Biopsychology Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Biopsychology explores the intricate relationship between biological processes and behavior, focusing on how the brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics influence thoughts, emotions, and actions. The course examines neural communication, sensory systems, brain plasticity, and the physiological underpinnings of psychological phenomena such as learning, memory, motivation, emotion, and mental disorders. By integrating principles from neuroscience and psychology, students gain a comprehensive understanding of how biology shapes human behavior and cognition.
Recommended Textbook
Biopsychology 10th Edition by John P. J. Pinel
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18 Chapters
2676 Verified Questions
2676 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Biopsychology As a Neuroscience
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Biopsychology is a branch or division of A) neuropsychology.
B) psychophysiology.
C) neuroscience.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Answer: C
Q2) The major method of cognitive neuroscience is A) single cell recording.
B) the electrocardiogram.
C) the ethological approach.
D) the electrooculogram.
E) none of the above
Answer: E
Q3) Korsakoff's syndrome is often associated with a __________ deficiency.
Answer: thiamine
Q4) __________ are the biopsychologists who focus on the study of human patients with brain damage.
Answer: Neuropsychologists
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Chapter 2: Evolution, Genetics, and Experience
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The incidental nonadaptive by-products of an adaptive evolutionary change are called __________.
Answer: spandrels
Q2) Mammals evolved directly from A) reptiles.
B) fish.
C) amphibians.
D) prosimians.
E) primates.
Answer: A
Q3) Animals with dorsal nerve cords are called A) phyla.
B) chordates.
C) vertebrates.
D) mammals.
E) amphibians.
Answer: B
Q4) Social dominance plays a role in evolution because dominant animals tend to produce more __________.
Answer: offspring
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System
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154 Verified Questions
154 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The vagus nerve is
A) part of the parasympathetic nervous system.
B) the tenth cranial nerve.
C) the longest cranial nerve.
D) both sensory and motor.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Q2) Bundles of axons in the CNS are called __________.
Answer: tracts
Q3) CNS is to PNS as oligodendrocytes are to A) astrocytes.
B) oligodendroglia.
C) glial cells.
D) Schwann cells.
E) microglia.
Answer: D
Q4) The brain and spinal cord compose the __________ system.
Answer: central nervous
Q5) Sensory signals enter the spinal cord via the __________ roots.
Answer: dorsal
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Chapter 4: Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drugs that increase the activity of a particular neurotransmitter are said to be __________ of that neurotransmitter.
Q2) Neurotransmitters are often stored in
A) aluminum foil.
B) ribosomes.
C) synaptic vesicles.
D) nodes of Ranvier.
E) the synaptic cleft.
Q3) Which of the following are considered to be small-molecule neurotransmitters?
A) neuropeptide transmitters
B) monoamine neurotransmitters
C) amino acid neurotransmitters
D) both A and B
E) both B and C
Q4) There are three kinds of spatial summation and
A) one kind of temporal summation.
B) two kinds of temporal summation.
C) three kinds of temporal summation.
D) four kinds of temporal summation.
E) no such thing as temporal summation.
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Chapter 5: The Research Methods of Biopsychology
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162 Verified Questions
162 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In rats,boxing (rearing up and pushing with the forepaws)is usually a sign of
A) sexual motivation.
B) aggression.
C) predation.
D) defense against conspecific attack.
E) a lack of sexual motivation in alpha males.
Q2) The main difference between neurologists and neuropsychologists is that
A) neurologists deal with brain-damaged people.
B) neuropsychologists tend to focus on the assessment of complex behavioral problems.
C) neuropsychologists generally refer patients to neurologists, but not vice versa.
D) neurologists deal with behavior.
E) neurologists are scientists.
Q3) The typical Morris water maze
A) is circular.
B) contains a clearly visible escape platform.
C) is filled with clear water.
D) all of the above
E) both B and C
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Chapter 6: The Visual System
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A fortification illusion often begins with
A) a headache.
B) a seizure.
C) a gray area of blindness near the center of the visual field.
D) a zigzag pattern of flickering lines.
E) thick lines in the periphery that then constrict.
Q2) Nonexistent stripes of lightness and darkness that accentuate the perception of edges are often called
A) lateral inhibitions.
B) lateral plexuses.
C) ommatidia.
D) hallucinations.
E) Mach bands.
Q3) Dual-opponent color cells are rich in __________.
Q4) The blind spot is the place where axons of retinal __________ cells leave the eye.
Q5) Animals without __________ tend to be nocturnal (i.e.,active only at night).
Q6) The visual system has evolved to perceive edges.Discuss.Include the research of Hubel and Wiesel,contrast enhancement,and surface interpolation in your discussion.
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Chapter 7: Mechanisms of Perception
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151 Verified Questions
151 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For humans,sounds are those molecular vibrations between about __________ hertz.
A) 20 and 200
B) 2,000 and 20,000
C) 200 and 2,000
D) 200 and 8,000
E) 20 and 20,000
Q2) Primary __________ cortex is in the postcentral gyrus.
Q3) Smell and taste
A) are the most well understood of the exteroceptive sensory systems.
B) combine to produce the sensation of flavor.
C) have only recently evolved.
D) all of the above
E) both A and C
Q4) Most of the neurons of the anterolateral system decussate in the A) spinal cord.
B) lower brain stem.
C) midbrain.
D) corpus callosum.
E) medulla.
Page 9
Q5) The __________ cortex is considered to be the primary olfactory cortex.
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Chapter 8: The Sensorimotor System
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The somatotopic map of the primary motor cortex is called the motor __________.
Q2) In 1937,the primary motor cortex was mapped by electrically stimulating the cortex of conscious human patients who were undergoing neurosurgery.This was accomplished by
A) Hebb.
B) Pinel.
C) Jackson.
D) Penfield and Boldrey.
E) Sperry.
Q3) Which part of the body has been found to be doubly represented in each primary motor area of monkeys?
A) tongue
B) contralateral lip
C) contralateral hand
D) genitals
E) contralateral foot
Q4) Two muscles whose contraction produces the same movement of a joint are said to be __________ muscles.
Q5) The particularly large pyramidal neurons of primary motor cortex are known as __________ cells.
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Chapter 9: Development of the Nervous System
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe Williams syndrome and its genetic and neural correlates.
Q2) Neurotrophins can
A) promote neuron growth.
B) promote neuron survival.
C) function as axon guidance molecules.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Q3) Most cases of Williams syndrome are associated with A) the mutation of a gene on chromosome 7.
B) creative and accurate drawing skills.
C) an abnormal gene on chromosome 1.
D) multiple sclerosis.
E) increased levels of elastin.
Q4) In comparison to the cortices of rats that had been reared in enriched environments,the cortices of rats that had been reared by themselves in barren cages
A) were thinner.
B) had less dendritic development.
C) had fewer synapses per neuron.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
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Chapter 10: Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tardive dyskinesia is caused by
A) the chronic use of some kinds of antipsychotic drugs.
B) lead poisoning.
C) toxic psychosis.
D) mercury poisoning.
E) viral infection.
Q2) Phantom limbs are experienced by
A) patients during surgery.
B) patients during brain surgery.
C) amputees.
D) opium addicts.
E) schizophrenics during recovery.
Q3) "Stroke" commonly refers to
A) closed-head injuries of sudden onset.
B) cancerous brain tumors of sudden onset.
C) cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset.
D) brain infarcts.
E) cerebral attacks.
Q4) Discuss clinical epilepsy and the main categories of epileptic seizures.
Q5) Describe the MPTP model and its discovery.
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Chapter 11: Learning, Memory, and Amnesia
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Medial temporal lobe epileptics often have good explicit long-term memories for __________ information.
Q2) The study of which of the following amnesic patients seemed to provide particularly strong evidence of the involvement of the hippocampus in memory?
A) R.B.
B) N.A.
C) S.B.
D) J.P.
E) K.C.
Q3) Recent studies have demonstrated that infantile amnesia can occur for __________ memories without affecting __________ memories of the same information.
A) implicit; explicit
B) explicit; implicit
C) reference; working
D) working; reference
E) short-term; long-term
Q4) There is substantial evidence that the__________ plays a major role memory for spatial location.
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Chapter 12: Hunger, eating, and Health
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The pancreatic hormone that is released prior to and during a meal is __________.
Q2) According to the text,an important question about anorexia nervosa that remains to be addressed is the following:
A) Why does anorexia occur mainly in females?
B) What social pressures trigger anorexia?
C) What keeps an overpowering hunger drive from kicking in once patients with anorexia begin to starve?
D) Why do many individuals with anorexia think they are fat?
E) What social pressures prevent anorexics from eating?
Q3) Mutant ob/ob mice
A) have high leptin levels.
B) tend to be obese.
C) are heterozygous for the mutant gene.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Q4) The first phase of energy metabolism,the one that occurs before the food is absorbed,is the __________ phase.
Q5) __________ (CCK)was one of the first satiety peptides to be studied.
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Chapter 13: Hormones and Sex
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cortices of the primordial gonads may develop into A) ovaries.
B) the female sex ducts.
C) the frenulum.
D) testes.
E) the Wolffian system.
Q2) Which of the following groups of adult males has substantially higher levels of circulating testosterone than the others?
A) heterosexuals
B) gay males
C) bisexuals
D) transsexuals
E) none of the above
Q3) Which hormone is released by the testes but not by the ovaries?
A) testosterone
B) progesterone
C) estradiol
D) androstenedione
E) none of the above
Q4) The specific term for surgical removal of the testes is __________.
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Chapter 14: Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms
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187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The diurnal light-dark cycle entrains the sleep-wake cycle via the A) REM-sleep circuits.
B) cortex.
C) retinohypothalamic tracts.
D) caudal brain stem.
E) reticular formation.
Q2) Narcoleptic patients have brains with reduced levels of A) serotonin.
B) orexin.
C) dopamine.
D) cataplexins.
E) cerebrospinal fluid.
Q3) Somnambulism usually occurs during stage __________ sleep.
Q4) Sleep-deprived people sometimes experience __________,brief periods during which their eyelids droop,and they become less responsive to external stimuli,even though they remain sitting or standing.
Q5) Describe three major discoveries about circadian rhythms.Explain why these particular discoveries are so important.
Q6) When narcoleptics fall asleep,they often go directly into __________.
Q7) __________ circadian cycles are those without zeitgebers.
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Chapter 15: Drug Addiction and the Brains Reward Circuits
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Withdrawal from which of the following drugs produces the DTs?
A) morphine
B) heroin
C) cocaine
D) both A and B
E) none of the above
Q2) Studies of electrical intracranial self-stimulation encouraged the development of physical dependence theories of addiction by suggesting that
A) the rewarding effects of drugs play a major role in addiction.
B) there are particular areas of the brain that mediate the experience of pleasure.
C) drug withdrawal and drug pleasure are the same processes.
D) there are particular areas of the brain that mediate pleasure from drugs.
E) none of the above
Q3) Which of the following drugs is a local anesthetic?
A) alcohol
B) morphine
C) cocaine
D) nicotine
E) ethyl alcohol
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Lateralization, language, and the Split Brain
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169 Verified Questions
169 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Z lens was developed by A) Zaidel.
B) Zalman Amit.
C) Zurif.
D) Zimbardo.
E) Zola-Morgan.
Q2) Visual information is presented to only the left hemisphere of a human split-brain patient by getting the patient to fixate on the center of the display screen and then
A) presenting the information on the side of the screen to the patient's right.
B) flashing the information for 0.1 second on the side of the screen to the patient's right.
C) flashing the information for 0.1 second on the side of the screen to the patient's left.
D) presenting the information to only the left eye for 0.1 second.
E) either B or D
Q3) Describe the methods used to study split-brain humans.Provide evidence that each hemisphere of a split-brain patient can function independently.
Q4) __________ is a specific pathological difficulty in reading.
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Chapter 17: Biopsychology of Emotion, stress, and Health
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154 Verified Questions
154 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most commonly employed physiological measure of stress is the level of circulating
A) glucocorticoids.
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone.
C) norepinephrine.
D) epinephrine.
E) serotonin.
Q2) The amygdala is thought to activate the appropriate sympathetic responses to threat via the __________ and the appropriate behavioral responses to threat via the
A) auditory cortex; medial geniculate nucleus
B) PAG; septum
C) medial geniculate nucleus; auditory cortex
D) thalamus; cortex
E) hypothalamus; PAG
Q3) The Kluver-Bucy syndrome was first observed in monkeys following large bilateral lesions to the __________ temporal lobes.
Q4) Describe the two major pathways of the physiological stress response.Draw a schematic diagram.
Q5) Charles Whitman,the Texas tower sniper,had a tumor in his __________.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Biopsychology of Psychiatric Disorders
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138 Verified Questions
138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Common verbal tics of Tourette's disorder include A) echolalia.
B) coprolalia.
C) palilia.
D) all of the above
E) both A and C
Q2) The final phase of human clinical trials usually involves
A) placebo controls.
B) double-blind procedures.
C) yoked controls.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Q3) Fluoxetine is marketed under the name
A) Prozac.
B) Lithium.
C) Imipramine.
D) Iproniazid.
E) Paxil.
Q4) Describe four anxiety disorders and the drugs that are used in their treatment.What have these drugs suggested about the mechanisms of anxiety disorders?
Page 20
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