Biomechanics Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Biomechanics is the study of the mechanical principles of living organisms, particularly their movement and structure. This course explores how forces interact with the body and how biological tissues respond to these forces, integrating concepts from biology, physics, and engineering. Topics include the analysis of human motion, the mechanics of musculoskeletal structures, the application of Newtonian mechanics to movement, and the role of biomechanics in sports, rehabilitation, and the design of biomedical devices. Through theoretical approaches and practical case studies, students gain an understanding of how to evaluate and enhance human movement and performance.
Recommended Textbook
Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy 6th Edition by Lynn S. Lippert PT MS
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359 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: Basic Information
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a person grasps an overhead exercise bar and pulls it down,what type of motion is occurring at the shoulder joint?
A) Angular motion
B) Linear motion
C) Kinematic motion
D) Torque motion
Answer: A
Q2) When the scapula moves into a protracted position,they move in what direction in relation to the spine?
A) Superior
B) Inferior
C) Medial
D) Lateral
Answer: D
Q3) In anatomical position,the thumb is located where in relation to the fingers?
A) Medial
B) Lateral
C) Proximal
D) Distal
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A skeletal pathology characterized by pain in the knee area due to issues with traction epiphysis is which of the following?
A) Osgood-Schlatter disease
B) Slipped femoral capital epiphysis
C) Osteoporosis
D) Osteomyelitis
Answer: A
Q2) A bone marking that consists of a hole through which vessels,nerves,and ligaments pass is called a
A) foramen.
B) crest.
C) head.
D) fossa.
Answer: A
Q3) A bone marking that consists of a sharp ridge or border is called a A) foramen.
B) crest.
C) head.
D) fossa.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Articular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Forearm pronation occurs in which plane and around which axis?
A) Transverse plane through a transverse axis
B) Transverse plane through a vertical axis
C) Sagittal plane through a frontal axis
D) Frontal plane through a sagittal axis
Answer: B
Q2) Joints serve which of the following functions?
A) Bear weight and provide stability
B) Allow motion
C) Contain fluid that lubricates and nourishes the cartilage
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Q3) A biaxial joint allows motion in how many directions?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) None of the above
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Arthrokinematics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The type of arthrokinematic motion characterized by rotation of one surface on a fixed adjacent surface is called
A) roll.
B) spin.
C) glide.
D) Any of the above
Q2) When a patient using a walker bears weight through the wrists,what type of accessory motion force is occurring at the wrist joints?
A) Shear
B) Traction
C) Approximation
D) Rotation forces
Q3) The type of abnormal end feel characterized by the presence of soft tissue edema is which of the following?
A) Boggy end feel
B) Springy block
C) Empty end feel
D) Soft tissue approximation
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6
Chapter 5: Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) You can make a tighter fist with your wrist extended than with your wrist flexed because of
A) active insufficiency of the finger flexors.
B) active insufficiency of the finger extensors.
C) passive insufficiency of the finger flexors.
D) passive insufficiency of the finger extensors.
Q2) If a person threw a Frisbee and wanted wrist radial deviation,which muscle group would be the antagonist?
A) Wrist radial deviators
B) Wrist ulnar deviators
C) Wrist flexors
D) Wrist extensors
Q3) Which of the following is NOT true of a concentric contraction?
A) Muscle attachments move closer together.
B) This type of contraction produces less of a force than an eccentric contraction.
C) Movement occurs against gravity.
D) A concentric contraction is an acceleration activity.
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Chapter 6: Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) At which level of the spinal column is damage to the spinal cord no longer a concern?
A) C7
B) T8
C) T10
D) L1
Q2) A person experiencing "foot drop" has damage to which of the following nerves?
A) Radial nerve
B) Median nerve
C) Femoral nerve
D) Common peroneal nerve
Q3) A person with weakness of knee extension has damage to which of the following nerves?
A) Radial nerve
B) Median nerve
C) Femoral nerve
D) Common peroneal nerve
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Chapter 7: Circulatory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The joining of vessels to provide alternate circulation in case of a blood vessel blockage is referred to as which of the following?
A) Aneurysm
B) Anastomosis
C) Arteriole
D) Angion
Q2) The outermost layer of a blood vessel is made up of which type of tissue?
A) Endothelium
B) Smooth muscle
C) Elastic fiber
D) Connective tissue
Q3) A cardiac pathology characterized by the heart's inability to pump blood and leading to fluid congestion in tissues of the body is which of the following?
A) Congestive heart failure
B) Atherosclerosis
C) Myocardial infarction
D) Heart murmur
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Chapter 8: Basic Biomechanics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most concentric exercises done in the body are considered to be which type of lever?
A) First class
B) Second class
C) Third class
D) Fourth class
Q2) You are working with a client to regain function after shoulder surgery.Now you want to focus on exercises to increase power.You would choose which of the following exercises?
A) Concentric strengthening
B) Eccentric strengthening
C) Stretches
D) It doesn't matter; any of the above will help increase power.
Q3) The state of equilibrium demonstrated when an object's COG is unchanged when it is disturbed is
A) stable equilibrium.
B) unstable equilibrium.
C) neutral equilibrium.
D) None of the above
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10
Chapter 9: Shoulder Girdle
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Sample Questions
Q1) The upper trapezius,serratus anterior,and lower trapezius have which of the following actions in common?
A) Retraction of the scapula
B) Protraction of the scapula
C) Downward rotation of the scapula
D) Upward rotation of the scapula
Q2) Weakness of the trapezius muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves?
A) Cranial nerve XI
B) Dorsal scapular nerve
C) Long thoracic nerve
D) Medial pectoral nerve
Q3) An example of linear shoulder girdle motion is
A) upward rotation.
B) scapular protraction.
C) scapular depression.
D) B and C
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11
Chapter 10: Shoulder Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) The latissimus dorsi,subscapularis,and anterior deltoid have which of the following shoulder motions in common?
A) Medial rotation
B) Lateral rotation
C) Adduction
D) Flexion
Q2) You are asked to palpate for tenderness at the coracoid process of the scapula.If you locate tenderness at this spot,the patient may have soft tissue inflammation at the origin of which of the following muscles?
A) Teres major
B) Coracobrachialis
C) Pectoralis major
D) Long head of the biceps brachii
Q3) Which bony landmark of the humerus is located on the lateral side near the midpoint of the shaft?
A) Bicipital groove
B) Lesser tubercle
C) Deltoid tuberosity
D) Humeral head
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Elbow Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) Weakness of the biceps brachii muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves?
A) Musculocutaneous nerve
B) Median nerve
C) Ulnar nerve
D) Radial nerve
Q2) Which muscle originates on the distal half of the humerus (anterior surface)and inserts on the coronoid process and the ulnar tuberosity of the ulna?
A) Coracobrachialis
B) Short head of biceps brachii
C) Brachialis
D) Supinator
Q3) Weakness of the triceps brachii muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves?
A) Musculocutaneous nerve
B) Median nerve
C) Ulnar nerve
D) Radial nerve
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13
Chapter 12: Wrist Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person needing to stretch the wrist flexors needs to put the wrist in which of the following positions?
A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Radial deviation
D) All of the above will stretch the wrist flexors.
Q2) If the emphasis for the above exercise is eccentric strengthening,how would you instruct your client to pace the exercise?
A) Emphasis on the "up" motion
B) Emphasis on the "down" motion
C) Both directions will work the muscle eccentrically.
D) Emphasis on holding the wrist in neutral position for 5 to 10 seconds
Q3) Which muscle originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts at the base of the third metacarpal?
A) Palmaris longus
B) Extensor carpi radialis longus
C) Extensor carpi radialis brevis
D) Extensor carpi ulnaris
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Chapter 13: Hand
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Sample Questions
Q1) The flexor digitorum superficialis muscle flexes all but which of the following joints of the fingers?
A) Distal interphalangeal joints (DIP)
B) Proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP)
C) Metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP)
D) This muscle flexes all of these joints.
Q2) Which carpal bone makes up the floor of the anatomical snuffbox and is the most frequently fractured carpal bone?
A) Capitate
B) Lunate
C) Scaphoid
D) Pisiform
Q3) Which type of grip is used to grasp a plate?
A) Lumbrical grip
B) Pincer grip
C) Cylindrical grip
D) Spherical grip
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Chapter 14: Temporomandibular Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which muscle originates on the styloid process of the temporal bone and inserts on the hyoid bone?
A) Geniohyoid
B) Stylohyoid
C) Sternohyoid
D) Omohyoid
Q2) Which cranial nerve is involved if your client has sensory loss to the face?
A) Cranial nerve V
B) Cranial nerve VI
C) Cranial nerve VII
D) A and C
Q3) Normal ROM for mouth opening in an adult would be which of the following?
A) One finger between the upper and lower teeth
B) Half a finger between the upper and lower teeth
C) Two to three fingers between the upper and lower teeth
D) Four fingers between the upper and lower teeth
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16
Chapter 15: Neck and Trunk
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Sample Questions
Q1) The facet joints of the lumbar spine primarily run in which plane to allow good spinal flexion and extension?
A) Frontal plane
B) Sagittal plane
C) Transverse plane
D) A and C
Q2) Which muscle originates on the transverse processes of the cervical vertebra and inserts on the first and second ribs?
A) Sternocleidomastoid
B) Scalene
C) Splenius capitis
D) Splenius cervicis
Q3) The trunk muscle that originates on the pubis and inserts on the costal cartilages of the fifth,sixth,and seventh ribs is the
A) external oblique.
B) internal oblique.
C) transverse abdominis.
D) rectus abdominis.
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Chapter 16: Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patients in hospitals will often use an instrument called an incentive spirometer to assist in fully expanding the lungs after surgery or prolonged bedrest.This has the patient focus on deep inspiration and activates all of the following muscles EXCEPT the A) diaphragm.
B) external intercostals.
C) scalenes.
D) rectus abdominis.
Q2) At rest,what is the shape of the diaphragm muscle?
A) Concave
B) Dome-shaped
C) Convex
D) The diaphragm doesn't change shape with rest or when contracted.
Q3) Which muscle originates on the xiphoid process,the ribs,and the lumbar vertebra and inserts on the central tendon?
A) Internal intercostals
B) External intercostals
C) Diaphragm
D) Pectoralis major
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18
Chapter 17: Pelvic Girdle
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Sample Questions
Q1) The supporting ligament of the symphysis pubis that attaches to the pubic tubercles is the
A) sacrospinous ligament.
B) iliolumbar ligament.
C) inferior pubic ligament.
D) superior pubic ligament.
Q2) A normal finding for a lumbosacral angle would be which of the following?
A) 10 degrees
B) 30 degrees
C) 45 degrees
D) 60 degrees
Q3) The muscle groups activated when you have a patient do a supine posterior pelvic tilt are the
A) hip flexors and trunk flexors.
B) hip flexors and trunk extensors.
C) hip extensors and trunk flexors.
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Chapter 18: Hip Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which muscle originates on the ischium and pubis and inserts on the entire linea aspera and adductor tubercle?
A) Adductor brevis
B) Adductor longus
C) Adductor magnus
D) Vastus lateralis
Q2) The bony landmark of the femur located medially and posteriorly on the proximal end is called the
A) lesser trochanter.
B) greater trochanter.
C) medial condyle.
D) linea aspera.
Q3) Trauma to the femoral nerve could impair any of the following muscles EXCEPT the A) sartorius.
B) pectineus.
C) gluteus maximus.
D) rectus femoris.
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Knee Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are asked to instruct your client in eccentric strengthening of the hamstring muscles.The BEST instruction is
A) standing,slowly flex the knee.
B) standing,slowly extend the knee from a flexed position.
C) supine,slide the heel toward the hip.
D) side-lying,slowly extend the top knee from a flexed position.
Q2) Which muscle has its origin at the medial and lateral condyles of the femur and its insertion at the posterior calcaneus?
A) Popliteus
B) Gastrocnemius
C) Plantaris
D) Soleus
Q3) To fully stretch the hamstrings,you should do which of the following motions?
A) Flex the knee and extend the hip
B) Extend the knee and extend the hip
C) Extend the knee and flex the hip
D) Flex the knee and flex the hip
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21
Chapter 20: Ankle Joint and Foot
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Sample Questions
Q1) The soleus has which of the following actions?
A) Knee flexion
B) Ankle inversion
C) Ankle plantarflexion
D) B and C
Q2) You are asked to strengthen the muscles that support the arch of the foot (stirrup muscles).You would choose exercises for which of the following pairs of muscles?
A) Peroneus longus and anterior tibialis
B) Anterior tibialis and posterior tibialis
C) Peroneus longus and extensor hallucis longus
D) Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis
Q3) Which intrinsic muscle is the only intrinsic located on the dorsal surface of the foot?
A) Abductor hallucis
B) Lumbricales
C) Extensor digitorum brevis
D) Flexor digiti minimi
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Chapter 21: Posture
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person with excessive lumbar lordosis could need stretching instruction for which group of muscles?
A) Hip flexors
B) Hip extensors
C) Trunk extensors
D) A and C
Q2) In observing standing posture,you note a flattened longitudinal arch of the foot.You would document this as which of the following?
A) Pes planus
B) Pes cavus
C) Claw toe
D) Hammer toe
Q3) If your patient's treatment plan asks her to work on dynamic posture,which of the following activities would be appropriate to have your patient do?
A) Seated stationary posture at a computer station
B) Loading office supplies into a file cabinet
C) Moving files from one shelf to another in a storeroom
D) B and C
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Chapter 22: Gait
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Sample Questions
Q1) Weakness of the gastrocnemius muscle group can cause a gait best described as A) rocking horse gait.
B) sore foot limp.
C) foot slap.
D) ataxic gait.
Q2) A verbal cue that you could give a patient with poor balance to improve their gait safety is
A) increase the cadence.
B) decrease the step length.
C) increase the width of walking base.
D) B and C
Q3) Your patient has a tendency to cross the unsupported limb in front of the other during swing phase.This could indicate spasticity of which of the following muscle groups?
A) Hip flexors
B) Hip adductors
C) Knee extensors
D) Ankle plantar flexors
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