Biology for Non-Majors Exam Review
Course Introduction
Biology for Non-Majors is an introductory course designed to provide students who are not pursuing a science degree with a comprehensive understanding of fundamental biological concepts. The course covers essential topics such as cell structure and function, genetics, evolution, ecology, and the diversity of life. Emphasis is placed on the application of biological principles to everyday life, fostering scientific literacy and critical thinking. Through lectures, discussions, and practical activities, students will gain an appreciation for the role of biology in society and the relevance of biological issues to global and personal challenges.
Recommended Textbook
Biology of Humans Concepts Applications and Issues 4th Edition by Judith Goodenough
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1618 Verified Questions
1618 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Humans in the World of Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) A document that lists all potential negative effects of participation in a study.
A)Adaptive trait
B)Ecosystem
C)Metabolism
D)Informed consent agreement
E)Hypothesis
F)Homeostasis
G)Theory
H)Critical thinking
I)Placebo
J)Epidemiologic studies
Answer: D
Q2) A(n)________ group is treated like an experimental group except for the one variable being tested.
Answer: control
Q3) All individuals of a species that can interbreed in an area are called a(n)________.
Answer: population
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Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes to Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) The compound magnesium chloride (MgCl2)turns into Mg++ and Cl- when placed in water.You can guess that the Mg and Cl atoms are held together normally by a(n)________ bond.
A)covalent
B)electronegative
C)hydrogen
D)ionic
Answer: D
Q2) Alteration of the ________ structure of a protein can transform the protein into an infectious agent known as a prion.
A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
Answer: B
Q3) Lipids that regulate metabolic processes in biological systems are called ________.
Answer: steroids
Q4) The ________ can be used to measure whether a substance is an acid or a base.
Answer: pH scale
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Chapter 3: The Cell
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these processes brings into the cell large macromolecules and particles by the formation of a vesicle in the outer membrane?
A)facilitated transport
B)endocytosis
C)pinocytosis
D)exocytosis
Answer: B
Q2) A reddish chemical,lipofuscin,is found in greater quantities in cells of older people than in those from younger people.This chemical should be broken down in the cells.Which specific type of organelle is not working as well in the seniors?
A)lysosomes
B)mitochondria
C)nuclei
D)rough endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: A
Q3) The organelle known as the ________ makes phospholipids.
Answer: smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Q4) Glycoproteins within the plasma membrane often have the function of ________. Answer: cell recognition
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Chapter 4: Body Organization and Homeostasis
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Sample Questions
Q1) The organ system that regulates and integrates body functions via neurons.
A)Nervous
B)Endocrine
C)Muscular
D)Skeletal
E)Integumentary
F)Lymphatic
G)Respiratory
H)Cardiovascular
I)Urinary
J)Reproductive
K)Digestive
Q2) What are the signs of skin cancer that distinguish it from other skin irregularities?
Q3) ________ glands secrete fluids that consist of water,salts,and metabolic wastes,but mainly function to regulate body temperature.
Q4) A tendon or ligament is made up principally of ________ tissue.
Q5) Under warm conditions,you will not have goose bumps because the arrector pili muscles ________.
Q6) Compare and contrast the three types of muscle tissue.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hormone ________ removes calcium from the blood and causes it to be stored in the bone.
Q2) The opening at the base of the cranium through which the spinal cord passes.
A)Carpals
B)Osteoclasts
C)Femur
D)Lumbar
E)Sacrum
F)Humerus
G)Tarsals
H)Metatarsals
I)Osteoblasts
J)Foramen magnum
K)Temporal
Q3) The main weight-bearing bone in the lower extremities is known as the ________.
A)fibula
B)tibia
C)pelvis
D)femur
Q4) The ________ is the site in long bones that stores fatty tissue used for energy.
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Chapter 6: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the result of resistance exercise?
A)Existing muscle cells increase in diameter.
B)The number of muscle cells increases.
C)More mitochondria develop.
D)New blood vessels develop.
Q2) The release of acetylcholine into the neuromuscular junction is shortly followed by the release of ________ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Q3) Turkey is often served at Thanksgiving meals in which family members vie for portions of white or dark meat.Why is the breast meat of a turkey considered white meat,while the darker meat is found in the leg muscles?
Q4) A band of connective tissue that aids in the attachment of muscle to bone is a(n)________.
Q5) Which of these muscle types permit voluntary movement?
A)cardiac
B)skeletal
C)smooth
D)All of the above permit voluntary movement
Q6) How do calcium ions affect muscle contractions?
Q7) Explain the function of ATP in muscle contractions.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Neurons: the Matter of the Mind
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Sample Questions
Q1) Synapse in which neurotransmitters decrease the chance of an action potential on the postsynaptic cell.
A)Synaptic knobs
B)Interneurons
C)Dendrite
D)Excitatory synapse
E)Motor neuron
F)Axon
G)Inhibitory synapse
H)Synapse
I)Sensory neuron
J)Ion channels
Q2) Inhaling or "huffing" is a way to achieve a high usually by breathing in a fat-soluble substance.Which of the following structures would be most likely attacked first?
A)myelin sheath
B)axon
C)neuron
D)dendrite
Q3) Explain the anatomy of a typical neuron.
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Chapter 8: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) This filters sensory input.
A)Corpus callosum
B)Pons
C)Thalamus
D)Somatic nervous system
E)Limbic system
F)Hypothalamus
G)Parasympathetic nervous system
H)Sympathetic nervous system
I)Reticular activating system
J)Autonomic nervous system
Q2) Heidi injured a ventral root below her ribs.What problem will she likely experience?
A)She will not be able to close her eyes.
B)She will become deaf.
C)She will lose all sense of touch in her abdomen.
D)She will have trouble walking.
Q3) Inflammation of the protective coverings of the brain and spinal cord is known as
Q4) Memory,emotions,and your sense of smell all meet in the ________.
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Chapter 9: Sensory Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these structures forms the channel that sound travels through to reach the eardrum?
A)auditory tube
B)external auditory canal
C)malleus
D)incus
Q2) This type of mechanoreceptor is found in the lips,nipples,and fingertips and helps us to precisely determine contact with something else.
A)free nerve endings
B)pacinian corpuscles
C)hair root plexus
D)Meissner's corpuscles
Q3) The shape of the lens of the eye can be changed to allow focusing on certain objects at different distances from the head.The structure that produces this shape change is the ________.
A)eyelid muscle
B)ciliary body
C)extrinsic muscle
D)papillary muscle
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Page 11
Chapter 10: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cancer cells often fail to respond to certain hormones because they lack these cell membrane features important in binding with that specific hormone.
A)DNAs
B)dockers
C)targets
D)receptors
Q2) A condition that occurs in adults in which there is an excess of growth hormone so that the bones thicken but do not lengthen.
A)Myxedema
B)Addison's disease
C)Diabetes insipidus
D)Adrenal medulla
E)Grave's disease
F)Cushing's syndrome
G)Cretinism
H)Diabetes mellitus
I)Acromegaly
Q3) The ________ are endocrine cells that occur in small clusters in the pancreas.
Q4) What are the possible effects of stress on the body?
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Chapter 11: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) A group of white blood cells that lacks granules.
A)White blood cells
B)Basophils
C)Formed elements
D)Red blood cells
E)Plasma
F)Plasmin
G)Stem cells
H)Granulocytes
I)Platelets
J)Agranulocytes
Q2) ________ is the group of white blood cells that lacks visible granules in the cytoplasm.Included in this group are monocytes and lymphocytes.
Q3) Platelets are formed by breaking off fragments from large cells called ________.
Q4) Infectious mononucleosis is caused by ________.
A)pernicious anemia
B)Epstein Barr virus
C)lead poisoning
D)blood doping
Q5) Explain the steps involved in the clotting process.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) A child is born with a hole in his heart between the left and right ventricles.This condition must be immediately corrected with surgery because the hole ________.
A)will cause the flow of blood to reverse in the heart
B)will allow blood to leak out of the heart and the child could bleed to death
C)will cause blood to flow in the reverse direction back into veins instead of the arteries
D)allows mixing of both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, which reduces oxygen delivery to tissues
Q2) In an EKG,the QRS wave indicates what?
A)first heart sound
B)electrical signal in the atria
C)second heart sound
D)electrical signal in the ventricles
Q3) Because the sinoatrial node sends out impulses that initiate each heartbeat,it is often referred to as the ________ of the heart.
Q4) A (an)________ is a recording of the electrical activities of the heart.
Q5) If the connective tissue in the ventricles,called ________,give way,blood may go backwards through the AV valves:
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Body Defense Mechanisms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Antibodies do all of these things except ________.
A)activate complement cascade
B)attract phagocytes
C)stimulate helper T cells
D)neutralize toxins
Q2) Line of defense in which the production of antibodies is involved.
A)Eosinophils
B)Autoimmune disorders
C)Third line of defense
D)Neutrophils
E)Plasma cells
F)Second line of defense
G)Cytotoxic T cells
H)First line of defense
I)Mast cells
Q3) ________ is the procedure in which a harmless form of an antigen is introduced in order to stimulate an immune response to that antigen.
Q4) Allergy shots require many injections over long periods of time to be effective.Why can't the body get over an allergy with just a couple of injections?
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Chapter 14: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________ is the total volume of air contained in the lungs after the deepest possible inhalation.
Q2) Sometimes premature babies suffer from respiratory distress syndrome.What substance would you administer in a breathing tube to the infant?
A)antibiotics
B)anti-inflammatory drugs
C)surfactant
D)hydrocortisone
Q3) The voice-producing structure located in the throat,known as the ________,also prevents food or objects from entering the lower respiratory system.
Q4) The maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during forceful breathing is called ________.
A)tidal volume
B)residual volume
C)vital capacity
D)total lung capacity
Q5) When oxygen is bound to a hemoglobin molecule in the red blood cells it forms ________.
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Chapter 15: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths,but early detection by screening for polyps can save many lives.
Q2) The region of the large intestine that when stretched stimulates the defecation reflex and allows for the passage of feces.
A)Gallbladder
B)Appendix
C)Stomach
D)Rectum
E)Esophageal cancer
F)Large intestine
G)Mouth
H)Cirrhosis
I)Small intestine
J)Salivary glands
Q3) Food traveling through the pharynx would next go to the ________.
Q4) If you had a friend with a peptic ulcer,would you recommend that he or she take aspirin for the pain? Why or why not?
Q5) The stomach is an extremely hostile place.What protects it from digesting itself?
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Chapter 16: The Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) When we wish to determine a patient's health using their urine,we perform this test.
A)Respiratory
B)Urinalysis
C)Urinary
D)Kidneys
E)Tubular secretion
F)Nephrons
G)Digestive
H)Urinary bladder
I)Urethra
J)Ureters
Q2) A 30-year-old female complains of frequent and painful urination.A urinalysis is performed and the results indicate the presence of bacteria in the urine.What problem does this woman have? From an anatomical perspective,explain to the patient why she is more likely to suffer from this disorder than her husband.What sort of treatment would be appropriate?
Q3) Filtrate moves from the space within the glomerular capsule to ________,the portion of the renal tubule with microvilli.
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18
Chapter 17: Reproductive Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) A male has been tested and his sperm seem to be normal.They are motile and seem to be surviving for the appropriate amount of time.However,the sperm don't seem to be able to fertilize an egg.What part of the sperm is most likely to be malfunctioning?
A)the tail
B)the head
C)the midpiece
D)the acrosome
Q2) ________ is a hormone produced by the seminiferous tubules that inhibits FSH from stimulating the production of sperm cells.
Q3) During a normal female reproductive cycle,the unique hormone produced only after ovulation is ________ made by the ________.
A)progesterone; corpus luteum
B)follicle stimulating hormone (FSH); anterior pituitary
C)gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH); hypothalamus
D)luteinizing hormone (LH); anterior pituitary
Q4) The ________ contains enzymes that spill out from the sperm and digest through the layers surrounding the secondary oocyte to assist fertilization.
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Chapter 18: Development Throughout Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Once the fertilized ovum has divided into two cells it is called the ________.
Q2) The ________ is a primary germ layer that gives rise to muscle,bone,connective tissue,and organs such as the heart,kidneys,ovaries,and testes.
Q3) Compare and contrast breast-feeding with bottle-feeding infants.
Q4) The pre-embryo becomes a hollow ball of cells with a fluid-filled cavity by about day 6 of development.This stage is called a ________.
A)blastocoel
B)morula
C)blastula
D)blastocyst
Q5) The ________ is an extraembryonic membrane that surrounds the embryo and serves to protect and cushion the embryo.
Q6) When two secondary oocytes are released from the ovaries and are fertilized by different sperm cells,it is called ________.
A)fraternal twins
B)identical twins
C)conjoined twins
D)clones
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Chapter 19: Chromosomes and Cell Division
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Sample Questions
Q1) This cell possesses only a single set of chromosomes.
A)Interphase
B)Telophase
C)Cytokinesis
D)Haploid
E)Metaphase
F)Gene
G)Anaphase
H)Crossing over
I)Anaphase I
Q2) A 42-year-old woman becomes pregnant.Her physician recommends amniocentesis (a test for fetal chromosomal disorders).When the results are analyzed by the laboratory,it is determined that the fetus has 47 chromosomes.Name and fully explain what caused this disorder.When the woman and her husband consult a genetic counselor,they are told that this problem is likely to have occurred in the woman's egg cells as opposed to her 50-year-old husband's sperm cells.Explain why.
Q3) The condition in which there is only one representative of a particular chromosome in a cell is called ________.
Q4) Compare and contrast the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis.
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Chapter 20: Genetics and Human Inheritance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Duplication can be advantageous for evolution,because while the correctly functioning DNA segment remains intact,duplication also provides new copies of genes that can be altered to new functions.Unfortunately,duplication can also result in human genetic disorders.Please provide an example of a human genetic disorder that occurs when certain DNA sequences are duplicated.
Q2) If someone were heterozygous for a recessive genetic illness,then they are
A)a carrier
B)pleiotropic
C)epistatic
D)allelic
Q3) What are the differences between complete dominance and codominance?
Q4) Which is a condition caused by a sex-linked inheritance in which a male child will bleed extensively because he lacks the physiological properties to form a blood clot?
A)color blindness
B)male-pattern baldness
C)hemophilia
D)sickle-cell disease
Q5) Why are pedigrees useful to track genetic disorders?
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Chapter 21: Dna and Biotechnology
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Q1) Gene therapy is being explored as a means of permanently correcting a defective gene to cure a disease rather than to merely treat symptoms with drugs.Ideally it would be best to correct these defective genes before a baby is even born.But if it's possible to change diseased genes,what about changing genes that regulate other characteristics like height or eye color? Would it be desirable to change the genes of babies for more cosmetic purposes?
Q2) The following is a part of a gene sequence: ATCAGC.What would the resulting product of transcription be?
A)TAGTCG
B)UAGUCG
C)GACGTC
D)CUGCUA
Q3) A group of identical organisms that are all descendants from a single ancestor is known as a(n)________.
Q4) Changes in the DNA are called ________.
Q5) Both DNA and RNA polymerases must be able to copy from a template strand with great accuracy.Still,either one can make mistakes that could lead to a mutation.For which one of these polymerases would a mistake be the most serious in the long term? Explain your answer.
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Chapter 22: Evolution and Our Heritage
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which suggests that life evolved from chemicals slowly increasing in complexity over a period of millions of years?
A)natural selection
B)creationism
C)gradualism
D)chemical evolution
Q2) Before contact with Europeans,the people of a tiny,isolated group of South Pacific islands had a population of around 50,000 people.Because of poor management of their own resources,the population fell to around 5000 by about the year 1750.When Europeans finally arrived,they brought smallpox and after the ensuing epidemic,only about 800 islanders were left alive.The unusual genetic makeup of the native population is due to what phenomenon?
A)genetic drift
B)bottleneck effect
C)gene flow
D)speciation
Q3) Explain the basic ideas of natural selection proposed by Charles Darwin.
Q4) What factors contribute to genetic variation in populations?
Q5) Discuss the major trends in hominin evolution.
Q6) The order of mammals to which humans belong is the ________.
Page 24
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Chapter 23: Ecology, the Environment, and Us
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Q1) The volcanic island Selkirk arose from the North Atlantic off Iceland in 1948.The first organisms to start living there are said to be ________.
A)central species
B)climax species
C)pioneer species
D)rogue organisms
Q2) When measuring the energy transfer between trophic levels,only the energy that makes up the dry weight of the body mass can be measured.This weight is known as
A)muscle
B)caloric intake
C)kilocalories
D)biomass
Q3) Rattlesnakes eat grain-eating rodents,so the snakes would be in which trophic level?
A)producers
B)primary consumers
C)decomposers
D)secondary consumers
Q4) What are the benefits of maintaining biodiversity?
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Chapter
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Q1) This type of chemical results in damage to the ozone layer of the stratosphere.
A)argon
B)chlorofluorocarbons
C)nitrogen
D)2,4 D
Q2) Underground water supplies within porous rock are called ________.
A)chambers
B)watersheds
C)aquifers
D)wasserlagen
Q3) In ________ countries the doubling time is often small.
Q4) This gas traps 20 times the heat that carbon dioxide does.
A)methane
B)argon
C)nitrogen
D)oxygen
Q5) Ozone in the atmosphere shields us from ________.
Q7) Overgrazing transforms marginal farmlands to deserts,a process called ________. Page 26
Q6) What difference does it make if you choose to eat a hamburger from a fast-food place rather than from a restaurant using locally grown beef?
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Chapter 25: Food Safety and Defense
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Q1) The agency responsible for the safety of drinking water is the ________.
A)U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
B)U.S. Food and Drug Administration
C)Food Safety and Inspection Service
D)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Q2) Food poisoning is the correct term to describe a gastrointestinal illness caused by ________.
A)viruses
B)chemicals
C)bacteria
D)All of the above are true.
Q3) Explain three things you can do at home to prevent foodborne illness.
Q4) Why is the process of irrigation with run-off water a bad practice? What measures should you take to protect yourself from acquiring a foodborne illness from crops?
Q5) Your father has always enjoyed his beef prepared rare.He remembers when he could order his hamburgers completely rare and does not understand why he is no longer able to do so in restaurants when steaks can still be prepared rare.Explain to him why it is acceptable to eat a rare steak but not a rare hamburger.
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Chapter 26: Drugs and the Mind
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Q1) If a person uses Percocet,a morphine relative,to which of these drugs might that person develop cross-tolerance?
A)ecstasy
B)cocaine
C)heroin
D)marijuana
Q2) Ergot,a fungus,contains a hallucinogenic drug that binds to serotonin receptors.The natural drug is most similar to ________.
A)THC
B)methamphetamine
C)LSD
D)morphine
Q3) While examining her patient's nose,Dr.Carlita Gonzales,an allergy specialist,noted a hole in the partition between the nasal cavities.The doctor suspects her patient is snorting which drug?
A)alcohol
B)marijuana
C)mescaline
D)cocaine
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Page 29
Chapter 27: Diabetes Mellitus
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Q1) Which of the following is true of diabetes mellitus type 1?
A)Patients always require insulin.
B)Cells become resistant to insulin.
C)Most people with diabetes mellitus have this form.
D)It can be delayed or prevented.
Q2) Which of the following is a likely side-effect of gestational diabetes?
A)impotence
B)preeclampsia
C)low blood pressure
D)low birth weight
Q3) You are worried about your friend Mary,a type 1 diabetic.She is nauseous,short of breath,tired,and confused.She says not to worry because she just has a case of the flu.What diagnostic test should you urge her to perform to make sure that there is nothing more serious going on?
A)blood bilirubin
B)urinary ketones
C)blood pressure
D)stress test for the heart
Q4) Summarize the origins and functions of insulin in the body.
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Chapter 28: a Cardiovascular Disease
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Q1) During the summer of 2010,there were very large forest fires in Western Russia.The cloud spread at some point over 1,000 miles (approximately 1600 km),enveloping a number of cities.The smoke was thicker than any you would see in a tobacco store! Based on the information in this chapter alone,why do you think the daily death rate due to heart disease in Moscow doubled during that time?
Q2) In which of these patients might Dr.Singh most appropriately prescribe a diuretic? The numbers represent their blood pressures.
A)6/66
B)20/80
C)25/75
D)60/90
Q3) Ashante is having surgery for a blocked coronary artery.The physician is inserting a catheter with a tiny balloon to open the blocked vessel.What is this procedure called and what else might the physician do to keep the artery open in the long term?
Q4) Viagra® works by dilating the arteries to the penis and other parts of the body.Why shouldn't a person use nitroglycerin at the same time that they are using Viagra®?
Q5) What are some ways that hypertension can kill?
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Chapter 29: a Special Topic: Infectious Disease
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26 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cholera is spread by contaminated food and water.The bacterium kills because it changes the permeability of the large intestinal cells.Which therapy would give the best chance of saving a person given the information in this chapter?
A)chemotherapy
B)radiation
C)fluid replacement
D)CT scans
Q2) A gentleman noticed a rash,forming a target-like design,on his arm.Subsequently,he developed pain and later arthritis.The bacterium that caused his condition was most likely spread by ________.
A)a mosquito
B)unprotected sex
C)uncooked food
D)a tick
Q3) Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium found in the bloodstream of small woodland rodents like mice or chipmunks,and is also found occasionally in deer.Yet humans get this disease without coming into direct contact with either rodents or deer.Explain the concept of a biological vector and discuss how humans contract Lyme disease.
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Chapter 30: a Nutrition and Weight Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 21-year-old,otherwise healthy person should be physically active about how many minutes per day to sustain weight loss?
A)30 - 45 minutes
B)120 minutes
C)20 - 30 minutes
D)60 - 90 minutes
Q2) Which of the following statements is correct?
A)There is no healthy minimum level of HDLs.
B)It is not possible to add extra hydrogen atoms to a polyunsaturated fat.
C)We need about 8 tablespoons of fat per day.
D)A blood cholesterol level of less than 200 mg/dl is recommended.
Q3) What are some specific health benefits of indigestible carbohydrates and where can a person find them?
Q4) If a certain brand of daily vitamin were to contain 600% of the minimum daily requirement of riboflavin,what risks would there be to those who take that brand?
A)liver damage
B)none known
C)scurvy
D)rickets
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Chapter 31: Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Aids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is it not possible for HIV medications to eliminate HIV in a confirmed HIV+ patient?
Q2) The term sexually transmitted infection is used to refer to infections ________.
A)caused by bacteria
B)caused by viruses
C)that cannot be treated
D)that have no symptoms
Q3) Concerning HIV,which of these statements is false?
A)HIV is a retrovirus.
B)HIV proofreads when copying its genetic material so mistakes are not made.
C)HIV must interact with a receptor on the host to infect it.
D)HIV utilizes the enzyme reverse transcriptase to copy its RNA to DNA.
Q4) Select two classes of HIV drugs and fully explain how they work.Can they cure HIV?
Q5) Which is the most reliable method for preventing both pregnancy and contraction of a sexually transmitted disease?
A)a condom
B)abstinence
C)sterilization
D)a diaphragm
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Chapter 32: Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not one of the diagnostic criteria for ASDs?
A)impairments in social behavior
B)impairments in communication
C)aggressive behaviors
D)repetitive behaviors
Q2) A large percentage of the public believes that vaccines have a role in the development of autism.What information would you use to explain to a friend that there is no scientific evidence to suggest that vaccines cause autism?
Q3) Based on the information presented in this chapter,you can conclude that the genetic basis of autism spectrum disorders must follow a ________ pattern of inheritance.
A)dominant
B)recessive
C)sex-linked
D)none of the above
Q4) Explain the two main types of studies that showed the genetic basis of ASDs.
Q5) What therapies can be used for those with ASDs?
Q6) Describe some of the environmental risk factors associated with ASDs.
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Chapter 33: Stem Cells a Repair Kit for the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following areas is not known to contain stem cells?
A)the skin
B)bone marrow
C)the umbilical cord
D)muscle
Q2) Explain how a stem cell line would be developed.
Q3) Before stem cell research was such a prominent topic in the news,many people were misinformed about embryonic stem cell research.Many people thought that this form of stem cell research could only be completed by collecting stem cells from electively aborted fetuses.Explain specifically where embryonic stem cells come from when used for research and why these cells would not typically be found in aborted fetuses.
Q4) Which of the following is not needed in a reproductive cloning procedure?
A)an egg cell
B)a diploid cell
C)a sperm cell
D)a surrogate mother
Q5) Most people assume that cloning refers only to whole organism or reproductive cloning.Explain how therapeutic cloning is different from reproductive cloning.
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Chapter 34: Cancer
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Sample Questions
Q1) An allele known as BRCA1 is often found in women with breast and ovarian cancer.However,some women develop these cancers and do not have the BRCA1 allele.In addition,some women who have BRCA1 never develop breast or ovarian cancer.How can this be explained?
A)This must be an example of pleiotropy.
B)These types of cancers are in no way associated with specific alleles.
C)Something other than the gene must factor into whether cancer develops.
D)The BRCA1 allele must be dominant.
Q2) Certain new cancer therapies deal with the inhibition of angiogenesis (formation of blood vessels).How would inhibition of blood vessel formation be beneficial in terms of treating cancer?
Q3) Explain why malignant tumors are more dangerous than benign tumors.
Q4) An oncologist (a physician that specializes in cancer)compares two biopsy samples by looking at the percentage of cells in mitosis.Sample #1 has 15% of cells in mitosis and Sample #2 has 8% of cells in mitosis.These samples are of the same tissue type.Which sample is likely to be cancerous and why? Why is it important that the two samples being compared came from the same tissue type?
Q5) How does chemotherapy work as a treatment for cancer? Why is it not always effective?
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