Biology I Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Biology I is an introductory course that explores the fundamental principles of living organisms and life processes. Topics covered include the structure and function of cells, basic biochemistry, genetics, evolution, and an overview of biological diversity. Students will also examine the mechanisms of heredity, cellular metabolism, and the interrelationships between organisms and their environments. This course lays the groundwork for further study in the biological sciences by emphasizing scientific inquiry, critical thinking, and laboratory skills.
Recommended Textbook
Campbell Essential Biology 6th Edition by Eric J. Simon
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29 Chapters
1538 Verified Questions
1538 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction: Biology Today
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Sample Questions
Q1) Information flow in biological systems is necessary for negative or regulative feedback to operate.Which of these examples does NOT involve flow of information providing feedback?
A)Heat receptors send signals to promote sweating.
B)Low blood sugar causes the liver to convert starch to sugar to be released in the blood.
C)Drought kills many trees.
D)Bacterial genes for breaking down lactose are activated in the presence of lactose.
Answer: C
Q2) Regulation in biological systems depends on feedback,which is an example of information flow.When diabetes destroys insulin-producing cells,what information flow is disrupted?
A)The body is unable to send signals that indicate the amount of sugar in the blood.
B)Cells in the bladder are no longer able to send signals when the bladder fills.
C)The pancreas is unable to produce enzymes to break down proteins.
D)Appetite signals no longer regulate feeding.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Essential Chemistry for Biology
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Q1) As water freezes,________.
A)its molecules move farther apart
B)it cools the surrounding environment
C)its hydrogen bonds break apart
D)it loses its polarity
Answer: A
Q2) In the following reaction,what type of bond is holding the two atoms together? K+Cl
K + Cl KCl
A)hydrophilic
B)ionic
C)hydrophobic
D)covalent
Answer: B
Q3) Adjacent water molecules are joined by ________ bonds.
A)covalent only
B)ionic
C)polar and covalent
D)hydrogen
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Molecules of Life
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Q1) A friend of yours appears to have put on a lot of muscle very quickly.At the same time,you notice that your friend seems to have a lot of mood swings and appears depressed.It is reasonable for you to suspect that your friend has begun to take
A)amino acid supplements
B)creatine
C)protein powder
D)an anabolic steroid
Answer: D
Q2) Complete the equation: monosaccharide + monosaccharide ________ + water
A)disaccharide
B)polypeptide
C)polysaccharide
D)fat
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell
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Q1) Which plant organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
A)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B)mitochondrion
C)ribosome
D)chloroplast
Q2) Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?
A)regulate the traffic of chemicals in and out of the cell
B)regulate the production of lipids in the cell
C)regulate the production of DNA in and out of the nucleus
D)regulate the production of proteins in the cell
Q3) Vacuoles are ________.
A)membranous sacs
B)manufactured by ribosomes
C)composed of microtubules
D)found only in plant cells
Q4) The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ________.
A)nucleoli
B)RNA
C)chromatin
D)ribosomes
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Chapter 5: The Working Cell
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Q1) What molecules are scientists currently trying to use to power nanotechnology devices,such as microscopic robots?
A)DNA
B)Enzymes
C)Lipids
D)Cell membranes
Q2) Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach.Which of the following processes could be responsible for its secretion?
A)endocytosis
B)exocytosis
C)phagocytosis
D)passive transport
Q3) Which of the following is a measure of randomness in a system?
A)entropy
B)kinetic energy
C)potential energy
D)chemical energy
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Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy From Food
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Q1) Several students were talking about which came first in the history of the Earth.Which student has the best understanding of what happened?
A)Photosynthetic producers must have come first to provide food for other organisms.
B)Anaerobic bacteria must have come first because there was no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
C)Photosynthetic producers must have come first to provide oxygen for other organisms.
D)Anaerobic organisms must have come first because there was no oxygen in the atmosphere.
Q2) When oxygen delivery becomes insufficient to support a runner's aerobic metabolism,cells switch to an emergency mode in which ________.
A)ATP is generated less efficiently by harvesting the heat energy in a cell
B)ATP is inefficiently produced and lactic acid is generated as a by-product
C)lactic acid is broken down to produce smaller amounts of ATP
D)carbon dioxide is joined with water to generate much smaller amounts of ATP
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Chapter 7: Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food
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Q1) Which of these is NOT considered an advantage of biofuels from food crops?
A)reduced carbon emissions
B)a renewable resource
C)increased fuel efficiency
D)increased crop prices
Q2) Which of the following BEST describes the direct mechanism of ATP production during photosynthesis?
A)use of the energy generated as hydrogen ions (H )move up a proton gradient; this energy is used to make ATP
B)use of the energy released as excited electrons are passed from one molecule to another in the electron transport system; the energy is converted to the chemical bond energy of ATP
C)use of the energy stored in excited electrons; as the electrons move from the excited state to the ground state,the energy released is converted to the energy stored in the third phosphate bond in ATP
D)use of the energy stored in hydrogen ion (H )gradients; the potential energy of the proton gradient is released as the protons move down their gradient through special membrane protein channels; this energy is converted to chemical bond energy in the ATP molecule
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Cellular Reproduction: Cells From Cells
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Q1) Chromosomes that do NOT determine the sex of an individual are called ________.
A)homologous chromosomes
B)nonhomologous chromosomes
C)sex chromosomes
D)autosomes
Q2) Sexual reproduction in humans ________.
A)allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell
B)produces a haploid individual
C)produces an individual with 23 chromosomes
D)combines two diploid gametes,producing a zygote
Q3) The mitotic cell cycle results in the production of ________.
A)four cells,each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information
B)two cells,each with the same amount of genetic material but with different genetic information
C)two cells,each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information
D)four cells,each with the same amount of genetic material but with different genetic information
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Chapter 9: Patterns of Inheritance
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Q1) What name is given to the specific location of a gene on a chromosome?
A)locus
B)phenotype
C)genotype
D)allele
Q2) Linked genes are usually ________.
A)found on the X chromosome
B)found on the Y chromosome
C)codominant
D)located close together on a chromosome
Q3) An individual heterozygous for cystic fibrosis ________.
A)cannot have children with cystic fibrosis
B)is a carrier
C)will have children who are all carriers of cystic fibrosis
D)has cystic fibrosis
Q4) What is the basis of Mendel's laws?
A)the behavior of chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis only
B)the behavior of chromosomes during mitotic anaphase
C)the behavior of chromosomes during prophase I and prophase II of meiosis
D)the behavior of chromosomes during metaphase I and anaphase I of meiosis
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Chapter 10: The Structure and Function of Dna
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Q1) The mutation would be most harmful to the cells if it resulted in ________.
A)a single nucleotide insertion near the start of the coding sequence
B)a single nucleotide deletion near the end of the coding sequence
C)a single nucleotide in the middle of an intron
D)deletion of a triplet near the middle of the gene
Q2) The DNA codon AGT codes for an amino acid carried by a tRNA with the anticodon
A)TCU
B)AGU
C)TCA
D)AGT
Q3) Scientific research companies sell kits that allow researchers to produce proteins in test tubes via a process known as "in vitro translation." Which one of following components is NOT needed in these kits?
A)amino acids
B)transfer RNA
C)DNA
D)ribosomes
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Chapter 11: How Genes Are Controlled
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Q1) Male tortoiseshell cats ________.
A)do not have an X chromosome
B)have orange and black patches of fur that reflect the pattern of X chromosome inactivation
C)are usually XYY individuals
D)are likely to be exceedingly rare and very likely to be sterile since normal male cats are XY
Q2) Homeotic genes ________.
A)have very different sequences in plant cells as compared to animal cells
B)are an example of convergent evolution
C)are evidence of the common ancestry of eukaryotic organisms
D)regulate gene expression in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Q3) Cells communicate with one another via ________.
A)cascades of gene activation
B)the diffusion of RNA transcripts through adhesion junctions
C)signal transduction pathways
D)RNA splicing
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Chapter 12: DNA Technology
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Q1) Which enzyme is used to bind DNA fragments together?
A)restriction enzyme
B)lysozyme
C)DNA ligase
D)DNA polymerase
Q2) Of the following,which is the last step in the production of a recombinant DNA plasmid?
A)cloning
B)using DNA ligase to join DNA fragments
C)cutting the gene of interest into fragments
D)allowing the reproduction of the bacterium bearing the recombinant plasmid
Q3) What can you conclude from the data in the graph?
A)Corn borers are less likely to survive if they eat Bt corn compared to non-Bt corn.
B)Mites have the highest percent mortality of the arthropods studied.
C)Beetles are more likely to survive than mites when fed Bt corn.
D)Bt corn affects the mortality of all three arthropods equally.
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Chapter 13: How Populations Evolve
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Q1) Which of the following is the most likely explanation for a particular human population with a higher incidence of polydactyly (extra fingers/toes)than the human population as a whole?
A)directional selection
B)disruptive selection
C)founder effect
D)bottleneck effect
Q2) While on the Beagle,Darwin was influenced by a book by Charles Lyell that suggested that Earth was ________ and sculpted by geologic processes that ________ today.
A)old...continue
B)old...no longer occur
C)young...continue
D)young...no longer occur
Q3) Gene flow is accomplished by ________.
A)migration
B)sexual recombination
C)mutation
D)natural selection
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Chapter 14: How Biological Diversity Evolves
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Q1) Which of the following is the strongest piece of evidence for why some scientists believe that we are at the start of a sixth mass extinction?
A)decrease in biodiversity
B)decrease in fossil discoveries
C)decrease in allopatric species
D)decrease in hybrid fertility
Q2) Applying the biological species concept,the sterility of ligers reveals that ________.
A)a new species called "ligers" is forming
B)tigers and lions are actually the same species
C)tigers and lions are separate species
D)lions are probably a subspecies of tigers
Q3) Analogous structures are evidence of ________.
A)common ancestry
B)divergent evolution
C)stabilizing selection
D)convergent evolution
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Chapter 15: The Evolution of Microbial Life
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Q1) What is a potential benefit of testing indoor and outdoor sites as well as sites with heavy flooding and light flooding?
A)There is no benefit associated with testing in multiple sites.
B)Testing multiple sites takes less time and requires less equipment.
C)Testing multiple sites allows for fewer scientists to be exposed to the air endotoxins.
D)The data collected would allow scientists to compare endotoxin levels under multiple conditions.
Q2) Which prokaryotic group is most closely related to eukaryotes?
A)Bacteria
B)Protista
C)Archaea
D)Bacteria and Archaea are equally closely related.
Q3) The first organisms to colonize land were
A)plants,protists,and insects
B)plants,fungi,and insects
C)bacteria,plants,and fungi
D)protists,bacteria,and fungi
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Chapter 16: The Evolution of Plants and Fungi
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Q1) Exploring in the tropics,you discover a nonvascular plant that produces pollen.What type of plant have you discovered?
A)an angiosperm
B)a fern
C)a bryophyte
D)an entirely new type that you will get to name
Q2) Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A)Rainforests regenerate slowly and cannot sustain slash-and-burn clearing.
B)Humans depend on plants for food,wood,and medicines.
C)Only a fraction of plant species have been tested as potential medicine sources.
D)Local knowledge of rainforest plant communities has no impact on the production of new medicines.
Q3) In angiosperms,what structures house female gametophytes?
A)stigmas
B)petals
C)ovules
D)sepals
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Chapter 17: The Evolution of Animals
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Q1) According to this evolutionary tree,approximately how many years ago did humans and orangutans share a common ancestor?
A)1 million years ago
B)7 million years ago
C)12 million years ago
D)20 million years ago
Q2) Which of these human characteristics is hypothesized to have evolved first?
A)enlarged brain
B)erect posture
C)language
D)loss of body hair
Q3) The common ancestor of all animals is likely to have been a ________.
A)colonial,flagellated protist
B)colonial,ciliated protist
C)colonial,flagellated bacterium
D)sponge
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Chapter 18: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
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Q1) What are estuaries?
A)types of freshwater biomes
B)areas near the start of a river
C)regions where ocean meets land
D)transition areas between a river and the ocean
Q2) What term applies to the physical and physiological changes experienced by astronauts who spend months in space?
A)acclimation
B)adaptation
C)camouflaging
D)flagging
Q3) In the oceans,global warming has ________.
A)decreased the amount of oxygen available
B)benefited corals
C)made the water more basic
D)made the water more acidic
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Chapter 19: Population Ecology
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Q1) If all populations occupy different areas that are approximately the same size,which population will have the lowest density after 3 years?
A)Population A
B)Population B
C)Population C
D)After 3 years,all three populations will have the same density.
Q2) Over time,the populations of most species ________.
A)fluctuate
B)increase rapidly,crash,and never recover
C)continuously increase
D)exhibit boom-and-bust cycles
Q3) If this trend continues,what do you predict that the populations will look like decades from 2014?
A)There will be more older individuals than working-age individuals.
B)There will be more children than older individuals.
C)There will be more older individuals than children.
D)There will be more working-age individuals than older ones.
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21
Chapter 20: Communities and Ecosystems
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Q1) Humans,mosquitoes,and Plasmodium together would be considered a(n)________.
A)population
B)community
C)ecosystem
D)population and community
Q2) In the food chain grass antelope human lion,the antelope is ________.
A)both an herbivore and a secondary consumer
B)both a producer and a primary consumer
C)both an herbivore and a primary consumer
D)a secondary consumer only
Q3) E.O.Wilson coined the term ________ for our innate appreciation of wild environments and living organisms.
A)bioremediation
B)bioethics
C)biophilia
D)biophobia
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Chapter 21: Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function
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Q1) To communicate the results of the experiment best,how should the scientist graph the data?
A)Use a bar graph with oxygen consumption on the x-axis and temperature on the y-axis.
B)Use a line graph with day on the x-axis and temperature on the y-axis.
C)Use a line graph with temperature on the x-axis and oxygen consumption on the y-axis.
D)Use a bar graph with temperature on the x-axis and oxygen consumption on the y-axis.
Q2) The basic unit of nervous tissue is the ________.
A)dendrite
B)axon
C)neuron
D)brain
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a true statement about organs?
A)An organ represents a higher level of structure than the tissues composing it.
B)An organ consists of several tissues.
C)An organ can carry out only the functions of its component tissues.
D)An organ consists of many cells.
Page 23
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Chapter 22: Nutrition and Digestion
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Q1) The main function of salivary amylase is to ________.
A)moisten food
B)break down proteins
C)absorb nutrients
D)break down starch
Q2) Which of the following choices lists the organs of the human alimentary canal in the CORRECT order?
A)pharynx,oral cavity,esophagus,stomach,large intestine
B)oral cavity,pharynx,esophagus,stomach,small intestine,large intestine
C)esophagus,pharynx,stomach,large intestine,small intestine
D)oral cavity,esophagus,stomach,large intestine,small intestine
Q3) What is the epiglottis?
A)a muscle that moves the esophagus into line with the pharynx during swallowing
B)a muscle that moves the trachea out of line with the pharynx during swallowing
C)a flap that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing
D)a muscular sphincter that closes off the entry to the trachea during swallowing
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Page 24
Chapter 23: Circulation and Respiration
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Q1) Which of these carry(ies)oxygen-poor blood?
A)pulmonary arteries
B)pulmonary veins
C)aorta
D)left ventricle
Q2) In a human,the ________ provide(s)a common passageway for both food and air.
A)bronchioles
B)trachea
C)pharynx
D)alveoli
Q3) The basic rhythm of the heartbeat is set by the ________.
A)systolic pressure
B)EKG
C)sinoatrial node
D)"fight-or-flight" hormone
Q4) Animals need O because it ________.
A)plays a role in obtaining energy from food
B)helps animals synthesize proteins
C)is necessary to make CO
D)is needed to deliver hemoglobin to the cells of an animal's body
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Chapter 24: The Bodys Defenses
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Q1) A primary immune response is the ________.
A)production of primary-type antibodies in the first day of exposure to a microorganism
B)immune response elicited by the second exposure of lymphocytes to a particular antigen
C)immune response elicited by the first exposure of lymphocytes to a particular antigen
D)immune response elicited by the first exposure of memory cells to a particular antigen
Q2) Which of the following cells would be active during an immune response to a viral infection?
A)natural killer cells,only
B)phagocytic cells,only
C)T cells,only
D)all of these cell types
Q3) One kind of vaccine consists of a solution containing ________.
A)antibodies
B)horse serum
C)B cells
D)a harmless variant of a disease-causing microbe
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Chapter 25: Hormones
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Q1) Which of the following choices INCORRECTLY pairs an endocrine gland or hormone with an aspect of metabolism that it regulates?
A)TSH-thyroid hormone
B)pancreas-blood glucose levels
C)prolactin-blood potassium levels
D)ovary-female sexual characteristics
Q2) As this boxer is finishing his fight,which of these hormone is NOT likely to be elevated?
A)adrenalin
B)ADH
C)insulin
D)androgens
Q3) Hyposecretion of ________ may inhibit your response to stress.
A)ACTH
B)insulin
C)HGH
D)prolactin
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Chapter 26: Reproduction and Development
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Q1) Which one of the following is a result of programmed cell death?
A)formation of fingers in humans
B)gastrulation
C)formation of the notochord
D)formation of the brain
Q2) Where in a woman's reproductive tract does fertilization most often take place?
A)in the ovary
B)in the oviduct
C)in the follicle
D)in the uterus
Q3) Which one of the following statements is TRUE?
A)Natural family planning is one of the most reliable forms of birth control.
B)Morning-after pills are about 25% effective at preventing pregnancy.
C)Tubal ligation prevents ovulation.
D)A vasectomy involves removing a section of each vas deferens.
Q4) The lifeline between the embryo and the placenta ________.
A)is derived from the yolk sac
B)is derived from the amnion
C)is called the "chorion"
D)is called the "umbilical cord"
Page 28
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Chapter 27: Nervous,Sensory,and Locomotor Systems
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Q1) Eyes can become bloodshot when irritants in the eye trigger an increased blood flow to the connective tissue covering the eye.These swollen blood vessels are located on the
A)cornea
B)sclera
C)iris
D)lens
Q2) Some adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)have abnormally low activity of the neurotransmitter involved in pleasure,attention,memory,sleep,movement,and learning,which increases their risk of drug abuse.Which drug are they most likely to abuse?
A)cocaine
B)morphine
C)codeine
D)alcohol
Q3) A neuron can relay a more intense signal by ________.
A)sending a stronger action potential
B)sending more action potentials in a given amount of time
C)sending an action potential that travels more quickly
D)sending a longer action potential
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Chapter 28: The Life of a Flowering Plant
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Q1) Water lily shoots and roots have very little structural support because this support is not needed in aquatic habitats.What structures would you be LEAST likely to see in a water lily stem?
A)epidermis
B)parenchyma
C)sclerenchyma
D)tracheids
Q2) Which of the following is a function of parenchyma cells? I)food storage II)photosynthesis
III)divide and develop to become other types of cells
A)I
B)II
C)III
D)I,II,and III
Q3) The ________ enclose and protect the flower bud,while the ________ advertise the flower to insects and other pollinators.
A)anthers...petals
B)carpels...stigmata
C)sepals...stamens
D)sepals...petals
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Chapter 29: The Working Plant
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Q1) Which one of the following is a plant micronutrient?
A)iron
B)oxygen
C)sulfur
D)phosphorus
Q2) Which of the following convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium?
A)nitrifying bacteria
B)nitrogen-fixing bacteria
C)mycorrhizae
D)ammonifying bacteria
Q3) If Wents placed his agar blocks only halfway on the cut surfaces of grass shoots with their tips removed,what should he have observed?
A)The grass shoot would not grow toward a light.
B)The grass shoot would grow toward a light when the agar block was on the side of the grass that was facing the light.
C)The grass shoot would grow toward a light when the agar block was on the side of the grass that was shaded from the light.
D)The grass shoot would grow toward a light no matter which direction the light was coming from.
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