Biomedical Sciences
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Biomedical Sciences is an interdisciplinary field that explores the biological processes and systems fundamental to human health and disease. The course provides a comprehensive understanding of human physiology, pathology, molecular and cellular biology, genetics, microbiology, and pharmacology. Students learn foundational scientific principles and techniques used in medical research and diagnostics, as well as the application of these principles to the development of treatments and interventions for diseases. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, analytical skills, and laboratory methodologies, preparing students for careers in healthcare, research, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology, or for advanced study in medicine and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Anatomy Physiology 7th Edition by Frederic H. Martini
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Chapter 1: An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The peritoneal cavity contains the A) heart.
B) small intestine.
C) lungs.
D) diaphragm.
E) thymus.
Answer: B
Q2) Diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease would be covered in the specialty area of physiology called
A) hyperbaric physiology.
B) pathophysiology.
C) gross anatomy.
D) regional anatomy.
E) systemic anatomy.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: The Chemical Level of Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Phospholipids consist of ________ linked to a non-lipid group by a phosphate group.
A) four connected rings of carbon atoms
B) a glycerol and three fatty acids
C) a glycerol and two fatty acids
D) long chains of carbon atoms with attached hydrogen atoms that end in a carboxyl group
E) interconnected glucose molecules
Answer: C
Q2) What is/are the primary function(s)of the structure labeled #9?
A) determines an individual's inherited characteristics
B) structural role when attached to lipids
C) energy source; insulation
D) manufactures specific proteins
E) storage or transfer of energy
Answer: D
Q3) How does the RNA molecule differ from a DNA molecule?
Answer: RNA is usually single stranded and DNA is double stranded.RNA contains ribose sugars and DNA contains deoxyribose sugars.DNA contains the nitrogenous bases A,G,C,and T,while RNA contains A,G,C,and U.
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Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) During transcription,a sequence of three nitrogenous bases along the new mRNA strand represents a(n)________ that is complementary to the corresponding triplet along the gene.
A) triplet
B) tRNA
C) anticodon
D) antitriplet
E) codon
Answer: E
Q2) Anticodons are found on which molecule?
A) DNA
B) mRNA
C) ribosomal RNA
D) tRNA
E) rough ER
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Tissue Level of Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most diverse tissues of the body are
A) muscle tissues.
B) nervous tissues.
C) epithelial tissues.
D) connective tissues.
E) adipose tissues.
Q2) Which of the following cartilage types has little ground substance and has a matrix dominated by collagen fibers?
A) fibrocartilage
B) hyaline cartilage
C) elastic cartilage
D) reticular cartilage
E) transitional cartilage
Q3) Which statement is true about nervous tissue?
A) Neuroglial cells are the cells that conduct electrical impulses.
B) Neurons only communicate with other neurons.
C) Neurons are very short cells.
D) Cells of the nervous tissue repair themselves at a very fast rate.
E) Not all nervous tissue is located within the brain and spinal cord.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Thick skin can be found on the A) back.
B) palms.
C) legs.
D) arms.
E) chest.
Q2) Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight.
A) vitamin D
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin E
D) vitamin D
E) vitamin A
Q3) A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny,smooth epidermal surface is called a(n)
A) granulation tissue.
B) scab.
C) keloid.
D) callus.
E) abrasion.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed A) kyphosis.
B) lordosis.
C) scoliosis.
D) gomphosis.
E) cyanosis.
Q2) The structure that surrounds a diarthrotic joint is called a(n)
A) meniscus.
B) joint capsule.
C) synovial membrane.
D) bursa.
E) alveolus.
Q3) What is the function of the sphenoid bone?
A) It forms the anterior roof of the mouth or bony palate.
B) It forms the roof of the orbits.
C) It supports a prominent partition that forms part of the nasal septum.
D) It helps slow airflow in the nasal cavity.
E) It acts like a bridge uniting the cranial and facial bones.
Q4) Why might a person suffering from osteoporosis benefit from increased calcium ingestion?
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following muscles acts to flex the finger joints and wrist?
A) brachioradialis
B) flexor digitorum
C) flexor carpi ulnaris
D) pronator teres
E) flexor carpi radialis
Q2) Regarding lactic acid regulation,which cells in the body consume extra oxygen and produce ATP for the conversion of excess lactate absorbed from the blood back to glucose?
A) neurons
B) cardiac muscle cells
C) skeletal muscle fibers
D) liver cells
E) erythrocytes
Q3) Which of the following acts to flex the elbow?
A) brachioradialis
B) triceps brachii
C) pronator quadratus
D) palmaris longus
E) supinator
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Chapter 8: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The phrenic nerves arise from the A) cervical plexus.
B) thoracic plexus.
C) lumbar plexus.
D) sacral plexus.
E) brain.
Q2) Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite with the cell body between them are called
A) polypolar.
B) unipolar.
C) bipolar.
D) tripolar.
E) multipolar.
Q3) Structure M is part of the ________ lobe.
A) temporal
B) occipital
C) insula
D) frontal
E) parietal
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Page 10
Chapter 9: The General and Special Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Visual information received by which structure(s)controls constriction of the pupil and eye movement reflexes?
A) thalamus
B) superior colliculi
C) hypothalamus
D) pineal gland
E) inferior colliculi
Q2) Olfactory receptors are examples of
A) pain receptors.
B) thermoreceptors.
C) mechanoreceptors.
D) chemoreceptors.
E) proprioceptors.
Q3) The movement of the stapes at the oval window establishes pressure waves in the A) endolymph of the scala vestibuli.
B) ampullae.
C) perilymph of the scala tympani.
D) endolymph of the cochlear duct.
E) perilymph of the scala vestibuli.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fact that epinephrine has no apparent effect on energy consumption unless thyroid hormones are present in normal concentrations is an example of a(n)
A) antagonistic effect.
B) synergistic effect.
C) permissive effect.
D) opposing effect.
E) integrative effect.
Q2) Thyroid hormones are derived from the amino acid
A) lysine.
B) leucine.
C) glycine.
D) tyrosine.
E) thyronine.
Q3) Cyclic AMP often causes activation of A) calcium ion channels.
B) myosin kinase.
C) phosphodiesterase.
D) kinase enzymes.
E) steroids.
Q4) Explain the interactions of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Calcium ions and ________ have an effect on nearly every aspect of the clotting process.
A) vitamin K
B) vitamin A
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin E
E) thiamin
Q2) Erythropoietin is most likely released under which of the following conditions?
A) during anemia
B) when the respiratory surfaces of the lungs are optimally enhanced
C) when the carbon dioxide content of air in the lungs declines
D) during erythrocytosis
E) when blood flow to the thymus declines
Q3) Fresh whole blood is usually collected through a procedure called
A) acupuncture.
B) transfusion.
C) venipuncture.
D) arterial puncture.
E) hematocrit.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
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Sample Questions
Q1) Label K represents the A) aortic arch.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) descending aorta.
D) superior vena cava.
E) inferior vena cava.
Q2) Label B represents the A) pulmonary veins.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) pulmonary arteries.
D) superior vena cava.
E) inferior vena cava.
Q3) Relaxation of the heart chambers is called A) diastole.
B) systole.
C) depolarization.
D) hyperpolarization.
E) repolarization.
Q4) Explain the significance of the thickness of the left ventricular wall.
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Chapter 13: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Supply the name of the missing vein in this sequence: axillary vein,subclavian vein,
A) cephalic vein.
B) basilic vein.
C) hemiazygos vein.
D) esophageal vein.
E) brachiocephalic vein.
Q2) After merging with the external and internal jugular veins,the subclavian vein becomes the
A) cephalic vein.
B) vena cava.
C) axillary vein.
D) brachiocephalic vein.
E) median cubital vein.
Q3) After crossing the axilla,the axillary artery becomes the A) radial artery.
B) ulnar artery.
C) brachial artery.
D) subclavian artery.
E) digital artery.
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Chapter 14: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Besides suppressor T cells,some ________ also help suppress immune function and shorten the duration of the immune response.
A) interleukins
B) TNFs
C) phagocytic regulators
D) CSFs
E) interferons
Q2) ________ are macrophages found in and around blood channels in the liver.
A) Mast cells
B) Monocytes
C) Microglia
D) Kupffer cells
E) Neutrophils
Q3) Lymphoid nodules,such as the appendix,are composed of loose connective tissue containing densely packed
A) Peyer patches.
B) basophils.
C) spleens.
D) neutrophils.
E) lymphocytes.
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Chapter 15: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the winter,Brad sleeps in a dorm room that lacks a humidifier for the heated air.In the mornings he notices that his nose is "stuffy," similar to when he has a cold,but after showering and drinking some water,the stuffiness disappears until the next morning.What might be the cause of Brad's nasal condition?
Q2) Sympathetic activation leads to
A) relaxation in skeletal muscle of bronchioles, causing bronchodilation.
B) contraction of smooth muscles of bronchioles, causing bronchoconstriction.
C) relaxation in smooth muscles of bronchioles, causing bronchodilation.
D) relaxation of smooth muscles of bronchioles, resulting in bronchoconstriction.
E) contraction of smooth muscles of bronchioles, causing bronchodilation.
Q3) In quiet breathing,
A) inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions.
B) inspiration is passive and expiration involves muscular contractions.
C) inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.
D) inspiration and expiration are both passive processes.
E) only the diaphragm is active during inhalation.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cholecystokinin from the intestinal wall is stimulated by the presence of
A) lipids and partially digested proteins in the duodenum.
B) proteins and partially digested lipids in the duodenum.
C) lipids and partially digested carbohydrates in the duodenum.
D) proteins and partially digested carbohydrates in the duodenum.
E) carbohydrates and partially digested lipids in the duodenum.
Q2) ________ are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of irregular,one-cell-thick plates radiating outward.
A) Portal cells
B) Hepatocytes
C) Bile canaliculi
D) Bile ducts
E) Hepatic ducts
Q3) Which of the following is a gastrointestinal hormone that increases the rate of bile secretion by the liver?
A) cholecystokinin
B) gastrin
C) gastric inhibitory peptide
D) pepsin
E) secretion
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Chapter 17: Metabolism and Energetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nucleotides from RNA
A) are deaminated to form ammonia.
B) can provide sugars for glycolysis, in order to form ATP.
C) can be used to synthesize proteins.
D) cannot be used as a source of energy in place of ATP.
E) cannot be recycled.
Q2) When actively contracting,skeletal muscles catabolize glucose,but at rest they rely on which of the following?
A) proteins
B) glycogen
C) nucleic acids
D) fatty acids
E) amino acids
Q3) Which of the following is the maximum "healthy" cholesterol level in a typical 19-year-old male?
A) 230 mg/dL
B) 185 mg/dL
C) 200 mg/dL
D) 350 mg/dL
E) 250 mg/dL
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Chapter 18: The Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Label H represents which of the following structures?
A) urethra
B) ureter
C) renal pelvis
D) hilum
E) fibrous capsule
Q2) Label Y represents which of the following structures?
A) renal papilla
B) renal columns
C) renal pyramids
D) major calyx
E) minor calyx
Q3) The detrusor muscle
A) moves urine through the ureters through peristaltic contractions.
B) compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra.
C) exclusively functions as the internal urethral sphincter.
D) exclusively functions as the external urethral sphincter.
E) provides voluntary control over the discharge of urine from the bladder.
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Chapter 19: The Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The average length of the uterine (menstrual)cycle is ________ days.
A) 5
B) 14
C) 20
D) 28
E) 37
Q2) The principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum,which prepares the uterus for pregnancy,is
A) LH.
B) FSH.
C) progesterone.
D) estradiol.
E) estrogen.
Q3) The role of the pituitary hormone LH in males is to A) stimulate the interstitial cells to produce testosterone.
B) stimulate the sustentacular cells to produce inhibin.
C) initiate sperm production in the testes.
D) develop and maintain secondary sex characteristics.
E) influence sexual behaviors and sex drive.
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Chapter 20: Development and Inheritance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder?
A) Huntington's disease
B) sickle cell anemia
C) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
D) color blindness
E) deafness
Q2) Individuals with ________ have only one sex chromosome,and it is an X chromosome.
A) Trisomy 21
B) Down's syndrome
C) Turner's syndrome
D) Fragile-X syndrome
E) Klinefelter's syndrome
Q3) The human genome consists of approximately 3.2 billion base pairs.Protein-coding genes represent ________ of the total genome.
A) 25
B) 10
C) 2
D) 50
E) 99
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