Biomedical Sciences
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Biomedical Sciences is an interdisciplinary field that explores the biological principles underpinning human health, disease, and medicine. The course delves into the molecular, cellular, and systemic foundations of the human body, integrating topics such as physiology, biochemistry, genetics, microbiology, and pathology. Students gain a thorough understanding of how normal biological processes are altered in various disease states and are introduced to current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The curriculum emphasizes the application of scientific knowledge to medical research and healthcare, equipping students with analytical, laboratory, and critical thinking skills relevant for careers in medicine, biomedical research, and related allied health professions.
Recommended Textbook
Human Genetics 11th Edition by Ricki Lewis Dr
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anthropology
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Q1) Which of the following does not apply to theories
A) Tested explanations of facts
B) Usually concerned with broader and more universal views
C) Not absolutes and open for falsification
D) Specific statements of scientific relationships that have not been verified
E) The result of repeated testing
Answer: D
Q2) The origins of physical anthropology arose from two areas of interest among 19th century scientists. What did these areas concern?
A) the origins of modern species and human variation
B) the genetic determinants of behavior and osteology
C) nonhuman primates and origins of modern species
D) human variation and osteology
E) human evolution and nonhuman primates
Answer: A
Q3) Physical/biological anthropologists are only interested in the human fossil record. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Heredity and Evolution
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Q1) Genetic drift is the random factor in evolution.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Two people (both heterozygotes) are able to taste a chemical substance called PTC. The ability to taste PTC is caused by a dominant allele (T). The inability to taste PTC is caused by a recessive allele (t). What proportion of their offspring would be expected to be heterozygous?
A) 3/4
B) 1/2
C) All
D) 1/4
E) 2/3
Answer: B
Q3) Polygenic traits account for few, if any, of the readily observable phenotypic variation seen in humans.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: The Development of Evolutionary Theory
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Q1) ___________________wrote the highly praised Principles of Geology in which was emphasized the principle of uniformitarianism.
A) Charles Darwin
B) Charles Lyell
C) Alfred Russel Wallace
D) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
E) Thomas Malthus
Answer: B
Q2) _________ was an 18th century thinker who believed that living forms changed in response to the environment yet still rejected the idea that one species could give rise to another.
A) Alfred Russel Wallace
B) Georges-Louis Leclerk de Buffon
C) Erasmus Darwin
D) John Ray
E) Georges Cuvier
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Modern Human Variation and Adaptation
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Q1) Light-skinned people, when compared to dark skinned people
A) produce too much melanin
B) have rickets
C) lack melanin
D) have no melanocytes
E) are not found in African populations
Q2) Which of the following contributes most to skin color?
A) hemoglobin
B) melanin
C) carotene
D) vitamin D
E) short-term acclimatization
Q3) Infectious diseases have exerted enormous selective pressures on our species.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The term ethnicity was originally proposed in order to avoid the emotional baggage associated with the term race.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the historical views on human variation.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Macroevolution: Processes of Vertebrate and Mammalian Evolution
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Q1) Development of a mammalian brain requires all except
A) Longer period of growth
B) More intense period of growth
C) Slower development in utero and after birth
D) Social system that ensure ample learning
E) The lack of a "bond of milk" between mother and infant
Q2) Contrast the two schools of taxonomy: evolutionary systematics and cladistics.
Q3) What are Monotremes?
A) marsupials
B) viviparous reptiles
C) egg-laying fish
D) placental mammals
E) egg-laying mammals
Q4) What is the term for the ordering of organisms into categories, such as orders or families?
A) evolution
B) classification
C) parallelism
D) analogy
E) generalization
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Chapter 6: An Overview of the Primates
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Q1) Chimpanzees live in groups composed of
A) one adult male, several females, and their young
B) large communities of bonded males and females, plus young of all ages
C) one adult male plus one adult female and their young
D) several adult females, one adult male, and any dependent young
E) other primate species
Q2) Where are Old World monkeys found?
A) Africa and northern Europe
B) Mexico and South America
C) Sub Saharan Africa, southern Asia, and northern Japan
D) India and southern Asia only
E) North America and Mexico
Q3) Orangutans belong to which genus?
A) Pan
B) Pongo
C) Gorilla
D) Papio
E) Hylobates
Q4) Why are nonhuman primate populations endangered? Why is their extinction of grave concern?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Primate Behavior
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Q1) Female primates
A) assume most of the responsibility for infant care
B) have the same nutritional requirements as males
C) use the same strategies as males for avoiding predators
D) spend almost one-half of their lives pregnant or lactating
E) are the same size as males
Q2) Kanzi the bonobo learned to produce sharp flakes by throwing rocks to the ground.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The traditional view of nonhuman communication has been that nonhumans, including primates,
A) are perfectly capable of conveying information about the external environment or their emotional state
B) use symbolic communication
C) use language in the same manner as humans
D) can convey information about events in the past and future
E) communicate information relating to their emotional state ONLY
Q4) What altruistic behaviors have been observed in nonhuman primates?
Q5) Discuss the tenets of behavioral ecology.
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Chapter 8: Understanding the Past: Archaeological and Paleoanthropological Methods
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Q1) What is archaeology?
Q2) Absolute or chronometric dating always relies on the principle of radioactive decay.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The key artifacts in the Oldowan tool tradition are:
A) chopper tools
B) manuports
C) flake tools
D) handaxes
E) hammerstones
Q4) Why are stone tools important for reconstructing the human past?
A) They are the aspect of culture most often preserved.
B) They represent the most important part of culture.
C) They define the home range.
D) Tool use is a unique to hominins.
E) They are always manufactured.
Q5) Define the goals of archaeological research and the techniques used in archaeological research projects.
Q6) What are chronometric dating techniques? Provide an example.
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Chapter 9: Hominin Origins
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Q1) What is paleoanthropology?
A) It is defined as the study of early humans.
B) It is practiced by archaeologists ONLY.
C) It is concerned with fossilized skeletal remains ONLY.
D) It is defined as the study of fossilized non-primate mammals.
E) It is practiced by physical anthropologists ONLY.
Q2) Which of the following is not a chromometric dating method?
A) C-14
B) K-Ar
C) Fluorine dating
D) Thermoluminescence
E) stratigraphy
Q3) The term hominin refers to a distinction made at what taxonomic level?
A) Tribe
B) Genus
C) Species
D) Subfamily
E) Genera
Q4) What traits best distinguish Homo habilis from the australopiths?
Q5) Contrast obligate bipedalism with habitual bipedalism.
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Chapter 10: The First Dispersal of the Genus Homo: Homo
Erectus and Contemporaries
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Q1) When compared to large-bodied earlier Homo specimens, Homo erectus relative brain size is
A) about the same
B) much smaller
C) about twice as large
D) about 25 percent as large
E) is unimportant in discussions of hominin development
Q2) Thus far, there is agreement that all hominins found outside Africa are members of which genus?
A) Australopithecus
B) Ardipithecus
C) Paranthropus
D) Homo
E) H. erectus
Q3) Describe the attributes and important uses of the biface as part of the Acheulian tool kit.
Q4) New evidence from Zhoukoudian cave has substantiated the long held notion that Homo erectus used controlled fire.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Premodern Humans
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Q1) Recent genetic evidence confirms that some interbreeding took place between Neandertals and H. sapiens sometime between 80,000 and 50,000.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Different stone tool industries coexisted in some areas for long periods during the Middle Pleistocene.
A)True B)False
Q3) Africa sites evidence premodern H. sapien fossils that range from _________ years ago.
A) 200,000
B) 400,000
C) 100,000
D) 600,000
E) 35,000
Q4) The main effect of fluctuating climates in Africa during the Pleistocene was to change rainfall patterns.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 12: The Origin and Dispersal of Modern Humans
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Q1) According to the compete replacement model, the transition from premodern to modern Homo sapiens
A) occurred in several regions of the Old World simultaneously
B) occurred first in Europe
C) only occurred once, in Africa
D) began about 10,000 years ago in Indonesia
E) began about 100,000 years ago in Asia
Q2) The transition between premodern and anatomically modern forms of humans may have occurred as early as 500,000 years ago in Africa.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Herto remains are
A) from South Africa
B) from the Middle Awash area of Ethiopia
C) considered to be modern Neandertal
D) considered to be Ardipithecus
E) the earliest European evidence of modern humans
Q4) Why are the Upper Paleolithic cave paintings significant to the understanding of the Upper Paleolithic?
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Chapter 13: Early Holocene Hunters and Gatherers
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Q1) What are three sites that provide evidence for the earliest occupation of the New World?
Q2) The site of Star Carr, near the North Sea coast, served as a seasonal
A) gathering place for shell fish
B) hunting camp
C) building site for mounds and earthworks
D) whale hunting site
E) shell midden
Q3) Describe the environmental changes that occurred at the end of the Pleistocene.
Q4) Small groups who are highly mobile and typically move to seasonally available resources are known as:
A) collectors
B) foragers
C) hunter-gatherers
D) Mesolithic hunter-gatherers
E) seasonal extractors
Q5) Discuss the possible role of humans in the Pleistocene extinctions.
Q6) What were some of the environmental changes occurring as a result of the end of the Younger Dryas?
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Q7) What is the Paleo-Indian period? What cultural features define this time period?
Chapter 14: Food Production
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Q1) Discuss the development of domestication in the Old World. What domesticates are developed, and what seem to be the underlying motivations for the shift from a hunting and gathering lifestyle to one based on food production?
Q2) Ian Hodder's approach to the origins of agriculture in Europe proposes that it entailed
A) the development of agriculture in the nuclear zone as people become increasingly inclined to the idea of domestication.
B) an increasing emphasis on the human control and domination of nature, in response to a combination with both natural and social mechanisms.
C) settlement of marginal areas due expanding human populations, leading to domestication as people planted seed crops outside of their native range.
D) a fundamental shift in the worldview of people prior to the Neolithic revolution.
E) the need for people to produce a surplus to meet the demands of local kin leaders.
Q3) What features define a cultural theory of domestication? Provide an example to illustrate your answer.
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Chapter 15: The First Civilizations
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Q1) Which of the following explanations may account for the urbanization of the Indus Valley?
A) period of drought years
B) increased warfare
C) increased threat of flooding
D) the development of increasingly productive agricultural practices
E) unification under a single ruler
Q2) The ziggurat, is typically associated with which ancient civilization?
A) Sumerian
B) Egyptian
C) Qin dynasty
D) Indus Valley
E) Mayan
Q3) Compare and contrast New and Old World Civilizations in terms of the lifeways of the residents. What are the major similarities, and what are some of the substantial differences?
Q4) The Olmec culture represents one of the first possible civilizations in the New World.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Conclusion
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Q1) Our digestive systems are well adapted to being
A) hunter gatherers
B) pizza eaters
C) couch potatoes
D) farmers
E) scientists
Q2) Discuss the effects of the population growth from the Industrial Revolution to the present.
Q3) Early farming practices North Africa ensured that many areas remained productive for thousands of years.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The effects of increasing cultural changes and population growth are inseparably intertwined.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Humans owe their success to biocultural evolution and primate ancestry.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Define the concept, Anthropocene, and what it implies
Page 18
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