Biomedical Science
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Biomedical Science explores the biological and physiological principles underlying human health and disease, integrating knowledge from fields such as biology, chemistry, and medicine. This course examines the cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms that contribute to normal body function and the development of illnesses, covering topics like human anatomy, pathology, microbiology, immunology, and clinical diagnostics. Students gain both theoretical understanding and laboratory skills essential for conducting research, diagnosing diseases, and contributing to advancements in healthcare and medical technology.
Recommended Textbook
Human Biology 12th Edition by Sylvia Mader
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25 Chapters
1495 Verified Questions
1495 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Exploring Life and Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) The face of a sunflower turns to follow the sun as it moves across the sky.This is an example of
A) metabolism.
B) homeostasis.
C) response to stimuli.
D) development.
E) reproduction.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is not a basic theory of biology?
A) Theory of ecosystems
B) Cell theory
C) Gene theory
D) Theory of evolution
E) Theory of gravity
Answer: E
Q3) A probability value of less than 5% in a scientific study is acceptable.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) How are fats,phospholipids,and steroids alike?
A) They are all solid at room temperature.
B) They each contain a polar phosphate group.
C) They each contain only 1 fatty acid.
D) They do not dissolve in water.
E) They all contain at least one carbon ring.
Answer: D
Q2) Hydrogen bonds
A) result from the loss of neutrons by an atom.
B) result in the formation of salts.
C) involve the loss and gain of electrons.
D) involve the sharing of electrons.
E) are relatively weak and can be broken rather easily.
Answer: E
Q3) A fatty acid that contains only single bonds between the carbon atoms is considered
A) saturated.
B) unsaturated.
C) trans unsaturated.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) The assisted transport of a molecule across the cell membrane without an expenditure of energy is known as what?
A) diffusion
B) facilitated transport
C) active transport
D) osmosis
E) crenation
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is not a function of the cytoskeleton?
A) maintain a cell's shape
B) process proteins
C) anchor organelles
D) move organelles
E) move the entire cell
Answer: B
Q3) Archaea are considered the evolutionary precursors to eukaryotic cells.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Organization and Regulation of Body Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jacob looked up and saw the car.This information was relayed to him via what type of tissue?
A) Epithelial
B) Connective
C) Muscular
D) Nervous
E) Vascular
Q2) What characteristic can be used to differentiate bone and cartilage?
A) whether the matrix is solid or liquid
B) the presence or absence of cells
C) the flexibility of the matrix
D) the presence of fibers in the matrix
E) whether it is fibrous or specialized connective tissue
Q3) Carla is having problems with infections.Which body system is failing?
A) immune system
B) integumentary system
C) cardiovascular system
D) urinary system
E) musculoskeletal system
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood
Vessels
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tissue fluid contains lower amounts of protein than does plasma.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In a city analogy,what is the cardiovascular system similar to?
A) roads
B) government building
C) grocery stores
D) waste recycling plant
E) power plant
Q3) Blood pressure ______ with distance from the left ventricle while the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels __________.
A) decreases, increases
B) increases, decreases
C) stays the same, decreases
D) stays the same, increases
E) decreases, stays the same
Q4) The walls of veins are thinner,so they cannot expand as greatly as arteries can.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Cardiovascular System: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most abundant component of plasma is water.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The production of leukocytes is regulated by
A) rennin.
B) erythropoietin.
C) colony-stimulating factor.
D) folic acid.
E) prolactin.
Q3) Which of the following are agranular leukocytes?
A) neutrophils and basophils
B) lymphocytes and monocytes
C) eosinophils and monocytes
D) monocytes and neutrophils
E) neutrophils and lymphocytes
Q4) 44.Ray is considered a universal donor.His blood type is A)O.
B)A.
C)B.
D)AB.
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Chapter 7: Lymphatic System and Immunity
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Sample Questions
Q1) The acquired defense system only recognizes and destroys cells with antigens that come from outside the body.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What exist in some bacteria to prevent them from being destroyed by phagocytic white blood cells?
A) pili
B) fimbrae
C) flagella
D) plasmids
E) capsules
Q3) Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease?
A) hay fever
B) rheumatic fever
C) rheumatoid arthritis
D) systemic lupus erythematosus
E) myasthenia gravis
Q4) All bacteria are pathogens.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Digestive System and Nutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chad was concerned about eating foods with a high glycemic index because these foods
A) can cause LDL levels to increase.
B) can cause HDL levels to decrease.
C) can cause fatty acids to build up.
D) can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose.
E) can cause a sudden drop in blood glucose levels.
Q2) Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins at acidic pH.Therefore,it must act in the A) stomach.
B) small intestine.
C) mouth.
D) large intestine.
E) esophagus.
Q3) The glottis closes off the larynx so the bolus of food enters the esophagus and not the trachea.
A)True
B)False
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10
Chapter 9: Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hoarseness without an upper respiratory infection could be a warning sign of cancer.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Sound is produced when air rushes into the lungs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is not a part of inspiration?
A) The pressure in the lungs increases.
B) The rib cage moves up and out.
C) The intercostal muscles pull the ribs outward.
D) The diaphragm contracts and moves down.
E) Air rushes into the lungs.
Q4) The difference between a restrictive pulmonary disorder and an obstructive pulmonary disorder is that the in restrictive disorder the lungs have lost their elasticity and in an obstructive disorder air does not flow freely in the airways.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Can you hold your breath until you die?
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Chapter 10: Urinary System and Excretion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The reabsorption of water in the kidneys always precedes the reabsorption of salt.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What effect does ANH have on renin?
A) it inhibits its secretion
B) it inhibits its production
C) it promotes its secretion
D) it promotes its production
Q3) The inner medulla of the kidney is ____________ to the loop of Henle and therefore water leaves the loop at the descending limb and collecting duct.
A) isotonic
B) hypertonic
C) hypotonic
Q4) Which of the following does not filter out of the blood in the glomerulus?
A) plasma proteins
B) water
C) nitrogenous wastes
D) salts
E) nutrients
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Chapter 11: Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not associated with a synovial joint?
A) bursae
B) menisci
C) ligaments
D) fibrocartilage
E) fibrous capsule
Q2) Emma developed a rotator cuff injury.What part of her body is injured?
A) neck
B) upper back
C) shoulder
D) lower back
E) lower arm
Q3) There are phalanges in both the lower limb and upper limb.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What term is associated with spongy bone but not with compact bone?
A) canaliculi
B) osteocytes
C) trabeculae
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Chapter 12: Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the name of the muscle that is responsible for blinking and winking?
A) latissimus dorsi
B) trapezius
C) pectoralis major
D) orbicularis oculi
E) extensor digitorum
Q2) One sarcomere
A) extends from Z line to Z line.
B) is composed of many myofibrils.
C) contains only actin fibers.
D) is composed of many muscle fibers.
E) surrounds each muscle in the body.
Q3) Which of the following does not occur when you are very,very cold?
A) More blood flows to the surface of the body.
B) Smooth muscle contracts inside the blood vessels supplying the skin.
C) The arrector pili muscles contract.
D) Shivering occurs.
E) You get goose bumps.
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14
Chapter 13: Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about cranial nerves is not true?
A) Humans have 31 pairs of cranial nerves.
B) The cranial nerves are referred to by roman numerals.
C) Some cranial nerves are only sensory nerves, while some are only motor fibers. Others are mixed.
D) Cranial nerves are largely associated with the head, neck, and face.
E) The vagus nerve is a cranial nerve.
Q2) Which two drugs are in the same category?
A) nicotine and alcohol
B) nicotine and heroin
C) alcohol and heroin
D) cocaine and marijuana
E) marijuana and heroin
Q3) The division between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system is based on the anatomical differences between cells in the two locations.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nociceptors are sensitive to mechanical,thermal,or electrical stimuli,or toxic substances.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is involved in rotational equilibrium?
A) otoliths
B) saccule
C) utricle
D) ampulla
E) kinocilium
Q3) If the nerves between the eyes and the ears were switched,stimulation of the mechanoreceptors in the ear would result in
A) hearing sounds.
B) seeing lights.
C) both hearing sounds and seeing lights.
Q4) Which of the following structures of the eye does not touch the lens?
A) cornea
B) suspensory ligaments
C) aqueous humor
D) vitreous humor
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following hormones is mis-paired with its target organ?
A) TSH--thyroid
B) FSH--gonads
C) ACTH--adrenal cortex
D) LH--kidney
E) Gonadotropic hormones--testes and ovaries
Q2) Which of the following hormones is mismatched with its producing gland?
A) ovaries--follicle-stimulating hormone
B) ovaries--estrogen
C) thymus gland--thymosins
D) pineal gland--melatonin
E) testes--androgens
Q3) Where are the adrenal glands located?
A) in the brain
B) in the neck
C) on top of the kidneys
D) near the ovaries/testes
E) near the small intestine
Q4) Is it possible that a type 1 diabetic could be hypoglycemic?
Q5) Are there any systems that the nervous and endocrine systems do not control?
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Chapter 16: Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following contributes to the semen?
A) bulbourethral gland
B) epididymides
C) urethra
D) penis
Q2) Which of the following is not involved in achieving and maintaining an erection?
A) nitrous oxide
B) cGMP
C) smooth muscle
D) blood
E) urethra
Q3) When does the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle (nonpregnant)occur?
A) days 1-5
B) days 1-13
C) days 6-13
D) day 14
E) days 15-28
Q4) If the secondary oocyte is not fertilized,it never finishes meiosis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Development and Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) At the end of the embryonic period,the embryo is about 12 inches long.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When the uterus begins to contract,it is almost time for the baby to be born.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Few neural cells in the cerebral cortex are lost during the normal aging process.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is not derived from the endoderm?
A) epithelial lining of digestive tract
B) epithelial lining of respiratory tract
C) glands of the digestive tract
D) lining of the urinary bladder
E) urinary system
Q5) Which hypothesis of aging involves mitochondria?
A) genetic in origin
B) whole-body process
C) extrinsic factors
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Chapter 18: Patterns of Chromosome Inheritance
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the secondary oocyte is not fertilized,it does not complete meiosis II.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Jessica and Nathan just found out they are pregnant.The doctor estimates it has been 6 weeks since her last menstruation.Can they have an amniocentesis done now?
Q3) In what stage of meiosis does synapsis occur?
A) prophase I
B) prophase II
C) metaphase I
D) metaphase II
E) anaphase I
Q4) What happens at the G<sub>2</sub> checkpoint?
A) The cell makes a commitment to divide.
B) The cell receives external signals to divide.
C) The cell checks that the DNA has replicated.
D) The cell makes sure the chromosomes are lined up correctly.
E) The cell enters G<sub>0</sub>.
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20
Chapter 19: Cancer
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells that distinguishes it from normal cells?
A) Cancer cells lack differentiation.
B) Cancer cells have abnormal nuclei.
C) Cancer cells utilize mitosis to divide.
D) Cancer cells have an unlimited potential to replicate.
E) Cancer cells form tumors.
Q2) Which type of test is particularly useful in analyzing tumors in tissues surrounded by bone?
A) X-ray
B) CAT scan
C) MRI
D) PSA
E) Pap test
Q3) Which accounts for more cancer deaths in males: bladder,pancreas,esophagus,or prostate?
A) bladder
B) pancreas
C) esophagus
D) prostate
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Chapter 20: Patterns of Genetic Inheritance
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the mother's genotype is aa,all of her eggs will be identical for this trait.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The square that is used to make all the possible combinations of gametes is called a Punnett square.
A)True
B)False
Q3) It is estimated that there are fewer than 100 genetic diseases caused by single gene mutations in humans.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Probability calculations in which the word "or" is used involve the product rule.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following is not an autosomal recessive disorder?
A) Marfan syndrome
B) Tay-Sachs disease
C) cystic fibrosis
D) sickle cell disease
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Chapter 21: DNA Biology and Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about PCR is not true?
A) PCR stands for "polymerizing copies of RNA".
B) PCR can create millions of copies of a segment of DNA in a test tube.
C) PCR uses DNA polymerase.
D) The amount of DNA doubles with each replication cycle.
E) The target is repeatedly replicated.
Q2) When the sequence CGCAAUGCAAGGA is translated,the corresponding protein will be arginine-asparagine-alanine-arginine.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is the monomer unit of DNA?
A) amino acids
B) fatty acids
C) nucleotides
D) carbohydrate rings
E) steroid rings
Q4) More than 50% of the entire human genome codes for functional proteins.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: Human Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a species within the genus Homo?
A) Homo erectus
B) Homo habilis
C) Homo ramidus
D) Homo sapiens
E) Homo floresiensis
Q2) How does Homo erectus differ from Homo ergaster?
A) H. erectus evolved into H. ergaster and was supplanted by H. ergaster.
B) The fossils looks very similar but H. erectus is an Asian form and H. ergaster is the African form.
C) H. erectus essentially looks like modern humans while H. ergaster is very apelike.
D) H. erectus and H. ergaster are identical except that H. erectus had tools and fire and H. ergaster did not.
E) H. erectus walked upright whle H. ergaster still walked on all fours.
Q3) In the out-of-Africa hypothesis,there was interbreeding between the ancestors of modern humans on three continents.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 23: Global Ecology and Human Interferences
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Q1) The bottom of the ocean floor is not considered part of the biosphere because no sunlight reaches it.
A)True
B)False
Q2) To say that something is a producer is to give information regarding its niche in an ecosystem.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Once of the consequences of building roads,parking lots,and buildings is
A) increased evaporation from the ocean.
B) decreased precipitation over the oceans and the land.
C) increased transpiration of plants in the vicinity.
D) increased runoff into nearby streams, lakes, wetlands, or the ocean.
E) a decrease in the level of the water table.
Q4) What is the exchange pool for the carbon cycle?
A) the ocean
B) carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
C) plants
D) algae
E) soil
Page 25
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Q1) The age structure diagram of MDCs is shaped like
A) a pyramid.
B) an inverted pyramid.
C) a rectangle.
Q2) Which of the following is not a sustainability practice designed to conserve water?
A) use sediment traps for storm drains
B) use low-flow or trickle irrigation
C) build retention ponds
D) use nonporous surfaces for parking lots
E) use green roofs
Q3) Which of the following is not associated with groundwater depletion?
A) subsidence
B) sinkholes
C) saltwater intrusion
D) lowering of the water table
E) sediment buildup
Q4) Planting the same crop in straight rows prevents soil erosion.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 25: Infectious Diseases Supplement
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Q1) How many different "lines" of antibiotics do we have against TB?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5 or more
Q2) Which of the following is an unwise use of antibiotics?
A) Discontinue the antibiotics when you feel better.
B) Do not take antibiotics for a viral infection.
C) Do not save unused antibiotics.
D) Do not skip doses of antiobiotic.
E) Take the antibiotics only for the infection for which they were prescribed.
Q3) Streptococcus is now considered to be a reemerging pathogen.
A)True
B)False
Q4) SARS is thought to have arisen in China due to the consumption of civets.
A)True
B)False
Q5) There are normally 1-2 cases of measles per month in a particular city.However,in the month of September,there were 15 cases.Is this an epidemic?
Page 27
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