Biomedical Sciences
Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Biomedical Sciences is an interdisciplinary field that explores the biological principles underlying human health and disease. This course examines the structure and function of the human body at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels, integrating knowledge from anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, genetics, and pharmacology. Students will develop a comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms, diagnostic technologies, and therapeutic interventions, preparing them for careers in medical research, clinical laboratories, and healthcare professions. The curriculum emphasizes scientific reasoning, critical thinking, and hands-on laboratory experience, fostering the skills necessary for innovation and problem-solving in biomedical science.
Recommended Textbook
Human Embryology and Developmental Biology 5th Edition by Bruce M. Carlson
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18 Chapters
301 Verified Questions
301 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1308 Page 2
Chapter 1: Getting Ready for Pregnancy
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26053
Sample Questions
Q1) What is a major function of protamines in spermatogenesis?
A)They prevent autoimmune reactions against the spermatozoa.
B)They are instrumental in the formation of the acrosome.
C)They are associated with the membrane receptors for luteinizing hormone on the primary spermatocyte.
D)They displace nuclear histones and allow compaction of the nuclear chromatin.
E)They coat the maturing spermatozoa in the epididymis.
Answer: D
Q2) The first meiotic block in the human female gamete occurs in the ____________.
A)Zygotene stage
B)Diplotene stage
C)Diakinesis stage
D)Metaphase I stage
E)Metaphase II stage
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Transport of Gametes and Fertilization
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Exposure to an increased concentration of which ion(s)stimulates the cortical reaction during fertilization?
A)Na
B)Ca
C)H
D)K
E)All of the above
Answer: B
Q2) During the fertilization process,acrosin functions
A)To assist the sperm in penetrating the zona pellucida
B)To initiate the acrosomal reaction
C)To bind the sperm to the plasma membrane of the egg
D)As a sperm attractant
E)To stabilize the plasma membrane of the sperm
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Cleavage and Implantation
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which component(s)of the cleaving embryo give(s)rise to tissues of the embryo itself?
A)Corona radiata
B)Trophoblast
C)Zona pellucida
D)Inner cell mass
E)All of the above
Answer: D
Q2) The most common site for an ectopic pregnancy is the ________________.
A)Uterus
B)Cervix
C)Abdominal cavity
D)Uterine tube
E)Ovary
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Molecular Basis for Embryonic Development
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which Hox gene is expressed in the most anterior position in the embryonic body?
A)Hoxc-12
B)Hoxd-11
C)Hoxb-5
D)Hoxa-4
E)Hoxb-9
Q2) Which growth factor must be combined with cholesterol to be active?
A)Sonic hedgehog
B)Fibroblast growth factor-2
C)Transforming growth factor-
D)Bone morphogenetic protein-7
E)None of the above
Q3) -Catenin is an integral part of which signaling/signal transduction pathway?
A)Fibroblast growth factor/receptor tyrosine kinase
B)Wnt
C)Delta-Notch
D)Transforming growth factor/serine-threonine kinase
E)None of the above
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Chapter 5: Formation of Germ Layers and Early Derivatives
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Precursor cells of which of the following embryonic tissues pass through the primitive streak?
A)Cytotrophoblast
B)Neural crest
C)Yolk sac endoderm
D)Amniotic ectoderm
E)None of the above
Q2) As embryonic mesodermal cells pass through the primitive streak,they find themselves in an extracellular environment that is rich in _____________.
A)Histones
B)Hyaluronic acid
C)Protamines
D)All of the above
E)None of the above
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Chapter 6: Establishment of the Basic Embryonic Body Plan
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sonic hedgehog,secreted by the notochord,induces the formation of the
A)Prechordal plate
B)Neural crest
C)Floor plate
D)Roof plate
E)Dorsal root ganglia
Q2) A transcription factor characterizing cells that break away from an embryonic epithelium and become migratory as mesenchymal cells is called ____________.
A)Bone morphogenetic protein-4
B)Sonic hedgehog
C)Engrailed-1
D)Slug
E)None of the above
Q3) Blood islands form from the _______________.
A)Splanchnic mesoderm of the yolk sac
B)Endocardial tube
C)Yolk sac endoderm
D)Splanchnic mesoderm of the foregut
E)Cardiogenic mesoderm
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Chapter 7: Placenta and Extraembryonic Membranes
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following associations is correct?
A)Hydatidiform mole - maternal imprinting
B)Secondary villus - blood vessels
C)Hydramnios - bilateral renal agenesis
D)Yolk sac - blood islands
E)Oligohydramnios - anencephaly
Q2) In the mature placenta,which fetal tissue directly interfaces with the maternal uterine connective tissue?
A)Cytotrophoblast
B)Syncytiotrophoblast
C)Extraembryonic mesoderm
D)Decidual cells
E)None of the above
Q3) Which malformation can lead to polyhydramnios?
A)Meckel's diverticulum
B)Esophageal atresia
C)Persistent anal membrane
D)Omphalocele
E)Aganglionic megacolon
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Chapter 8: Developmental Disorders: Causes, mechanisms, and Patterns
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What percentage of congenital malformations is due to unknown causes?
A)5%
B)10%
C)25%
D)50%
E)75%
Q2) Which of the following is responsible for the largest percentage of congenital malformations?
A)Maternal infections
B)Chemical teratogens
C)Genetically based conditions
D)Ionizing radiations
E)Unknown factors
Q3) What was the earliest recognized cause of human birth defects?
A)Excess vitamin A
B)Rubella
C)Folic acid deficiency
D)Thalidomide
E)X-radiation
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Integumentary, skeletal, and Muscular Systems
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the development of the human vertebral column,the proatlas anlage becomes incorporated into which of the following?
A)Bodies of the atlas and axis
B)Basioccipital bone and the body of the atlas
C)Basioccipital bone and the dens of the axis
D)Body of the atlas and the dens of the axis
E)Body of the axis and the dens of the atlas
Q2) Which of the following associations is correct?
A)MyoD - smooth muscle
B)Mitosis - cardiac muscle
C)Satellite cells - smooth muscle
D)MyoD - cardiac muscle
E)Splanchnic mesoderm - skeletal muscle
Q3) Which characteristic does not apply to the cellular precursors of limb muscles?
A)Located in the lateral half of the somite
B)Migration and differentiation are little influenced by axial structures
C)Express myogenic determination factors within the somite
D)Migrate into the limb bud before differentiating
E)None of the above
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Limb Development
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The apical ectodermal ridge forms at the boundary between regions expressing ________________.
A)Wnt-7a and En-1
B)Shh and Msx-1
C)Wnt-7a and Shh
D)En-1 and Msx-1
E)Wnt-7a and Msx-1
Q2) The connective tissue of the limb arises from ______________.
A)Paraxial mesoderm
B)Intermediate mesoderm
C)Somatic mesoderm
D)Lateral mesoderm
E)Neural crest
Q3) What is a principal function of the apical ectodermal ridge?
A)Stimulating outgrowth of the limb bud
B)Setting up the anteroposterior axis of the limb bud
C)Determining the organ-specific characteristics of the ectodermal appendages of the limb
D)Determining the pattern of neural ingrowth in the limb
E)Attracting the subcutaneous plexus of capillaries
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Chapter 11: Nervous System
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Complete failure of the neural tube to close in the region of the spinal cord is termed ________________.
A)Spina bifida occulta
B)Meningocele
C)Cranioschisis
D)Rachischisis
E)Hydrocephalus
Q2) The cauda equina develops during the second and third trimesters of fetal development as a consequence of _______________.
A)Slower growth of the spinal cord relative to the vertebral column
B)Resorption of the tail that develops in a fetus during the first trimester
C)Accelerated growth of the thoracic segments
D)Formation of the lower limbs
Q3) The cerebellum arises from the ________________.
A)Prosencephalon
B)Diencephalon
C)Mesencephalon
D)Metencephalon
E)Myelencephalon
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Chapter 12: Neural Crest
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A newborn exhibits multiple congenital defects including a cleft palate,deafness,ocular hypertelorism,and a white forelock but otherwise dark hair on his head.The probable diagnosis is ________________________:
A)von Recklinghausen's disease
B)Hirschsprung's disease
C)Klinefelter syndrome
D)Arnold-Chiari malformation
E)Waardenburg syndrome
Q2) The coordinated pattern of migration of neural crest cells from rhombomere 2 to the first pharyngeal arch,rhombomere 4 into the second arch,and rhombomere 6 into the third arch is correlated with precise expression patterns of which of the Hox gene families?
A)Hox-1 (Hox A)
B)Hox-2 (Hox B)
C)Hox-3 (Hox C)
D)Hox-4 (Hox D)
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14
Chapter 13: Sense Organs
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The muscles of the sphincter and dilator pupillae arise from the
A)Mesoderm
B)Neural crest
C)Neurectoderm
D)Pharyngeal arches
E)Endoderm
Q2) The development of corneal transparency by removal of water from the secondary stroma is mediated by ____________.
A)Thyroxine
B)Catecholamines
C)Fibroblast growth factor
D)Nerve growth factor
E)Crystallins
Q3) Coloboma results from _________________.
A)Nonclosure of the choroid fissure of the iris
B)Lack of induction by the lens
C)Lack of induction by the otic vesicle
D)Hypoplasia of the first pharyngeal arch
E)Incomplete migration of fourth pharyngeal pouch endoderm
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Chapter 14: Head and Neck
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following associations is correct?
A)Pharyngeal arch 1 - stapes
B)Pharyngeal arch 1 - muscles of facial expression
C)Pharyngeal arch 3 - stylopharyngeus muscle
D)Pharyngeal arch 3 - lesser horn (cornu) of the hyoid bone
E)Pharyngeal arch 2 - Meckel's cartilage
Q2) Which of the following structures would be expected to develop normally in individuals with the DiGeorge's syndrome?
A)Aortic arches
B)Parathyroid glands
C)Thymus
D)Truncus arteriosus
E)Parotid gland
Q3) Activity of which molecule steers the differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells toward the exocrine pathway?
A)Neurogenin-3
B)Pax-6
C)Pax-4
D)Notch
E)None of the above
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Chapter 15: Digestive and Respiratory Systems and Body
Cavities
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compression of a lung can occur in association with _________________.
A)Diaphragmatic hernia
B)Omphalocele
C)Volvulus
D)Tracheoesophageal fistula
E)Meckel's diverticulum
Q2) Ectopic gastric mucosa can be found in the _____________.
A)Tongue
B)Colon
C)Biliary tract
D)Meckel's diverticulum
E)All of the above
Q3) The yolk stalk (duct)is most closely associated with which artery?
A)Celiac artery
B)Umbilical artery
C)Superior mesenteric artery
D)Aorta
E)Inferior mesenteric artery
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Chapter 16: Urogenital System
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ductus deferens is derived from the ________________.
A)Urogenital sinus
B)Mesonephric duct
C)Paramesonephric duct
D)Prostatic utricle
E)Genital folds
Q2) The labia majora are the female equivalent of what in the male?
A)Glans penis
B)Scrotum
C)Wall of penile urethra
D)Wall of prostatis urethra
E)Shaft of penis
Q3) The metanephrogenic blastema is induced by the _______________.
A)Pronephric duct
B)Ureteric bud
C)Mesonephric tubules
D)Allantois
E)Mesonephric duct
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Chapter 17: Cardiovascular System
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The internal carotid artery arises from aortic arch ________.
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)6
Q2) The neural crest contributes to the structure of which of the following:
A)Truncus arteriosus
B)Ascending aorta
C)Pulmonary trunk
D)All of the above
E)None of the above
Q3) Which of the following pairings is incorrect?
A)Umbilical vein - urachus
B)Umbilical artery - lateral umbilical ligament
C)Neural crest - truncoconal ridges
D)Vitelline veins - hepatic portal vein
E)Right fourth aortic arch - proximal part of right subclavian artery
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19
Chapter 18: Fetal Period and Birth
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8 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most highly oxygenated blood in the fetus is found in the ______________.
A)Dorsal aorta
B)Umbilical arteries
C)Umbilical vein
D)Pulmonary arteries
E)Pulmonary vein
Q2) Respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants is due to ______________.
A)Insufficient development of the pulmonary vasculature
B)Premature closure of the ductus arteriosus
C)Excessive production of pulmonary surfactant
D)Insufficient development of the diaphragm
E)None of the above
Q3) Parturition most commonly occurs _______ weeks after fertilization.
A)34
B)36
C)38
D)40
E)42
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