Biomechanics Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Biomechanics is the study of the mechanical principles that govern movement and structure in biological systems, particularly focusing on the human body. This course explores how forces interact with tissues, organs, and systems, affecting motion, stability, and performance. Students will examine topics such as kinematics, kinetics, tissue mechanics, and the analysis of movement in health and disease. Through lectures, laboratory sessions, and practical applications, the course provides foundational knowledge in applying physics and engineering concepts to solve problems related to human movement, injury prevention, rehabilitation, and the design of assistive devices.
Recommended Textbook
Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy 6th Edition by Lynn S. Lippert PT MS
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22 Chapters
359 Verified Questions
359 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Basic Information
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fibula is on which side of the lower leg?
A) Medial
B) Lateral
C) Proximal
D) Distal
Answer: B
Q2) When a person grasps an overhead exercise bar and pulls it down,what type of motion is occurring at the shoulder joint?
A) Angular motion
B) Linear motion
C) Kinematic motion
D) Torque motion
Answer: A
Q3) In anatomical position,the thumb is located where in relation to the fingers?
A) Medial
B) Lateral
C) Proximal
D) Distal
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The structure of the bone where growth occurs is the A) diaphysis.
B) medullary canal.
C) endosteum.
D) epiphyseal plate.
Answer: D
Q2) The type of bone that makes up most of the appendicular skeleton is the A) irregular bone.
B) flat bone.
C) long bone.
D) sesamoid bone.
Answer: C
Q3) The scapula is an example of which type of bone?
A) Short
B) Flat
C) Irregular
D) Sesamoid
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Articular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true of a ligament?
A) They provide support to a joint.
B) They can serve as an attachment for cartilage.
C) They can serve as an attachment for fascia.
D) All of the above are true of a ligament.
Answer: D
Q2) Joints serve which of the following functions?
A) Bear weight and provide stability
B) Allow motion
C) Contain fluid that lubricates and nourishes the cartilage
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Q3) The wrist is an example of which type of joint?
A) Nonaxial
B) Uniaxial
C) Biaxial
D) Triaxial
Answer: C
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5
Chapter 4: Arthrokinematics
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a patient using a walker bears weight through the wrists,what type of accessory motion force is occurring at the wrist joints?
A) Shear
B) Traction
C) Approximation
D) Rotation forces
Q2) The intervention of joint mobilization is best performed in the close-packed position at any given joint.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The type of arthrokinematic motion characterized by rotation of one surface on a fixed adjacent surface is called
A) roll.
B) spin.
C) glide.
D) Any of the above
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6
Chapter 5: Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of lower extremity functional activity occurs in a closed chain manner.
A)True
B)False
Q2) You can make a tighter fist with your wrist extended than with your wrist flexed because of
A) active insufficiency of the finger flexors.
B) active insufficiency of the finger extensors.
C) passive insufficiency of the finger flexors.
D) passive insufficiency of the finger extensors.
Q3) The ability of a muscle to recoil or return to normal resting length after a stretching or shortening force is removed is called
A) irritability.
B) contractility.
C) elasticity.
D) extensibility.
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Chapter 6: Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sensory impulses from the peripheral nervous system (PNS)enter the cord through the anterior horn.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A person with "wrist drop" has damage to which of the following nerves?
A) Radial nerve
B) Median nerve
C) Femoral nerve
D) Common peroneal nerve
Q3) A person experiencing "foot drop" has damage to which of the following nerves?
A) Radial nerve
B) Median nerve
C) Femoral nerve
D) Common peroneal nerve
Q4) A person with weakness of knee extension has damage to which of the following nerves?
A) Radial nerve
B) Median nerve
C) Femoral nerve
D) Common peroneal nerve
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Chapter 7: Circulatory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A type of cerebral hemorrhage that occurs in a vein with symptoms that occur over time is which of the following?
A) Epidural bleed
B) Ischemic bleed
C) Varicose bleed
D) Subdural bleed
Q2) The outermost layer of a blood vessel is made up of which type of tissue?
A) Endothelium
B) Smooth muscle
C) Elastic fiber
D) Connective tissue
Q3) A circulatory pathology characterized by inflammation of a vein is which of the following?
A) Aneurysm
B) Phlebitis
C) Embolism
D) Occlusion
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Chapter 8: Basic Biomechanics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most concentric exercises done in the body are considered to be which type of lever?
A) First class
B) Second class
C) Third class
D) Fourth class
Q2) The state of equilibrium demonstrated when an object's COG is unchanged when it is disturbed is
A) stable equilibrium.
B) unstable equilibrium.
C) neutral equilibrium.
D) None of the above
Q3) The type of machine that consists of a grooved wheel that turns on an axle with a rope or cable is a(n)
A) movable pulley.
B) wheel and axle.
C) fixed pulley.
D) inclined plane.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Shoulder Girdle
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which muscle originates on the nuchal ligament and occipital bone and inserts in the lateral third of the clavicle?
A) Serratus anterior
B) Rhomboids
C) Upper trapezius
D) Pectoralis major
Q2) An example of linear shoulder girdle motion is
A) upward rotation.
B) scapular protraction.
C) scapular depression.
D) B and C
Q3) If shoulder girdle retraction is the desired motion,which two muscles are agonists in this motion?
A) Pectoralis minor and pectoralis major
B) Levator scapula and upper trapezius
C) Middle trapezius and rhomboids
D) Serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi
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11
Chapter 10: Shoulder Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which muscle originates on the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and inserts on the olecranon process of the ulna?
A) Long head of the triceps brachii
B) Lateral head of the triceps brachii
C) Long head of the biceps brachii
D) Short head of the biceps brachii
Q2) The reason you have your client laterally rotate his shoulder when moving between 90 and 180 degrees of shoulder abduction is to prevent what structure from hitting the acromion process?
A) Deltoid tuberosity
B) Lesser tubercle
C) Adductor tubercle
D) Greater tubercle
Q3) Which muscles originate on the axillary border of the scapula and insert on the greater tubercle of the humerus?
A) Teres minor
B) Teres major
C) Infraspinatus
D) Subscapularis
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Elbow Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which muscle originates on the humeral medial epicondyle and proximal ulna and spans the elbow anteriorly to attach on the lateral surface of the radius near its midpoint?
A) Supinator
B) Pronator teres
C) Anconeus
D) Brachialis
Q2) Which muscle originates on the humeral lateral condyle and inserts on the radial styloid process?
A) Brachioradialis
B) Flexor carpi radialis
C) Pronator teres
D) Pronator quadratus
Q3) A common elbow pathology often caused by repetitive wrist extension activities is which of the following?
A) Medial epicondylitis
B) Lateral epicondylitis
C) Tendonitis of biceps tendon
D) Volkmann's ischemic contracture
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Wrist Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which muscle originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts at the base of the third metacarpal?
A) Palmaris longus
B) Extensor carpi radialis longus
C) Extensor carpi radialis brevis
D) Extensor carpi ulnaris
Q2) When teaching a client strengthening exercises for wrist radial deviation,which of the following is the BEST position to place him in to start the exercise?
A) Seated with forearm on table,palm up
B) Seated with forearm on table,palm down
C) Seated with forearm on table,thumb up
D) Seated with forearm on table,thumb down
Q3) When the extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris contract simultaneously,which motions are neutralized?
A) Flexion and extension of the wrist
B) Radial and ulnar deviation
C) Wrist circumduction
D) None of the above
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14
Chapter 13: Hand
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which muscle originates on the flexor digitorum profundus tendon and inserts on the tendon of the extensor digitorum muscle?
A) Palmar interossei
B) Dorsal interossei
C) Flexor pollicis brevis
D) Lumbricales
Q2) The intrinsic muscle mass on the little finger side of the palm is made up of which set of muscles?
A) Thenar muscles
B) Radial muscles
C) Opponens muscles
D) Hypothenar muscles
Q3) The flexor digitorum superficialis muscle flexes all but which of the following joints of the fingers?
A) Distal interphalangeal joints (DIP)
B) Proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP)
C) Metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP)
D) This muscle flexes all of these joints.
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15
Chapter 14: Temporomandibular Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which muscle originates on the temporal fossa and inserts on the coronoid process and ramus of the mandible?
A) Temporalis
B) Masseter
C) Medial pterygoid
D) Lateral pterygoid
Q2) Which muscle originates on the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid and tuberosity of the maxilla and inserts on the ramus and angle of the mandible?
A) Temporalis
B) Masseter
C) Medial pterygoid
D) Lateral pterygoid
Q3) Which cranial nerve is involved if your client has sensory loss to the face?
A) Cranial nerve V
B) Cranial nerve VI
C) Cranial nerve VII
D) A and C
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16
Chapter 15: Neck and Trunk
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following muscles,when contracted unilaterally,will produce lateral bend of the spine EXCEPT the
A) intertransversarii.
B) scalene.
C) rectus abdominis.
D) external oblique.
Q2) Which cervical muscle,when contracted unilaterally,rotates the head to the opposite side?
A) Splenius capitis
B) Sternocleidomastoid
C) Erector spinae
D) Scalene
Q3) The muscle of the cervical spine that is innervated by cranial nerve XI is the A) sternocleidomastoid.
B) scalene.
C) splenius capitis.
D) splenius cervicis.
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17
Chapter 16: Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which muscles originate on the rib above and insert on the rib below and serve to elevate the ribs?
A) Internal intercostals
B) External intercostals
C) Diaphragm
D) Pectoralis major
Q2) Which muscle originates on the xiphoid process,the ribs,and the lumbar vertebra and inserts on the central tendon?
A) Internal intercostals
B) External intercostals
C) Diaphragm
D) Pectoralis major
Q3) A person with a spinal cord injury above which of the following levels would require ventilator dependency?
A) L1
B) T8
C) C6
D) C3
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18
Chapter 17: Pelvic Girdle
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Sample Questions
Q1) A lateral tilt (unsupported side)of the pelvis results in which of the following motions of the vertebral column?
A) Flexion
B) Hyperextension
C) Lateral bend to the opposite side
D) Lateral bend to the same side
Q2) An increase in posterior tilt of the pelvis is associated with which of the following motions of the vertebral column?
A) Flexion
B) Hyperextension
C) Lateral bend to the opposite side
D) Rotation to the opposite side
Q3) The pelvic force couple that combine to pull the pelvis into an anterior tilt are the A) hip flexors and trunk flexors.
B) hip flexors and trunk extensors.
C) hip extensors and trunk flexors.
D) hip extensors and trunk extensors.
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19
Chapter 18: Hip Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your patient has been in bed for months and has developed lateral hip rotator contractures.The muscles you need to strengthen to improve hip alignment are the A) gluteus minimus.
B) gluteus medius.
C) deep rotators.
D) gluteus maximus.
Q2) The BEST position to stretch the tensor fascia latae muscle is which of the following?
A) Hip flexion
B) Hip extension
C) Hip adduction and extension
D) Hip abduction and extension
Q3) The pectineus is a prime mover in which hip motion?
A) Extension
B) Abduction
C) Medial rotation
D) Adduction
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Chapter 19: Knee Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are asked to instruct your client in eccentric strengthening of the hamstring muscles.The BEST instruction is
A) standing,slowly flex the knee.
B) standing,slowly extend the knee from a flexed position.
C) supine,slide the heel toward the hip.
D) side-lying,slowly extend the top knee from a flexed position.
Q2) Which of the following ligaments prevents excessive forward movement of the tibia on the femur?
A) Lateral meniscus
B) Medial collateral
C) Anterior cruciate ligament
D) Genu labrum
Q3) To fully stretch the hamstrings,you should do which of the following motions?
A) Flex the knee and extend the hip
B) Extend the knee and extend the hip
C) Extend the knee and flex the hip
D) Flex the knee and flex the hip
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21
Chapter 20: Ankle Joint and Foot
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which intrinsic muscle is the only intrinsic located on the dorsal surface of the foot?
A) Abductor hallucis
B) Lumbricales
C) Extensor digitorum brevis
D) Flexor digiti minimi
Q2) Ankle inversion is accomplished by the action of the
A) peroneus brevis.
B) anterior tibialis.
C) posterior tibialis.
D) B and C
Q3) Which muscle originates on the posterior tibia and fibula and inserts on the posterior calcaneus?
A) Gastrocnemius
B) Soleus
C) Plantaris
D) Flexor digitorum longus
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Chapter 21: Posture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pressure on the vertebral discs is greatest in which of the following positions?
A) Supine
B) Side-lying
C) Seated
D) Standing upright
Q2) A person with excessive lumbar lordosis could need stretching instruction for which group of muscles?
A) Hip flexors
B) Hip extensors
C) Trunk extensors
D) A and C
Q3) Causes of poor posture can be which of the following?
A) Habit
B) Congenital malformation
C) Paralysis of key postural muscles
D) Any of the above can be a cause of poor posture.
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23
Chapter 22: Gait
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you note a problem with gait that occurs when the non-weight-bearing limb is directly under the body,you are speaking of which part of the swing phase?
A) Preswing
B) Initial swing
C) Midswing
D) Terminal swing
Q2) The term used to describe the distance between heel strike of one limb and heel strike of the other is
A) double support.
B) step length.
C) cadence.
D) single support.
Q3) Your patient has a tendency to cross the unsupported limb in front of the other during swing phase.This could indicate spasticity of which of the following muscle groups?
A) Hip flexors
B) Hip adductors
C) Knee extensors
D) Ankle plantar flexors
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Page 24