Biomechanics Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Biomechanics is the study of the mechanical principles that govern human and animal movement, integrating concepts from biology, physics, and engineering to analyze how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together to produce motion. This course covers the fundamentals of force analysis, motion dynamics, and tissue mechanics, with applications in areas such as sports performance, rehabilitation, prosthetics, and orthopedics. Students will learn to apply quantitative methods to assess movement, understand injury mechanisms, and design interventions that improve function and safety in living systems.
Recommended Textbook
Basic Biomechanics 6th Edition by Susan Hall
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15 Chapters
825 Verified Questions
825 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Biomechanics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true about carpal tunnel syndrome?
A) it is a neurological impairment
B) it is associated with repetitive keyboard use
C) both A & B
D) none of the above
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following defines inference?
A) the process of elimination
B) the process of forming deductions from available information
C) the process of observation in a qualitative analysis
D) none of the above
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following countries uses the metric system?
A) France
B) Germany
C) Japan
D) all of the above
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Kinematic Concepts for Analyzing Human Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers only perform quantitative analyses and practitioners only perform qualitative analyses.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) In two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate systems, what unit is used for the vertical axis?
A) x
B) y
C) z
D) any of the above can describe the vertical axis
Answer: B
Q3) Ventral is a synonym for ____________________, which means toward the front of the body.
Answer: anterior
Q4) Translation is a synonym for __________________ motion.
Answer: linear
Q5) __________________ describes motion along a straight line, whereas __________________ describes motion along a curved line.
Answer: Rectilinear, curvilinear
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Chapter 3: Kinetic Concepts for Analyzing Human Motion
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55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When absorbing the force of a baseball, which of the following will change the impulse?
A) reduce the force with which the ball is thrown
B) wear a catcher's mitt
C) "give" with the ball when catching
D) both A and B
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Q2) In a free body diagram of the human body, where would the vector representing weight of the body originate?
A) contact between the feet and the ground
B) center of gravity
C) head
D) need more information
Answer: B
Q3) One __________________ is the amount of force required to accelerate 1 kg of mass at 1 m/s<sup>2</sup>.
Answer: Newton
Q4) The opposite of tensile force (tension) is ___________________ force.
Answer: compressive
5
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Chapter 4: The Biomechanics of Human Bone Growth and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true regarding greenstick fractures?
A) They are incomplete fractures.
B) They are caused by bending or torsional loads.
C) They are more common in adults than children.
D) both A and B
E) all of the above
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding bone growth is true?
A) Longitudinal growth continues only as long as the epiphyses exist.
B) Circumferential growth continues throughout most of the lifespan.
C) both A and B are true
D) neither A nor B is true
Q3) Which of the following is/are known risk factor(s) for developing osteoporosis?
A) smoking
B) calcium deficiency
C) excessive caffeine consumption
D) all of the above
Q4) A condition of reduced bone mineral density that predisposes the individual to fractures is called ___________________.
Q6) Bone ______________ refers to the increase in bone mass. Page 6
Q5) An epiphyseal injury can terminate __________________ bone growth.
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Page 7
Chapter 5: The Biomechanics of Human Skeletal
Articulations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Damaged articular cartilage can typically heal or regenerate on its own.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Studies show that PNF techniques can significantly increase joint range of motion after a single stretching session.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which statement(s) is/are true?
A) Exercise can increase the size and strength of tendons.
B) Exercise can increase the size and strength of ligaments.
C) Exercise can increase the strength of tendon junction with a bone.
D) both A and B
E) all of the above
Q4) The term "hypermobile" is used to describe what?
A) a joint with an unusually large range of motion
B) a joint with an unusually small range of motion
C) a gymnast
D) a sprinter
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Q5) A series of quick, bouncing-type stretches is called __________________ stretching.
Chapter 6: The Biomechanics of Human Skeletal Muscle
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is/are characteristic of fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic fibers?
A) Contraction speed is intermediate (faster than type I but slower than type IIB).
B) Fatigue rate is intermediate (faster than type I but slower than type IIB).
C) both A and B
D) none of the above
Q2) Hamstring strains are slow to heal and have a high incidence of reoccurrence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements is/are true?
A) Pennate muscles are capable of producing more tension per unit of cross-sectional area than parallel muscles.
B) Parallel muscles are capable of producing more range of motion than pennate muscles.
C) Both A and B are true.
D) Neither A nor B is true.
Q4) List and describe four common muscle injuries.
Q5) Graphically display the force-velocity relationship including explanation.
Q6) Explain the four roles assumed by muscles.
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Chapter 7: The Biomechanics of the Human Upper Extremity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which scapula muscles perform as stabilizers during crutch walking?
A) elevators
B) depressors
C) adductors
D) abductors
Q2) Which of the following acts on more than 1 digit?
A) abductor pollicis longus
B) extensor indicis
C) flexor digitorum profundus
D) extensor digiti minimi
Q3) Muscles located where will cause flexion of the humerus?
A) anterior to the longitudinal axis of the glenohumeral joint
B) anterior to the mediolateral (frontal) axis of the glenohumeral joint
C) superior to the anteroposterior axis of the glenohumeral joint
D) anterior to the mediolateral (frontal) axis of the humeroulnar joint
Q4) What is/are the purpose(s) of the scapula muscles?
A) stabilize the scapula
B) move the scapula
C) both A and B
D) none of the above
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Chapter 8: The Biomechanics of the Human Lower Extremity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss anterior cruciate ligament injuries, including probable causes, most commonly affected persons, symptoms and treatment options.
Q2) What is the anatomical name for the big toe?
A) pollicis
B) hallux
C) digiti maximi
D) digiti minimi
Q3) What is/are the purpose(s) of the patella?
A) increase the angle between the tendon and tibia
B) increase the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps
C) to protect the anterior aspect of the knee
D) all of the above
Q4) Which of the following is/are two-joint muscle(s)?
A) rectus femoris
B) sartorius
C) pectineus
D) both A and B
E) all of the above
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Q5) Describe iliotibial band friction syndrome, including affected area, symptoms and probable causes.
Chapter 9: The Biomechanics of the Human Spine
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following vertebral regions has the best range of motion?
A) cervical
B) thoracic
C) lumbar
D) sacral
Q2) Which of the following spinal curves are referred to as primary curves?
A) the thoracic and cervical curves
B) the cervical and lumbar curves
C) the cervical and sacral curves
D) the thoracic and sacral curves
Q3) A typical geriatric disc has a fluid content that is reduced by approximately how much?
A) 5%
B) 35%
C) 50%
D) 85%
Q4) From superior to inferior, there are 7 ___________________ vertebrae, 12 ___________________ vertebrae, 5 ___________________ vertebrae, 5 ___________________ vertebrae, and 4 ___________________ vertebrae.
Q5) The term "slipped disc" is often used to describe a ___________________ disc.
Page 12
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Chapter 10: Linear Kinematics of Human Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Marion Jones changes her velocity from 8 m/s to 11 m/s. Gail Devers changes hers from 7 m/s to 10 m/s. Who has the higher acceleration?
A) Marion
B) Gail
C) acceleration equal for both
D) need more information
Q2) The negative sign in front of the acceleration due to gravity (-9.81 m/s<sup>2</sup>) can mean which of the following?
A) the projectile is traveling down and speeding up (negative direction)
B) the projectile is traveling up and slowing down (negative acceleration)
C) both A and B
D) none of the above
Q3) The Greek letter (delta) is used to represent what?
A) time
B) displacement
C) distance
D) change in
Q4) The highest point in the trajectory of a projectile is the ___________________.
Q5) When acceleration is 0, velocity is ___________________.
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Chapter 11: Angular Kinematics of Human Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a correct formula for angular velocity?
A) = f/t
B) w = f/t
C) w = q/t
D) = q/t
Q2) Provide the formula which relates linear to angular velocity, including the rules that apply to the formula and an example in sport, dance or rehabilitation where the formula is applicable.
Q3) When the second hand on a clock makes a complete revolution, which of the following is/are true?
A) angular distance is 360°
B) angular displacement is 0°
C) angular velocity is 6 deg/s
D) both A and B
E) all of the above
Q4) An angle formed by a body segment with respect to horizontal is what?
A) relative angle
B) absolute angle
C) acute angle
D) none of the above
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Chapter 12: Linear Kinetics of Human Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the conservation of mechanical energy, including the appropriate formula related to an example in sport, dance or rehabilitation.
Q2) Negative mechanical work involves which of the following?
A) net torque and angular motion are same direction
B) net torque and angular motion are in different directions
C) concentric muscle contraction
D) none of the above
Q3) Which of the following is/are true statement(s) regarding the law of gravitation?
A) All bodies are attracted to one another with a force proportional to the product of their masses.
B) All bodies are attracted to one another with a force inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
C) The law of gravitation ceases to exist outside the earth's atmosphere.
D) both A and B
E) all of the above
Q4) Newton's law of ___________________ can be restated as the conservation of
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Chapter 13: Equilibrium and Human Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is true regarding moment arm?
A) Moment arm is largest when the angle of pull on a bone is 90°.
B) Changes in moment arm directly affect joint muscle torque.
C) For torque to remain constant, more force must be produced when moment arm decreases.
D) both A and B
E) all of the above
Q2) Which of the following can increase base of support?
A) widen stance
B) add more points of contact (i.e. 3-point stance to 4-point stance)
C) both A and B
D) none of the above
Q3) Torque is the product of force and the perpendicular distance from the force to the axis, also known as the ___________________ ___________________.
Q4) A seesaw is an example of which class of lever?
A) 1<sup>st</sup> class
B) 2<sup>nd</sup> class
C) 3<sup>rd</sup> class
D) not a lever
Q5) The ability to control equilibrium defines ___________________.
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Angular Kinetics of Human Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) During skilled performance of a throw or strike, momentum is generally transferred from the more proximal segments to the more distal segments.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What has historically been referred to as centrifugal force, is really just inertia.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following quantities increases as moment of inertia decreases during the airborne phase of a dive?
A) angular momentum
B) angular velocity
C) both A and B
D) neither A nor B
Q4) How many principle axes are there for the human body?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
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Chapter 15: Human Movement in a Fluid Medium
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Sample Questions
Q1) List the 3 types of drag, including the factors that affect each type.
Q2) A body will experience a greater buoyant force in salt water than fresh water because salt water has a greater ___________________.
Q3) Explain the Bernoulli principle.
Q4) Fresh water is more dense than which of the following?
A) sea water
B) air
C) muscle
D) none of the above
Q5) Ski jumpers attempt to do which of the following?
A) increase lift and increase drag
B) increase lift and decrease drag
C) decrease lift and decrease drag
D) decrease lift and increase drag
Q6) Which of the following quantities are forces?
A) friction
B) buoyancy
C) weight
D) all of the above
Q7) Discuss the Magnus effect, providing examples.
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