Course Introduction
Biology for Non-majors Pre-Test Questions
Biology for Non-majors introduces fundamental concepts of biological science, emphasizing the relevance of biology to everyday life. The course covers basic principles such as cell structure and function, genetics, evolution, ecology, and the diversity of living organisms. Designed for students who are not majoring in the sciences, it focuses on developing scientific literacy, critical thinking skills, and an appreciation for the biological processes that shape our world. Laboratory or hands-on activities may be included to reinforce concepts and promote active engagement with biological phenomena.
Recommended Textbook
Plants and Society 7th Edition by Estelle Levetin
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26 Chapters
1356 Verified Questions
1356 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Plants in Our Lives
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The consumption of meat by humans indirectly makes them
A)primary consumers.
B)secondary consumers.
C)primary producers.
D)secondary producers.
E)herbivores.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following secondary compounds are structurally similar to neurotransmitters and are mostly psychoactive?
A)saponins
B)tannins
C)flavonoids
D)terpenes
E)alkaloids
Answer: E
Q3) Whereas angiosperms produce seeds in _________,most gymnosperms produce seeds in _________.
Answer: fruits,cones
Q4) Amino acids differ from each other by the structure of their _________.
Answer: R-groups
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Chapter 2: The Plant Cell
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43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most specifically,ribosomes are produced in the A)chloroplasts.
B)nucleus.
C)nucleoli.
D)central vacuole.
E)rough endoplasmic reticula.
Answer: C
Q2) A plant plasma membrane is made up of __________ and __________.
A)cellulose ... lignin
B)phospholipids ... carbohydrates
C)phospholipids ... proteins
D)cellulose ... cholesterol
E)phospholipids ... cholesterol
Answer: C
Q3) Plant cell A is hypertonic to plant cell B)Which way will water flow?
A)From A to B
B)From B to A
C)Equally from B to A and A to B
D)There will be no flow of water whatsoever
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: The Plant Body
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48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) To what cells are companion cells companions?
A)sieve tube members
B)tracheids
C)vessel elements
D)epidermal cells
E)more than one of these
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata?
A)companion cells
B)trichomes
C)guard cells
D)vessel elements
Answer: C
Q3) The vascular tissue of a root is found in vascular bundles.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The cells in phloem involved in the conduction of sugars are _________ and _________.
Answer: sieve tube members;companion cells
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Chapter 4: Plant Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your tomato plants are stunted,older leaves are dark green,and there are patches of deep red pigmentation on the stems and leaves.Your tomato plant is suffering from ______ deficiency.
A)phosphorous
B)nitrogen
C)magnesium
D)calcium
E)copper
Q2) The oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>)from photosynthesis derives from the splitting of
A)CO<sub>2</sub>
B)ATP
C)NADPH
D)H<sub>2</sub>O
E)glucose
Q3) In what direction do dissolved sugars move in a plant?
A)upward towards the stomata
B)downward towards the roots
C)to areas in need of energy regardless of direction
D)upward during the day and downward at night
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Chapter 5: Plant Life Cycle: Flowers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a part of the ovule?
A)polar nuclei
B)synergids
C)extine
D)antipodals
Q2) Fly pollinated flowers are usually pale in color and give off a delicate scent only in the evenings.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following will develop into the male gametophyte?
A)anther
B)microspore
C)carpel
D)ovary
E)ovule
Q4) Meiosis results in the production of _______ haploid cells.
Q5) The pollen producing parts of a flower are called anthers.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The female gametophyte of flowering plants is called the ______.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Plant Life Cycle: Fruits and Seeds
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following structures is a protective sheath surrounding the epicotyl?
A)coleoptile
B)coleorhiza
C)scutellum
D)testa
E)caryopsis
Q2) The red color of tomatoes is mainly the result of the pigment
A)beta-carotene
B)anthocyanin
C)chlorophyll
D)lycopene
E)xanthophyll
Q3) Corn is a(n)
A)achene
B)caryopsis
C)multiple fruit
D)drupe
E)berry
Q4) During seed germination the _______ of the embryo emerges first.
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Chapter 7: Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Mendelian genetic crosses,a(n)_____ allele is only expressed in the homozygous condition.
A)recessive
B)dominant
C)homozygous
D)heterozygous
Q2) If a segment of DNA read CATGAGACT,the complementary transcribed sequence would read
A)CATGAGACT
B)GTACTCTGA
C)CAUGAGACU
D)GUACUCUGA
Q3) Somatic mutations are always passed along to offspring.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The result of polygenic inheritance is
A)continuous variation around a mean.
B)all heterozygous genotypes.
C)phenotypes that are distinct from each other.
D)novel phenotypic variations.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Plant Systematics and Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) When bent grass was transplanted to soils contaminated with heavy metals,what was the result?
A)all of the transplants perished
B)all of the transplants survived
C)most of the transplants survived;a few perished
D)most of the transplants perished;a few survived
Q2) What caused Darwin to rush into publication,On the Origin of Species in 1859?
A)a letter he received outlining a theory very similar to his B)fear of being ostracized by the Church of England
C)he was in ill health and wanted to publish before he died
D)he was deeply in debt and needed the money
Q3) What was Darwin's "job" aboard the HMS Beagle?
A)naturalist
B)surveyor
C)cook
D)companion to the captain
Q4) Species are fixed entities,unchanging over time.
A)True
B)False
Q5) __________ is the evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Diversity of Plant Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) The origin of angiosperms dates back to the Cambrian Period.
A)True
B)False
Q2) This tree is the only living species in its division,produces rancid smelling seeds,is dioecious,and is a Chinese symbol of good luck.This tree is
A)Gingko biloba
B)Pinus contorta
C)Cycas rumphii
D)Wollemia nobilis
Q3) The silica impregnated in the walls of club mosses gave rise to the name scouring rushes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) You find a primitive-looking plant with no leaves or true roots,branching stems with globose yellow sporangia.This plant is
A)a fern
B)Lycopodium
C)Equisetum
D)Psilotum
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Chapter 10: Human Nutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) The building blocks of carbohydrates are
A)monosaccharides.
B)amino acids.
C)fatty acids.
D)disaccharides.
E)more than one of thesE.
Q2) Which of the following is a disaccharide found in germinating grains?
A)lactose
B)maltose
C)galactose
D)sucrose
Q3) Which of the following statements is true about LDL?
A)it is a protein that carries cholesterol to cells
B)it removes excess cholesterol from tissues
C)it is the bad cholesterol
D)it is found in high quantities in palm and coconut oils
E)it helps prevent atherosclerosis
Q4) Breast-fed infants may have a higher risk for rickets.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Origins of Agriculture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true about the traditional !Kung foraging way of life?
A)their diet was mainly animal based
B)wild nut grass tubers were an important protein source
C)they did not consume enough calories to maintain their life style
D)women did most of the hunting while men engaged in warfare
E)their foraging activities averaged less than 3 days per week
Q2) Which of the following is true about foraging society diets?
A)they were almost all exclusively meat-based
B)they were almost all exclusively plant-based
C)they were almost all nutrient poor
D)they varied widely from one society to another
Q3) Archaeological evidence from the _______ reveals a relatively continuous evolution from foraging to farming and the first domestication of maize (corn).
A)Fertile Crescent
B)Kuk Swamp
C)Wadi Kubbaniya
D)Tehuacan Valley
E)Kalahari Desert
Q4) The ____________ is a site that has yielded the oldest agricultural evidence to date.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The Grasses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Botanically,what is the silk of maize?
A)the stamen filaments
B)the carpel styles
C)the carpel ovaries
D)the stamen anthers
Q2) In rice cultivation,what is winnowing?
A)draining of the fields to prepare for harvesting.
B)harvesting the plant using sickles
C)separating the grain from the chaff
D)freeing the grain from the outer bracts
Q3) Which of the following grains is a C4 plant and vegetatively looks similar to maize?
A)Secale cereale
B)Hordeum vulgare
C)Zea mays
D)Sorgum bicolor
E)Avena sativa
Q4) A major aim of current wheat breeding programs is resistance to _______ disease.
Q5) The condition in which an organism has more than the diploid number of chromosomes is known as _______.
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Chapter 13: Legumes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rhizobium and other nitrogen fixing bacteria can reduce atmospheric nitrogen to A)ammoniA.
B)ammonium.
C)nitrate.
D)nitrite.
E)all of thesE.
Q2) The base oil for biodiesel fuel is ______ oil.
A)sunflower
B)lesquerella
C)soy
D)tung
E)olive
Q3) Psophocarpus tetragonolobus is a potentially valuable legume because A)it grows rapidly and produces versatile wood.
B)the oil can be used for producing ink and a lubricant.
C)all parts of the plant are edible and nutritious.
D)it can grow in a wide variety of climates.
E)it can fix nitrogen without Rhizobium.
Q4) ____________ is a non-polluting fuel developed from vegetable oils that can substitute for petroleum derived products.
15
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Chapter 14: Starchy Staples
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Sample Questions
Q1) Grating and other methods of processing cassava are necessary to remove the toxin
Q2) Potato tubers that are planted must contain at least one A)seed.
B)bud.
C)root.
D)flower.
Q3) This misnamed staple was once known as sun root,does not contain starch,and is a weedy perennial in the sunflower family.This staple is A)potato.
B)taro.
C)cassava.
D)yam.
E)Jerusalem artichokE.
Q4) Which of the following is a corm that is steamed,crushed,and fermented to make poi?
A)cassava
B)yam
C)sweet potato
D)taro
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Feeding a Hungry World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Probably the most serious environmental factor limiting crop productivity is the A)use of GM plants.
B)evolution of pests resistant to pesticides.
C)increasing salinity of soils.
D)invasion of weeds from tropical areas.
Q2) Which of the following would be a strategy to stop genetic erosion?
A)collect seeds of traditional varieties for storage in a seed bank
B)introduce monoculture to maximize agricultural efficiency
C)introduction of industrialized agricultural techniques
D)limit agriculture to the cultivation of major domesticated crops
Q3) For many genetically engineered crops a plasmid from the bacterium _______ has been used as a vector to transfer foreign genes into the crop.
Q4) While some say the solution to human malnutrition and starvation is greater food production,critics say the real problem is
A)food distribution.
B)the practice of monocropping.
C)the use of GM crops.
D)growing traditional staple crops.
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Chapter 16: Stimulating Beverages
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Sample Questions
Q1) A variety of coffee tree resistant to coffee rust is
A)Castillo.
B)Arabica.
C)Oolong.
D)Canephora.
E)Liberica.
Q2) What was used as a tea substitute in the South during the Civil War?
A)yaupon holly
B)yerba mate
C)thea
D)coca cola
Q3) Paraguay tea was a true tea substitute consumed in the southern United States during the Civil War blockade.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What event caused the British to become tea drinkers?
A)the coffee rust epidemic of the late 19<sup>th</sup> century
B)the 1773 Boston Tea Party in the British colonies
C)the colonization of India by the British during the 18<sup>th</sup> century
D)the opium wars in China in the mid- 1800s
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Chapter 17: Herbs and Spices
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Ancient Greece,the "middlemen" who brought spices from the Far East to sell to and trade with the Greeks were _______ merchants.
A)Indian.
B)Chinese.
C)Hebrew.
D)Egyptian.
E)Arab.
Q2) Which of the following spices can cause hallucinations accompanied by vomiting,dizziness,and headaches?
A)turmeric
B)nutmeg
C)allspice
D)marjoram
E)oregano
Q3) Saffron is a spice derived from the stamens of crocus flowers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _______ and onion contain a sulfurous oil that impart a powerful taste and aroma which has a use as an antiseptic.
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Chapter 18: Materials: Cloth, Wood, and Paper
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a true statement about Bt cotton?
A)It is an insect toxin produced by the gene Cry1Ac.
B)It is effective against several bollworm pests of cotton.
C)It has greatly reduced the use of chemical pesticides.
D)In India,use of Bt cotton increased yields dramatically.
E)All of these are true statements about Bt cotton.
Q2) Gymnosperm resins are the source of the _______ used by musicians and baseball players.
Q3) Which of the following substances was not used in the standard method in 18<sup>th</sup> century England for bleaching cotton fibers?
A)lye
B)sour milk
C)cow dung
D)egg whites
E)all of these substances were used to bleach cotton fibers
Q4) The three basic techniques of basketry are: twining,coiling and _______________.
Q5) _______ and Douglas-fir are generally used for plywood.
Q6) _____ cloth was the indigenous fabric of Polynesia.
Q7) Viscose is associated with the production of _______.
Q8) ______ is the wood of choice for concert-quality clarinets,oboes and flutes. Page 20
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Page 21
Chapter 19: Medicinal Plants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two countries in which herbal medicine still plays an extensive role are China and India.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is a true statement about digitalis?
A)It is extracted from an herbaceous perennial.
B)The plant from which it is extracted is in the carnation family.
C)It is a cardioactive glycoside.
D)Its effect is to speed up the heart.
E)More than one of these statements is true about digitalis.
Q3) Which of the following is an effect of acetylsalicylic acid?
A)It relieves the symptoms of malariA.
B)It is useful in treating edema.
C)It can be used to treat liver damage.
D)It is effective in curing common headaches.
E)All of these are effects of salicylic acid.
Q4) Aloin is the poison used in blow darts and as an effective muscle relaxant during surgery.
A)True
B)False
Page 22
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Chapter 20: Psychoactive Plants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Morphine is an alkaloid found in the psychoactive plant
A)Papaver somniferum
B)Erythroxylum coca
C)Cannabis sativa
D)Nicotiana tabacum
E)Lophophora williamsii
Q2) Which of the following hallucinogenic plants is a cactus?
A)morning glory
B)peyote
C)nutmeg
D)marijuana
Q3) Laudanum is a tincture of alcohol and A)opium.
B)marijuana.
C)heroin.
D)peyote.
E)tobacco.
Q4) Secondary smoke from cigarettes has not been shown to pose a health risk.
A)True
B)False
Page 23
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Chapter 21: Poisonous and Allergy Plants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Medications that can control the symptoms of respiratory allergies are called antihistamines.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _______ is a natural insecticide from the roots of several tropical legumes that was originally used by indigenous peoples in South America to stun fish and make capture easier.
Q3) Studies of honeysuckle flowering over the last several decades show that
A)flowering is occurring earlier in spring with each decade.
B)the number of flowers being produced has decreased dramatically.
C)flowers have become progressively smaller.
D)flowering is occurring for shorter periods of time in the spring.
E)all of these events are occurring.
Q4) The monarch butterfly contains cardioactive glycosides obtained when the caterpillar stage fed on what poisonous plant?
A)poison hemlock
B)oleander
C)St.John's wort
D)milkweed
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Chapter 22: The Algae
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Sample Questions
Q1) Diatoms with bilateral symmetry are known as _______ diatoms.
Q2) In the life cycle of brown algae,meiosis specifically occurs in A)oogoniA.
B)antheridia.
C)the female thallus.
D)the male thallus.
E)more than one of thesE.
Q3) ______ have virtually indestructible shells of glass which have been used industrially for their polishing,filtering,and reflective properties.
Q4) ______ can be used as soil additive since it can act like a field of broken glass to discourage some microscopic garden pests.
Q5) Ulva is both
A)isogamous and heteromorphic.
B)anisogamous and heteromorphic.
C)anisogamous and isomorphiC.
D)isogamous and isomorphic.
E)oogamous and isomorphic.
Q6) In Fucus,the swollen areas at the ends of the blade are reproductive regions known as ________.
Page 25
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Chapter 23: Fungi in the Natural Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) To which group of fungi do the brewing and baking yeasts belong?
A)myxomycetes
B)basidiomycetes
C)ascomycetes
D)zygomycetes
E)imperfect fungi
Q2) The spore stage of the wheat rust fungus that can infect wheat from barberry is the:
A)spermatium
B)basidiospore
C)aeciospore
D)teliospore
E)uredospore
Q3) The scientific name for the wheat rust fungus is ______.
Q4) The spore stage of the wheat rust fungus that can infect barberry is the:
A)spermatium
B)basidiospore
C)aeciospore
D)teliospore
E)uredospore
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Chapter 24: Beverages and Foods From Fungi
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Q1) Quorn mycoprotein is a high-protein meat substitute obtained from the mycelium of a fungus.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Wormwood is used in the making of A)gin.
B)tequila.
C)absinthe.
D)cognac.
E)all of thesE.
Q3) In sake production,the sugars from the enzymatic breakdown of starch is called A)koji.
B)moto.
C)moromi.
D)tasukete.
E)itsu.
Q4) The enzyme in the liver that degrades alcohol to carbon dioxide and water is known as ________ _______.
Q5) A ______ wine has no residual sweetness since fermentation continues to completion.
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Chapter 25: Fungi That Affect Human Health
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Q1) A ringworm infection occurring on the scalp is called ______.
Q2) A ring-like membrane on the stalk of a mushroom is called a(n):
A)gill
B)scale
C)volva
D)annulus
E)mycelium
Q3) _______ are fungi that parasitize outer layers of the body-skin,hair,and nails.
Q4) Aflatoxins have been implicated in _______ cancer.
A)breast
B)bone
C)liver
D)pancreatic
E)colon
Q5) Tinea pedis is better known as ________.
Q6) During the Middle Ages,ergotism was called _______.
Q7) Antibiotics have ended the threat of bacterial diseases.
A)True
B)False
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Q8) Fungal toxins produced by the hyphae of common molds are called _______.
Chapter 26: Plant Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The biomass of tertiary consumers is terrestrial ecosystem is typically less than that of
A)primary producers.
B)primary consumers.
C)secondary consumers.
D)decomposers.
E)all of thesE.
Q2) The bison in the North American prairie and the zebra in the savanna of Africa are examples of:
A)ecological equivalents
B)abiotic factors
C)producers
D)decomposers
Q3) A biome characterized by permafrost is the A)tundrA.
B)chaparral.
C)boreal forest.
D)desert.
E)tropical rain forest.
Q4) 410 _______
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