Biomedical Science
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Biomedical Science is an interdisciplinary field that applies principles of biology, chemistry, and physics to the study of the human body, health, and disease. This course covers essential topics such as human anatomy and physiology, medical microbiology, genetics, immunology, and clinical biochemistry, equipping students with the fundamental knowledge necessary to understand disease mechanisms, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic strategies. Students will also explore current developments in medical research and emerging technologies that contribute to clinical practice, preparing them for further study or careers in healthcare, research, or biotechnology industries.
Recommended Textbook
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 15th Edition by Gerard J. Tortora
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29 Chapters
2169 Verified Questions
2169 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Human Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) The pericardial cavity is located inside the
A)parietal pleura
B)visceral pleura
C)parietal periotneum
D)visceral peritoneum
E)mediastinum
Answer: E
Q2) Which organ contains the control center for the feedback system that regulates blood pressure?
A)skin
B)arteries
C)brain
D)heart
E)pituitary gland
Answer: C
Q3) Explain the relationship between the skeletal system and the urinary system?
Answer: The skeletal system supports and protects organs within the body,stores minerals.Within the bones are the cells that produce blood cells.The urinary system helps regulate the production of red blood cells and helps maintain the body's mineral balance.
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Chapter 2: The Chemical Level of Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the law of conservation of energy.
Answer: Energy cannot be created or destroyed but it may be converted from one form to another form.
Q2) A chemical reaction involves interactions between the _____ of two different atoms.
A)neutrons
B)protons
C)isotopes
D)valence electrons
E)ions
Answer: D
Q3) The primary structure of a protein consists of
A)alpha helices.
B)beta-pleated sheets.
C)three dimensional folded conformation.
D)a sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
E)the overall folded conformation of the protein's subunits.
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: The Cellular Level of Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) A cell lacking ribosomes would be unable to make what organic compound?
A)lipids
B)nucleotides
C)proteins
D)carbohydrates
E)phospholipids
Answer: C
Q2) The three main components of the lipid bilayer portion of a plasma membrane are
A)phospholipids,glycoproteins,and water.
B)proteins,cholesterol,and fatty acids.
C)cholesterol,triglycerides,and glycolipids.
D)phospholipids,cholesterol,and glycolipids.
E)phospholipids,cholesterol,and proteins.
Answer: D
Q3) Describe the difference between the cytoplasm and the cytosol.
Answer: The cytoplasm is all the cellular material (organelles and fluid)between the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane or envelope,while the cytosol is only the fluid portion of the cytoplasm.
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Chapter 4: The Tissue Level of Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) These types of cell junctions anchor adjacent cells together and resist their separation during contractile activities.
A)tight junctions and hemidesmosomes
B)gap junctions and tight junctions
C)adherens junctions and desmosomes
D)desmosomes and gap junctions
E)hemidesmosome and tight junctions
Q2) Mesenchyme will differentiate into all EXCEPT A)osteoblasts
B)Erythrocytes
C)chondroblasts
D)fibroblasts
E)keratinocytes
Q3) Anne suffers from Ehlers-Danlos,a rare inherited disorder of connective tissue,specifically affecting collagen fibers.Because many connective tissues contain collagen throughout the body,she has issues with many tissues,joints,and skin.Name 4 tissues that would be affected and where in the body would the damage be seen.
Q4) Discuss the three functional classifications of exocrine glands secretions.
Q5) Discuss the difference(s)between an endocrine and an exocrine gland.
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Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do nutrients reach the epidermis?
A)absorbing material applied to the surface layer of the skin.
B)utilizing the products of merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis.
C)the outer layer of the skin does not require nutrients because the external layer of cells is not living.
D)diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.
Q2) In the elderly,blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active.This combination of factors would most affect
A)the ability to thermoregulate
B)the ability to grow hair
C)the ability to feel sensations
D)the ability to produce vitamin D
Q3) Describe the structural characteristics of the epidermis that contribute to its ability to protect the surface of an animal.
Q4) Describe the structure and function of arrector pili.
Q5) Briefly describe the steps in epidermal wound healing.
Q6) Describe how fingerprints are formed and what they are used for.
Q7) List and briefly describe the major functions of the skin.
Q8) Briefly describe the steps in deep wound healing
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the extracellular fluid filled extensions of the lacunae called?
A)interosteonic (perforating)canals
B)osteonic (Haversian)canals
C)concentric lamellae
D)canaliculi
E)perforating (Sharpey's)fibers
Q2) Why would running and jumping have a larger effect on bone health than walking?
A)Osteoblasts are less active and osteoclast are more active when there is mechanical stress placed on bones.
B)Osteoblasts are more active and osteoclast maintain normal activity when there is mechanical stress placed on bones.
C)Mechanical stress does not have an influence on osteoblast and osteoclast activity.
D)Running and jumping will prevent demineralization over time.
Q3) Briefly describe the steps in bone resorption.
Q4) Briefly,explain how blood calcium level is regulated.
Q5) Jamie has a tumor of the parathyroid glands that causes a hypersecretion of PTH from these glands.Predict the effect this hypersecretion would have on the skeletal system and on the secretion of calcitonin from the thyroid gland.
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Chapter 7: The Skeletal System: the Axial Skeleton
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following types of bone is the occipital bone?
A)long bone
B)short bone
C)flat bone
D)irregular bone
E)sesamoid bone
Q2) Which of the following cranial bones forms the inferior lateral aspects of the cranium and part of the cranial floor?
A)frontal
B)temporal
C)parietal
D)occipital
E)ethmoid
Q3) An opening or hole in a bone through which blood vessels,nerves and ligaments pass is called a
A)fissure.
B)foramen.
C)fossa.
D)meatus.
E)sulcus.
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Chapter 8: The Skeletal System: The Appendicular
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a way that the skeletal system contributes to homeostasis?
A)provides support and protection for internal organs
B)stores and releases sodium ions
C)houses blood forming tissue
D)protects the brain and spinal cord
E)serves as attachment and leverage points for muscles
Q2) In comparison to the male pelvis,the female pelvis is NOT A)wider.
B)shallower.
C)larger in the pelvic inlet.
D)larger in the pelvic outlet.
E)larger in the acetabulum.
Q3) The lateral malleolus is found on the distal end of what bone?
A)tibia
B)fibula
C)talus
D)metatarsals
E)femur
Q4) Name the bones that are included in each lower limb.
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Chapter 9: Joints
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Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly describe the functions of synovial fluid.
Q2) List and briefly describe the three common types of arthritis.
Q3) Dense irregular connective tissue is located in 1)Syndesmosis
2)Gomphosis
3)Suture
A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)Both 1 and 2
E)1,2,and 3
Q4) List the three functional classifications of joints,and briefly describe the basis for the functional classification of joints.
Q5) Which statement describes the function of a meniscus?
A)They are located within the knee.
B)It is composed of fibrocartilage.
C)It helps absorb shock and distributes weight.
D)It reduces friction between adjacent parts of a joint.
E)It supplies nutrients and removes wastes.
Q6) Briefly describe what is happening when a person "cracks their knuckles".
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Chapter 10: Muscular Tissue
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Sample Questions
Q1) The relaxation phase of a muscle contraction is often prolonged in a fatigued muscle,raising the likelihood of fused summation of action potentials causing painful disturbances to a skeletal muscle.What disturbance is being described?
A)fasciculation
B)tremor
C)fibrillation
D)cramp
Q2) Myofibrils contain what type of proteins? Select all that apply.
A)contractile proteins.
B)regulatory proteins.
C)structural proteins.
D)tensile proteins
Q3) Writer's cramp can occur in Anatomy and Physiology lecture class.What factor would most likely contribute to the muscles not being able to relax?
A)oxygen being delivered by myoglobin and hemoglobin
B)a deficit of ATP keeping myosin from detaching
C)calcium being pumped into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
D)ACh being degraded by AChE
Q4) What is the major difference between the two types of smooth muscle tissue?
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Chapter 11: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The muscle that serves as the "prime mover" during a movement is called the A)antagonist.
B)agonist.
C)synergist.
D)asynergist.
E)fixator.
Q2) )Your friend nods back and forth to you,making the yes motion.What lever system is being represented by this 'yes' motion?
A)First-class lever
B)Second-class lever
C)Third-class lever
Q3) This muscle,which is found in the neck,functions to elevate the hyoid bone and help press the tongue against the roof of the mouth during swallowing.
A)mylohyoid
B)sternothryroid
C)sternocleidomastoid
D)digastric
E)masseter
Q4) Briefly describe four main benefits of stretching before exercising.
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Chapter 12: Nervous Tissue
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Sample Questions
Q1) What specific type of unipolar neuron detects a sharp pain?
A)tactile epithelial cells (Merkel disc)
B)corpuscle of touch (Meissner corpuscle)
C)lamellated (Pacinian)corpuscle
D)nociceptor
Q2) Excitatory postsynaptic potentials can occur if there is an influx of [dropdown 1] ions.Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials can occur if there is an influx of [dropdown 2 ] ions or an efflux of [dropdown 3] ions.
Dropdown 1,2 & 3 choices: phosphate chloride potassium sodium
Q3) List the three ways that neurotransmitters can be removed from a synapse.
Q4) Describe four ways drugs can modify the effects of neurotransmitters.
Q5) List the three major factors that contribute to the creation of the resting membrane potential in excitable cells.
Q6) Describe the events that occur with the voltage-gated sodium channel during the depolarizing phase of an action potential.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of descending motor pathway conveys nerve impulses that originate in the cerebral cortex and allows you to use your fingers for sewing and sign language?
A)vestibulospinal tract
B)corticospinal tract
C)reticulospinal tract
D)spinothalamic tract
E)gracile fasciculus
Q2) Which of the following spinal nerves does not travel through an intervertebral foramen to reach its destination?
A)cervical spinal nerve 1
B)thoracic spinal nerve 12
C)lumbar spinal nerve 2
D)sacral spinal nerve 1
E)cervical spinal nerve 7
Q3) Describe the gross external anatomy of the spinal cord.
Q4) Name and describe the locations of the four major plexuses of spinal nerves.
Q5) Describe the cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord.
Q6) Describe the basic anatomy of a spinal nerve plexus.
Q7) Discuss the clinical significance of dermatomes.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Brain and Cranial Nerves
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Sample Questions
Q1) The central sulcus of the cerebrum separates the_____,and the lateral fissure separates the _____.
A)two cerebral hemispheres;frontal lobe from parietal lobe
B)frontal lobe from the parietal lobe;temporal lobe from frontal lobe
C)frontal lobe from the temporal lobe;occipital lobe from parietal lobe
D)parietal lobe from the temporal lobe;parietal lobe from frontal lobe
E)temporal lobe from the occipital lobe;temporal lobe from parietal lobe
Q2) Which region of the brain is separated by the third ventricle and projects most sensory information to the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem?
A)Thalamus
B)Hypothalamus
C)Epithalamus
D)Pons
E)Midbrain
Q3) Describe the structural and functional relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.
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Chapter 15: The Autonomic Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cholinergic receptors include
A)nicotinic and adrenergic receptors
B)muscarinic,alpha,and beta receptors
C)adrenergic and nicotinic receptors
D)nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
E)alpha,beta,and nicotinic receptors
Q2) Which neuron is most likely to be adrenergic?
A)Sympathetic preganglionic
B)Sympathetic postganglionic
C)Parasympathetic preganglionic
D)Parasympathetic postganglionic
E)Both Sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic
Q3) Increased activity of [dropdown 1] decreases heart rate.Dilation of air passageways during exercise is a result of the [dropdown 2].Vasoconstriction of salivary gland arterioles is caused by the [dropdown 3].
Dropdown choices:
parasympathetic system
sympathetic system
both parasympathetic and sympathetic system
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) An individual with damage to their hippocampus may struggle with A)explicit memory.
B)implicit memory.
C)long term memory.
D)memory consolidation.
E)short term memory.
Q2) All of the following result from some form of malfunction by the basal nuclei EXCEPT
A)Huntington's disease.
B)Parkinson's disease.
C)Tourette's syndrome.
D)Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
E)Synesthesia.
Q3) ______ convey impulses from lamellated corpuscles and synapse with another neuron in the posterior gray horn of the spinal cord.
A)First order neurons
B)Second order neurons
C)Third order neurons
D)Efferent neurons
E)Motor neurons
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Chapter 17: The Special Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Light enters the retina through the layers of neural retina in this order ______;however information is processed through this order _______ in the retina
1)Photoreceptor cell layer
2)Bipolar cell layer
3)Inner synaptic layer
4)Outer synaptic layer
5)Ganglion cell layer
A)1,4,2,3,5 / 5,3,2,4,1
B)5,3,2,4,1 / 1,4,2,3,5
C)4,1,3,2,5 / 5,2,3,1,4
D)5,2,1,3,4 / 4,3,1,2,5
E)3,4,5,2,1 / 1,2,5,4,3
Q2) Why is the optic disc known as the blind spot?
A)Rods and cones are inactive in that area.
B)There is no retinal layer so there are no cones and rods.
C)The macula degenerated over the optic disc
D)The neural circuits lack amacrine and horizontal cells.
E)layer of bipolar and ganglion cells do not cover the cones in this area.
Q3) Explain the process by which smell sensations are sensed and perceived.
Q4) Explain what happens when rods are exposed to light.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an eicosanoid?
1)Prostaglandin
2)Leukotriene
3)Glycoprotein
A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)Both 1and 2
E)All of these choices
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a function of a hormone?
A)Regulates chemical composition and volume of the internal environment
B)Regulates metabolism
C)Regulates glandular secretions
D)Produces electrolytes
E)Controls growth and development
Q3) In addition to increasing growth of bones and soft tissues,somatotropin
A)enhances lipolysis
B)decreases glucose uptake by cells
C)stimulates liver cells to release glucose
D)increases cellular uptake of glucose
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Chapter 19: The Cardiovascular System: the Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Erythropoiesis may be stimulated by
A)pulmonary disease that decreases available oxygen
B)excessive bleeding
C)traveling to high altitudes
D)diving in deep water
Q2) Which of the following precursor cells gives rise to granular leukocytes?
A)Proerythroblast
B)Megakaryoblast
C)Lymphoblast
D)Myeloblast
E)None of the selections are correct.
Q3) Kwashiorkor,a protein deficiency disease typically seen in young children living in developing tropical nations,will have an effect on three different main areas of health related to the blood.Explain why the three areas are effected and which proteins are involved in these functions.
Q4) List and briefly describe the three mechanisms used to reduce blood loss from a damaged blood vessel.
Q5) Why does damaged endothelium present an increased risk of blood clotting?
Q6) List and briefly describe the major functions of blood.
Page 21
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Chapter 20: The Cardiovascular System: the Heart
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Sample Questions
Q1) The coronary sulcus marks the external boundary between the [dropdown 1] and the [dropdown 2].
Dropdown 1 Choices: auricles
coronary arteries
coronary sinus
superior atria
Dropdown 2 Choices: apex auricles
base inferior ventricles
Q2) An increase in the carbon dioxide levels in the blood leads to a change in the chemical composition of the blood.This input would be received by which part of the brain that regulates heart rate?
A)Midbrain
B)Cerebrum
C)Medulla oblongata
D)Cerebellum
E)Thalamus
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Chapter 21: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the route of an RBC traveling from the heart to the left elbow and back to the heart.
Q2) The circulatory system aids in the homeostasis of the skeletal system by
A)delivering calcium
B)delivering phosphate
C)transporting hormones for bone metabolism
D)transporting hormones for production of red blood cells
E)all of the above
Q3) The branches from the ascending aorta that supply blood to the cardiac muscle are the
A)circumflex arteries
B)coronary arteries
C)anterior descending arteries
D)interventricular arteries
E)pulmonary arteries
Q4) Compare and contrast the processes of diffusion,transcytosis and bulk flow in the process of capillary exchange.
Q5) What is a portal vein? Describe the hepatic portal circulation.
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Q6) Identify and discuss the factors that contribute to systemic vascular resistance.
Chapter 22: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following induces the production of a specific antibody?
A)Phagocytosis
B)Antigen
C)Antibody
D)Defensin
E)Immunoglobulin
Q2) Which of the following is a small hormone that can stimulate or inhibit many normal cell functions?
A)Immunoglobulin
B)Kinin
C)Cytokine
D)MHC
E)Hapten
Q3) The left subclavian vein receives lymph from the
A)Left axillary vein
B)Lumbar trunk
C)Jugular trunk
D)Thoracic duct
E)Right lymphatic duct
Q4) Describe the ways to acquire adaptive immunity.
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Chapter 23: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the below tissues maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system?
A)stratified squamous epithelium with keratin
B)ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
C)hyaline cartilage
D)mucus membrane
E)bone
Q2) Describe and explain the effects of smoking on the functioning of the respiratory system.
Q3) Which of the following indicates the direction of diffusion of gases at the alveoli of the lungs?
A)Oxygen into blood,Carbon dioxide into blood
B)Oxygen out of blood,Carbon dioxide into blood
C)Oxygen into blood,Carbon dioxide out of blood
D)Oxygen out of blood,Carbon dioxide out of blood
Q4) In chronic emphysema,some alveoli merge together and some are replaced with fibrous connective tissue.In addition,the bronchioles are often inflamed,and expiratory volume is reduced.Using proper respiratory system terminology,explain at least four reasons why affected individuals will have problems with ventilation and external respiration.
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Chapter 24: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the mouth,the tooth sockets are lined with A)Gingivae
B)Cementum
C)Periodontal ligament
D)Pulp
E)Root
Q2) Which enzymes are secreted in the small intestine?
A)carboxypeptidase
B)pepsin
C)sucrase
D)maltase
E)aminopeptidase
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a change in the digestive system associated with aging?
A)Decreased secretory mechanisms
B)Decreased motility of the digestive organs
C)Loss of strength and tone of the muscular tissue
D)Changes in neurosensory feedback regarding enzyme and hormone release
E)All of these are age related changes in the digestive system.
Q4) Describe the structures and functions of the enteric nervous system.
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Chapter 25: Metabolism and Nutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which nutrient is required by the thyroid gland to synthesize thyroid hormones?
A)Calcium
B)Magnesium
C)Iodide
D)Manganese
E)Sodium
Q2) Which of the following would be an end product at the "metabolic crossroads"?
A)Glucose 6-phosphate
B)Pyruvic acid
C)Acetyl coenzyme a
D)Glycogen
E)All of these are molecules at the "metabolic crossroads"
Q3) Which vitamin deficiency can result in hemolytic anemia?
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E
Q4) How does the hypothalamus regulate food intake?
Q5) Identify the different types of lipoproteins and describe the function of each.
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Chapter 26: The Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) This lies in the anterior corner of the trigone of the bladder.
A)Urethral sphincter
B)Adventitia bundle
C)Ureter
D)Internal urethral orifice
E)Muscularis bundle
Q2) Increased secretion of aldosterone would result in a(n)[dropdown 1] of blood [dropdown 2]?
Dropdown 1 choices: decrease increase
Dropdown 2 choices:
calcium levels
pH potassium sodium volume
Q3) Describe in detail how the renin angiotensin negative feedback loop helps regulate blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate in response to dehydration.
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Page 28
Chapter 27: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Homeostasis
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Q1) Weakness,irritability,tetany,delirium,convulsions and several other signs and symptoms from hypomagnesemia may be associated with an individual who is
A)alcoholic
B)malnourished
C)diabetic
D)constipated
E)a smoker
Q2) Normal blood Na<sup>+</sup> levels are 136-148 mEq/L.An elderly patient has a blood Na<sup>+</sup> of 105 mEq/L.Describe the patient's condition and the signs and symptoms that usually accompany that condition.Be sure to include the functions of Na<sup>+</sup> in the body in your answer.
Q3) Describe the fluid and electrolyte disorders to which the elderly are particularly susceptible.
Q4) In extracellular fluid the most abundant cation is
A)Na<sup>+</sup>
B)Cl<sup>-</sup>
C)K<sup>+</sup>
D)HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>
E)HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>
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Chapter 28: The Reproductive Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) During which phase of the human sexual response would an individual who suffers from high blood pressure be at greatest risk of experiencing a heart attack or a stroke? Why is this the case?
Q2) Which of the following structures are located inferior to the prostate on either side of the membranous urethra within the deep muscles of the perineum?
A)bulbourethral gland
B)Seminal vesicles
C)Ejaculatory ducts
D)Ampullas
E)Ductus deferens
Q3) Which hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum after ovulation?
A)Progesterone
B)Relaxin
C)LH
D)FSH
E)HGH
Q4) Trace the path of a sperm cell from the site of its maturation to the site where it leaves the male body.Include descriptions of fluids added along that path.
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Chapter 29: Development and Inheritance
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83 Verified Questions
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Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/67083
Sample Questions
Q1) CVS is taking cells from where?
A)Amnion
B)Chorion
C)Placenta
D)Umbilical cord
E)Uterus
Q2) Which is the effector when oxytocin stimulates milk ejection?
A)glandular cells
B)plasma cells
C)neurosecretory cells
D)myoepithelial cells
E)all of these work together
Q3) During pregnancy,a malfunction during which weeks might lead to a breech presentation at birth?
A)21-25 weeks
B)26-29 weeks
C)30-34 weeks
D)35-38 weeks
E)9-12 weeks
Q4) Describe the hormonal events surrounding parturition.
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