Biomedical Engineering
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Biomedical Engineering is an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering, biology, and medicine to develop innovative technologies and solutions for healthcare. This course introduces students to the fundamentals of biomedical design, medical imaging, biomaterials, biomechanics, and physiological systems modeling. Through theoretical study and practical applications, students learn how to create medical devices, prosthetics, diagnostic equipment, and therapeutic strategies that improve patient care and advance medical research. The curriculum emphasizes critical thinking, ethical considerations, and collaboration across disciplines to address current and emerging challenges in medicine.
Recommended Textbook
Histology and Cell Biology An Introduction to Pathology 3rd Edition by Abraham L Kierszenbaum
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246 Verified Questions
246 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Epithelium
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Sample Questions
Q1) The surface of the ovaries contains which type of epithelium
A) Pseudostratified columnar
B) Simple columnar
C) Simple cuboidal
D) Simple squamous
E) Stratified squamous
Answer: C
Q2) The epithelial specializations most likely to be found in absorptive epithelia are
A) Cilia
B) Flagella
C) Microtubules
D) Microvilli
E) Stereocilia
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Epithelial Glands
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mode of exocrine gland secretion in which the secretory product is released in a pinched-off piece of the plasma membrane is
A) Apocrine
B) Eccrine
C) Endocrine
D) Holocrine
E) Merocrine
Answer: A
Q2) Exocrine glands are derived from
A) Connective tissue
B) Endocrine glands
C) Epithelial tissue
D) Muscle tissue
E) Nervous tissue
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Cell Signaling
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Sample Questions
Q1) A secreted chemical messenger meant to act on an adjacent cell is called a(n)
A) Autocrine
B) Hormone
C) Neurohormone
D) Neurotransmitter
E) Paracrine
Answer: E
Q2) Which of the following functions by diffusing across the cell membrane to bind to intracellular protein receptors, resulting in gene activation or repression?
A) Acetylcholine
B) Insulin
C) Nitric oxide
D) Prostaglandin
E) Testosterone
Answer: E
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Connective Tissue
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Sample Questions
Q1) Formation of new cartilage along the surface of pre-existing cartilage is termed
A) Appositional growth
B) Endochondral growth
C) Interstitial growth
D) Intramembranous growth
E) Isogenous growth
Q2) Which of the following cells is a type of macrophage?
A) Osteoblast
B) Osteoclast
C) Osteocyte
D) Osteogenic cell
E) Osteoprogenitor cell
Q3) Which of the following is true of brown, rather than white, fat?
A) It contains a single lipid droplet formed from the fusion of several droplets
B) It is formed during secondary fat formation
C) It is found primarily in adults
D) It is unilocular
E) It contains collagenase IV
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6
Chapter 5: Osteogenesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hormone calcitonin functions to
A) Decrease the rate of calcium absorption
B) Decrease the rate of calcium excretion
C) Increase the level of calcium ion in the blood
D) Stimulate both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
E) Stimulate osteoclast activity
Q2) Each of the following statements about epiphyseal plates is correct EXCEPT
A) Appositional growth occurs on the epiphyseal side
B) Bone replaces cartilage on the diaphyseal side
C) Mitotically active chondrocytes are distributed throughout the zone of reserve cartilage
D) Epiphyseal plates are required for lengthening of long bones
E) Epiphyseal plates contain a portion of healthy hyaline cartilage
Q3) What occurs in the hypertrophic zone during endochondral ossificiation?
A) Chondrocytes in the center of the cartilage undergo mitosis and growth
B) Invasion of empty lacunae by osteoprogenitor cells
C) Penetration of calcified septa by blood vessels
D) Programmed cell death of chondrocytes
E) Proliferating chondrocytes organize into parallel columns
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Blood and Hematopoiesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following cell types are functionally related to mast cells in that they release histamine and other vasoactive substances?
A) Basophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Erythrocytes
D) Monocytes
E) Neutrophils
Q2) Which cell type synthesizes and releases antibodies?
A) Basophil
B) B-lymphocyte
C) Eosinophil
D) Monocyte
E) T-lymphocyte
Q3) The majority of the formed elements of blood are
A) Eosinophils
B) Erythrocytes
C) Lymphocytes
D) Monocytes
E) Thrombocytes
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Muscle Tissue
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Sample Questions
Q1) When comparing skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle structure
A) Cardiac muscle contains triads while skeletal muscle contains diads
B) Sarcomere structure in smooth muscle and cardiac muscle are the same
C) Skeletal muscle thin filaments have actin, troponin, and tropomyosin; smooth muscle lacks troponin
D) Skeletal muscles consume more energy than cardiac muscle as a result of the abundance of mitochondria
E) T-tubule diameter in smooth muscle is smaller than in cardiac muscle
Q2) Following stimulation at the neuromuscular junction, Ca² binds to ____ on thin filaments.
A) F-actin
B) G-actin
C) Nebulin 77
D) Tropomyosin
E) Troponin
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Chapter 8: Nervous Tissue
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sensory information is conducted toward the spinal cord via A) Bipolar neurons
B) Multipolar neurons
C) Pseudounipolar neurons
D) Purkinje cells
E) Pyramidal cells
Q2) Which of the following surrounds individual neurons within a nerve?
A) Endoneurium
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Epineurium
D) Myelin
E) Perineurium
Q3) Neurotransmitters synthesized in the soma of a neuron reach the synaptic cleft via A) Action potentials
B) Anterograde axonal transport
C) Graded potentials
D) Retrograde axonal transport
E) Synaptic activity
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10
Chapter 9: Sensory Organs: Vision and Hearing
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Sample Questions
Q1) As the distance between the eye and the object on which it is focusing decreases to less than approximately 20 feet, the _____ contracts, resulting in a more rounded and convex lens
A) Ciliary muscle
B) Iris
C) Optic disc
D) Suspensory ligament
E) Zonula fibers
Q2) The muscle responsible for accommodation is found in the
A) Cornea
B) Inner tunica
C) Retina
D) Sclera
E) Uvea
Q3) The photoreceptor neurons of the retina synapse on ____
A) Amacrine cells
B) Bipolar cells
C) Ganglion cells
D) Horizontal cells
E) Müller cells
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Chapter 10: Immune Lymphatic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a child develops measles and acquires immunity to a subsequent infection, this type of immunity is called
A) Adaptive immunity
B) Artificial immunity
C) Inherited immunity
D) Natural immunity
E) Passive immunity
Q2) Helper T cells
A) Activate B cells to produce specific antibodies
B) Differentiate into cytotoxic T cells upon re-exposure to a known pathogen
C) Help T cells recognize antigens as nonself
D) Recognize and kill viral cells by secreting perforin
E) Secrete interferon upon contact with a virus
Q3) Which of the following is found in the red pulp of the spleen?
A) B and T cells
B) Central arteriole
C) Corona
D) Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath
E) Splenic cords
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) These cells are responsible for producing a pigment that protects underlying tissue from ultraviolet radiation
A) Basal (satellite) cells
B) Keratinocytes
C) Langerhans cells
D) Melanocytes
E) Merkel cells
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true of the stratum spinosum?
A) It contains immunity-conferring cells called Langerhans cells
B) It is also called the "spiny" layer
C) It is comprised mostly of keratinocytes
D) It is superficial to the stratum granulosum and the stratum germinativum
E) Keratins 5 and 14 are replaced by keratins 1 and 10 following basal keratinocyte migration
Q3) Nail production occurs at the nail _____.
A) Bed
B) Body
C) Eponychium
D) Hyponychium
E) Matrix
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Chapter 12: Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____ capillaries, found in the pancreas, are highly porous and allow high volumes of fluids to pass through them, whereas ____ capillaries, found in the muscles, consist of more tightly joined cells that allow a high degree of selective materials to pass through them.
A) Continuous, fenestrated
B) Fenestrated, continuous
C) Fenestrated, sinusoidal
D) Sinusoidal, continuous
E) Sinusoidal, fenestrated
Q2) Which of the following statements about veins is false?
A) Layering in the walls is indistinct
B) Most small and medium-sized veins contain valves
C) The lumina are larger than corresponding arteries
D) Vasa vasorum in large veins are less common than in corresponding arteries
E) Walls are thinner than those found in corresponding arteries
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14
Chapter 13: Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the respiratory system, air moves from the larynx into the
A) Bronchi
B) Bronchioles
C) Laryngopharynx
D) Oropharynx
E) Trachea
Q2) Non-mucous secreting and non-ciliated dome-shaped cells with microvilli are found in the respiratory tract. These cells are detoxifying and secrete a component of surfactant. They are also capable of differentiation for tissue regeneration. Where are they located?
A) Alveoli
B) Bronchi
C) Bronchioles
D) Laryngopharynx
E) Trachea
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Chapter 14: Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following statements about the distal thick segment of the renal tubule are true EXCEPT
A) It does not have a brush border
B) It empties into the collecting duct
C) It excretes sodium ions and absorbs potassium ions
D) It has a larger diameter than the loop of Henle
E) It is impermeable to water outside the presence of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
Q2) Following filtration, most water and solutes are reabsorbed in the
A) Bowman's capsule
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Glomerulus
D) Loop of Henle
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
Q3) Each renal corpuscle receives blood directly from which of the following vessels?
A) Afferent arteriole
B) Arcuate artery
C) Efferent arteriole
D) Interlobar artery
E) Interlobular artery
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Chapter 15: Upper Digestive Segment
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Sample Questions
Q1) What do the surface mucous cells of the stomach do?
A) They are regenerative
B) They help reabsorb vitamin B12
C) They secrete a substance that protects the stomach lining from acid
D) They secrete hydrochloric acid
E) They secrete into the base of the gastric pit
Q2) What type of papillae are the largest, least numerous, and are found at the back of the tongue?
A) Circumvallate
B) Filiform
C) Foliate
D) Fungiform
E) Lingual
Q3) What cell type is most likely to be stimulated following G-cell secretion?
A) Chief cells
B) Mucous neck cells
C) Parietal cells
D) Stem cells
E) None - G-cells secrete an inhibitory substance
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Lower Digestive Segment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following cell types is not found in the small intestine epithelium?
A) Enterocytes
B) Microfold cells
C) Paneth cells
D) Parietal cells
E) None of the above (all of the above cells are found in the small intestine epithelium)
Q2) The ____ secrete(s) an alkaline fluid to protect the duodenum from acidic chyme.
A) Brunner's glands
B) Gallbladder
C) Goblet cells
D) Liver
E) Peyer's patches
Q3) Where are electrolytes actively absorbed, and where is water passively absorbed?
A) Duodenum
B) Ileum
C) Jejunum
D) Large intestine
E) Stomach
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18
Chapter 17: Digestive Glands
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not true of pancreatic intercalated ducts?
A) The secretory acini empty their secretions into them
B) Their initial segments are formed by centroacinar cells
C) They are lined by low columnar or cuboidal epithelium
D) They empty into interlobular ducts
E) They receive secretions from the duct of Wirsung
Q2) Which of the following is not a function of the liver?
A) Gluconeogenesis
B) Iron storage
C) Protein and lipid synthesis
D) Storage of bile
E) Toxin degradation
Q3) All of the following are found in the islets of Langerhans EXCEPT
A) Cells that secrete a bicarbonate-rich alkaline fluid
B) Cells that secrete a hormone responsible for lowering blood glucose levels
C) Cells that secrete a hormone that results in the liver's breaking down glycogen
D) Cells that stimulate glycogen synthesis
E) Insulin-secreting cells
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Chapter 18: Neuroendocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which endocrine structure is composed of several cell types, including chromophobe cells, acidophils, and basophils?
A) Adrenal gland
B) Anterior pituitary
C) Parathyroid gland
D) Pineal gland
E) Posterior pituitary
Q2) Prolactin secretion is _____ by _____.
A) Inhibited dopamine
B) Inhibited somatostatin
C) Stimulated dopamine
D) Stimulated growth hormone-releasing hormone
E) Stimulated nerve impulse from the hypothalamus
Q3) Melatonin
A) Is secreted by the neurohypophysis
B) Is secreted immediately following synthesis by acidophils
C) Is transported along pinealocyte axons
D) Production is stimulated by sunlight
E) Stimulates growth hormone secretion
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parathyroid hormone
A) Decreases blood calcium levels
B) Inhibits calcium resorption in the uriniferous tubules
C) Is released by parafollicular cells
D) Is secreted and synthesized by chief cells
E) Release is stimulated by an increase in serum calcium levels
Q2) The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces
A) Androgens
B) Corticoids
C) Glucocorticoids
D) Mineralocorticoids
E) Steroids
Q3) Which of the following hormones is most likely to bind to a receptor inside the cell as opposed to a membrane receptor?
A) Aldosterone
B) Epinephrine
C) Melatonin
D) Parathyroid hormone
E) Vasopressin
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Spermatogenesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) The substage of prophase of meiosis I in which synapsis begins is the _____ substage.
A) Diakinesis
B) Diplotene
C) Leptotene
D) Pachytene
E) Zygotene
Q2) Testosterone is secreted by
A) Leydig cells
B) Principal cells
C) Sertoli cells
D) Spermatogenic cells
E) Spermatogonia
Q3) Which of the following are diploid structures?
A) Primary spermatocytes
B) Secondary spermatocytes
C) Sperm
D) Spermatids
E) Spermatozoa
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Sperm Transport and Maturation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Numerous tubuloalveolar glands that secrete a motility-enhancing substance constitute the
A) Bulbourethral gland
B) Ductus epididymidis
C) Prostate gland
D) Seminal vesicle
E) Testis
Q2) Sperm move from the tubuli recti into the
A) Ductuli efferentes
B) Epididymidis
C) Rete testis
D) Seminiferous tubules
E) Vas deferens
Q3) Which duct has a characteristic wavy lumen as a result of different epithelial cell heights?
A) Ductuli efferentes
B) Ductus epididymidis
C) Rete testis
D) Seminiferous tubules
E) Tubuli recti
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Chapter 22: Follicle Development and the Menstrual Cycle
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Sample Questions
Q1) The layer of glycoproteins between the oocytes and granulosa cells is called the A) Corona radiata
B) Cumulus oophorus
C) Macula pellucida
D) Theca folliculus
E) Zona pellucida
Q2) The inner layer of the uterus is called the
A) Cervix
B) Endometrium
C) Germinal epithelium
D) Mesovarium
E) Myometrium
Q3) Oocytes surrounded by granulosa cells are found in the A) Corona radiata
B) Corpus luteum
C) Cumulus oophorus
D) Theca folliculus
E) Zona pellucida
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24
Chapter 23: Fertilization, Placentation, and Lactation
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Sample Questions
Q1) What structure secretes estrogen and progesterone for approximately 3 months following fertilization?
A) Corpus albicans
B) Corpus luteum
C) Mature follicle
D) Placenta
E) Tunica albuginea
Q2) Which of the following statements about the trophoblast is false?
A) It develops into the embryo proper
B) It helps form the placenta
C) It invades the endometrium during implantation
D) It is the outer layer of cells around the blastula
E) It secretes human chorionic gonadotropiin
Q3) Rapid cell division without organismal growth is called
A) Cleavage
B) Implantation
C) Meiosis
D) Mitosis
E) Oogenesis
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