movements of the fetus' arms and legs?
A) within days after fertilization
B) during the second month
C) around the fourth month
D) not until the third trimester
E) only in the last two months of pregnancy
Answer: C
Q3) What is the sex chromosome make-up of a normal male?
A) XXY
B) XY
C) XX
D) XXX
E) XO
Answer: B
Q4) Sex selection can use sperm sorting or preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Assisted Reproductive Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spermatogenesis occurs in the A) urethra.
B) seminiferous tubules.
C) epididymis.
D) seminal vesicles.
E) prostate gland.
Answer: B
Q2) Which pairing is INCORRECT?
A) epididymis - storage of sperm
B) seminiferous tubules - spermatogenesis
C) urethra - exit of sperm from body
D) vas deferens - sperm move through this
E) scrotum - secretions are part of semen
Answer: E
Q3) Freezing donor eggs is a very successful and commonly used procedure.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) sperm exit the male body
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Changes in Chromosome Number
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sister chromatids.
Answer: D
Q2) Turner syndrome involves monosomy of the Y chromosome.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Sperm and oocytes are
A) triploid.
B) aneuploid.
C) haploid.
D) diploid.
E) polyploid.
Answer: C
Q4) Autosomal trisomies
A) usually do not cause any abnormalities.
B) cannot occur.
C) never lead to live births.
D) usually lead to miscarriages.
E) are usually due to chromosomal duplications.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: How Genes Are Transmitted From Generation to Generation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Achondroplasia is one form of dwarfism that is associated with abnormalities in growth.It is inherited as a dominant trait.Consider a couple,both of whom are dwarfs due to achondroplasia.Both are heterozygous.In fact,embryos that inherit two copies of the achondroplasia allele do not develop properly and are spontaneously aborted.With this in mind,what are the chances that they will have a child that does not suffer from achondroplasia? There have been cases where couples in these circumstances have chosen to use assisted reproductive technologies to ensure that their children also have achondroplasia.Do you feel that this is a proper use of assisted reproductive technologies? Explain your answer.
Q2) More females than males are affected.
A)autosomal recessive only
B)autosomal dominant only
C)X-linked recessive only
D)autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant only
E)None of the above.
Q3) If a male has an X-linked recessive condition such as red-green colorblindness,is it possible for him to pass this condition on to his sons? to his daughters? Explain your answers.
Q4) Why do males show a higher incidence of certain genetic disorders than females?
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Chapter 5: Gene Expression and Gene Regulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mRNA carries its message out the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
A)True
B)False
Q2) codon
Q3) Start codon
A)Binds to an amino acid
B)Consists of two subunits
C)Carries codons
D)Ends translation
E)Translation begins here
F)Forms between two amino acids
Q4) Sickle cell anemia is caused by
A) a single nucleotide mutation in DNA.
B) a mutation that introduces an early stop codon.
C) a deletion of a single amino acid from the normal protein.
D) the deletion of many DNA nucleotides.
E) the addition of a single nucleotide in the DNA.
Q5) Essential amino acids are produced by the body.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Changes in DNA: Mutations and Epigenetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Types of mutations include all of the following EXCEPT
A) single nucleotide substitutions.
B) insertions.
C) deletions.
D) trinucleotide repeats.
E) methylation of DNA.
Q2) Which of the following statements about epigenetics is TRUE?
A) Epigenetic changes occur because of DNA mutations.
B) Epigenetic changes are only due to genetic factors.
C) Epigenetic changes alter the replication of DNA.
D) Epigenetic modifications can be caused by environmental factors..
E) Epigenetic drugs are widely used to treat many genetic disorders.
Q3) Researchers have found that when radiation doses are below _____,the major risk is an increase in the risk of cancer.
A) 100,000 rem
B) 360 mrem
C) 1 rem
D) 5000 rem
E) 5000 mrem
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Biotechnology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Vectors
A)An animal or plant that carries a gene from another species
B)Important source of organs for transplants
C)An animal model for cancer
D)Proteins that cut DNA in specific places
E)Source for the production of human growth hormone
F)Beta-carotene
G)Carrier molecules used in recombinant DNA technology
H)An animal model for immune deficiency disorders
Q2) Huntington disease (HD)transgenic mice
A) carry two copies of the human allele for HD.
B) have a single copy of the mouse HD gene.
C) are used to study changes in brain structure during the early stages of the disease.
D) are not useful for identifying possible drug treatments because the mice respond to drugs differently from humans.
E) are especially important for the study of the late stages of the disease.
Q3) What are GM crops? Describe the advantages and concerns with the use of these crops.
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9
Chapter 8: Genetic Testing and Prenatal Diagnosis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding CVS?
A) It has a about the same risk of miscarriage as amniocentesis.
B) It can be performed as early as 8-10 weeks of pregnancy.
C) It offers early diagnosis of genetic diseases.
D) It involves recovering fetal cells from the mother's blood.
E) It allows the preparation of karyotypes within a few hours or a few days after harvesting the cells.
Q2) Genetic testing can be used to identify all of the following EXCEPT those individual who
A) carry a genetic disease allele.
B) are at risk of having a child with a genetic disorder.
C) may have a genetic susceptibility to drugs.
D) may have a genetic susceptibility to environmental agents.
E) will definitely develop cancer in their lifetime.
Q3) A woman with PKU becomes pregnant.During her pregnancy,she should
A) eat and drink foods containing lots of phenylalanine.
B) take tyrosine supplements.
C) find out if her partner is a carrier.
D) follow a strict diet avoiding phenylalanine.
E) do nothing special.
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Chapter 9: DNA Forensics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two common techniques used in DNA forensics are restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and the polymerase chain reaction.
A)True
B)False
Q2) DNA is unstable and breaks down after a year or so.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements about haplotypes is FALSE?
A) Haplotype analysis can provide information about ancestry.
B) Each person has the same mtDNA haplotype as his or her mother.
C) Y chromosomal haplotypes can be used to trace paternal lineage.
D) Haplotypes are based on differences in DNA sequence.
E) Haplotypes analysis is only useful to determine paternity.
Q4) DNA profiles have been developed from the remains of dead people.
A)True
B)False
Q5) DNA profiling has numerous applications.Besides its use providing evidence in criminal cases,list four other applications of this technology.
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Chapter 10: Genomics
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a genetic study,researchers find that two genes show the expected linkage in 170 subjects,while 30 subjects show traits that indicate crossing over has occurred.What is the distance between these genes?
A) 5 cM
B) 10 cM
C) 15 cM
D) 20 cM
E) 25 cM
Q2) One of the goals of the HGP is to identify all the proteins encoded by human genes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) This is a collection of DNA fragments that contains all the sequences in a genome.
A) linkage library
B) exome library
C) repetitive DNA library
D) positional library
E) genomic library
Q4) What are some of the legal and ethical questions associated with genomics?
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Chapter 11: Inheritance of Complex Traits
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Sample Questions
Q1) Traits that involve interactions between genes and environmental factors
A)multifactorial trait
B)intelligence quotient
C)concordance
D)bell curve
E)monozygotic twins
F)developmental dyslexia
G)spina bifida
H)folic acid
Q2) Height is an example of a multifactorial trait.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The numerical calculation of the same trait in both members of a pair of twins is called
A) concordance.
B) recombination.
C) monozygosity.
D) multifactorial.
E) polygenic.
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Chapter 12: Cancer and the Cell Cycle
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Sample Questions
Q1) BRCA1 and BRCA2
A)Translocation
B)Breast cancer
C)Oncogene
D)Skin cancer
E)Tumor suppressor gene
F)Cervical cancer
G)Lung cancer
Q2) Because males have much less breast tissue than females,males do not get breast cancer.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Wilms tumor
A)Translocation
B)Breast cancer
C)Oncogene
D)Skin cancer
E)Tumor suppressor gene
F)Cervical cancer
G)Lung cancer
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Chapter 13: Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lithium
A) is present in abnormally high levels in some individuals with bipolar disorder.
B) is an effective treatment for alcoholism.
C) is broken down by the monoamine oxidase type A enzyme.
D) is an effective treatment for some cases of bipolar disorder.
E) leads to damage in the brain.
Q2) Neurotransmitter
A)Gap between nerve cells
B)Brain chemical
C)Responsible for a rush of exhilaration
Q3) Of people in the U.S.who consume alcohol,what percentage are diagnosed as alcoholics?
A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 20%
E) 75%
Q4) Discuss how information about the behavioral genetics of other organisms can be used in human genetics..
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Chapter 14: Immunogenetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Organs from transgenic pigs are routinely used in transplants to humans.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Our body's first line of defense against foreign invaders is the ____,which acts as a barrier.
A) kidney
B) brain
C) skin
D) heart
E) stomach
Q3) The United Network of Organ Sharing considers many factors,including the wealth and celebrity of the patient,when considering organ recipients.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the problems that arise from (a)maternal Rh incompatibility and (b)ABO blood type incompatibility?
Q5) Discuss how vaccinations work.
Q6) Briefly explain how HIV drugs work.What is the usual approach to the use of HIV drugs for an HIV infected patient?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Genetics and Populations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dog breeds
A)Used to estimate carrier frequency
B)Lung health problems
C)Percentage of heterozygotes
D)Often provides resistance to some infectious disease
E)Triplet repeats
F)Transmitted by mosquitoes
G)Red blood cells are altered
H)Artificial selection
I)Disclosure of evidence
Q2) Malaria
A)Used to estimate carrier frequency
B)Lung health problems
C)Percentage of heterozygotes
D)Often provides resistance to some infectious disease
E)Triplet repeats
F)Transmitted by mosquitoes
G)Red blood cells are altered
H)Artificial selection
I)Disclosure of evidence
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Chapter 16: Human Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Modern humans have existed for more than 500,000 years.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In Kitzmiller vs.Dover Area School District,
A) the plaintiffs were school teachers in the district.
B) the plaintiffs were parents of school children.
C) the case questioned the constitutionality of the teaching of evolution by natural selection in public schools.
D) the judge decided that the statement in question should be read in all classes..
E) the judge decided that the statement in question should not be read in classes but did not bar the teaching of intelligent design.
Q3) The Denisovans
A) interbred with the ancestors of present-day populations in Europe.
B) interbred with the ancestors of present-day populations in Asia.
C) interbred with the ancestors of present-day populations in Melanesia.
D) shared a common ancestor with modern humans more recently than they did with Neanderthals.
E) have been characterized from complete fossil skeletons.
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Chapter 17: A Different World: The Past, Present, and Future
of Human Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fast whippet
A)Animal model for deafness
B)Breast cancer genes
C)Fitter family contests
D)Anti-cancer drug
E)Cloned dog
F)Mutant myostatin gene
G)Forced sterilization
H)Removal of breast tissue
I)Nuclear transfer
Q2) Compare and contrast positive and negative eugenics.
Q3) The term "double muscling" refers to
A) mutations in the myostatin gene that lead to increased muscle mass in cattle.
B) mutations in the CACNA1D gene involved in heart function that lead to increased muscle mass in mice.
C) mutations in the gene for growth hormone that lead to increased muscle mass in dogs.
D) mutations in a gene that lead to decreased muscle mass in cattle.
E) all of these.
Q4) Discuss how vaccinations work.
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Chapter 18: Biology Basics 1-Cells and Cell Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Golgi apparatus is responsible for energy production within the cell.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The human body consists of only a few different types of cells.
A)True
B)False
Q3) plasma membrane
Q4) All of the following are typically present in or on the surface of the plasma membrane EXCEPT
A) cholesterol.
B) lipids.
C) chromosomes.
D) channel proteins.
E) HLA markers.
Q5) Golgi apparatus
Q6) A zygote results from the fusion of a sperm and an egg.
A)True
B)False
Q7) nucleus
Q8) lysosome
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Chapter 18: Biology Basics 2-DNA and RNA
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Sample Questions
Q1) How can UV light exposure cause DNA mutations?
A) The UV light disrupts normal base pairing of the DNA at the site of the damage.
B) The UV light disrupts the DNA repair systems in the cell.
C) The UV light changes the DNA polymerase so it makes more mistakes.
D) The UV light causes breaks in the DNA strands.
E) The UV light separates the two strands of the double helix.
Q2) All of the following describe functions of DNA polymerase EXCEPT
A) produces DNA molecules that contain one old strand and one new strand.
B) adds complementary base pairs to the growing strand.
C) links together nucleotides.
D) detects errors in the replication process and corrects the mistake.
E) produces RNA molecules.
Q3) In DNA replication,
A) the double helix is not unwound.
B) the enzyme RNA polymerase links nucleotides together.
C) the sugar of one nucleotide is linked to the sugar of the next.
D) new DNA molecules contain one old and one new strand.
E) only one of the two original strands will serve as a template.
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Chapter 18: Biology Basics 3-Genes, Populations, and the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Being a carrier of the sickle-cell allele can be beneficial for some people.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What did Linda Bartoshuk and her colleagues at Yale University discover while investigating taste preferences?
A) Supertasters of PTC are more likely to enjoy the flavor of Brussel sprouts.
B) Supertasters are very likely to include grapefruit juice in their diet.
C) There are more nontasters of PTC than there are tasters.
D) There are more supertasters of PTC than tasters.
E) Supertasters of PTC have more taste buds than nontasters.
Q3) Multifactorial traits are affected by
A) only genetics.
B) only environmental factors.
C) both genetics and the environment.
D) the prenatal environment.
E) all of these.
Q4) In general,naturally occurring environmental agents do not play a role in causing cancer.
A)True
B)False
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