Biological Sciences
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Biological Sciences is an interdisciplinary field that explores the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms. This course provides a fundamental understanding of core biological principles, covering topics such as cellular biology, genetics, ecology, physiology, and evolution. Students will engage in both theoretical learning and practical laboratory experiences to develop critical thinking, analytical skills, and a comprehensive appreciation of the diversity of life. The course also examines the impact of biological research on society, medicine, and the environment, preparing students for advanced studies or careers in a variety of scientific and healthcare fields.
Recommended Textbook
Human Physiology From Cells to Systems 4th Canadian Edition by Lauralee Sherwood
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17 Chapters
4668 Verified Questions
4668 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Foundation of Physiology
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which progression represents the hierarchy of organization, from simplest to more complex
A)atom, cell, tissue, organ, system, organism
B)tissue, cell, system, organism, organ, body
C)system, atom, cell, organ, tissue, organism
D)atom, molecule, compound, cell, body, organism
Answer: A
Q2) Epithelial tissue is organized into which of the two general types of structures
A)cells and cell walls
B)epithelial sheets and secretory glands
C)ducts and nuclei
D)protective and absorptive
Answer: B
Q3) Organs are composed of two or more kinds of primary tissues.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) ____________________ are composed of two or more types of primary tissue organized to perform a particular function or functions.
Answer: Organs
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Chapter 2: Cell Physiology
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492 Verified Questions
492 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Refer to the text.If presynaptic neuron Z is repeatedly stimulated very rapidly, what change would be expected to occur in the postsynaptic neuron
A)a single EPSP
B)a single IPSP
C)temporal summation of EPSPs
D)spatial summation of EPSPs
Answer: C
Q2) Osmosis does not occur if the concentration gradients for water and solutes are absent in a system.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Along a neuron, an action potential normally travels from the dendrites to the cell body to the axon.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Neuropeptides are stored in ____________________ vesicles.
Answer: dense-core
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Chapter 3: The Central Nervous System
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314 Verified Questions
314 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) located on the sides of the head
A)occipital lobes
B)temporal lobes
C)parietal lobes
D)frontal lobes
Answer: B
Q2) The lobes of the cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, thalamus, and hypothalamus compose the ____________________ system.
Answer: limbic
Q3) Which of the following characteristics does NOT describe short-term memory
A)immediate storage
B)large capacity
C)permanently forgotten
D)transient modifications in functions
Answer: B
Q4) A(n) ____________________ is a bundle of peripheral neuronal axons, some afferent and some efferent, that are enclosed by a connective-tissue covering and that are following the same pathway.
Answer: nerve
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Chapter 4: The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory,
Autonomic, Somatic
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434 Verified Questions
434 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) fluid filled
A)external ear
B)middle ear
C)cochlea in the inner ear
D)semicircular canal in the inner ear
E)utricle and saccule in the inner ear
Q2) Diplopia is another name for double vision.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Sour taste represents a stimuli caused by ________________.
A)acids
B)salts
C)bases
D)sugars
Q4) Light rays travel faster through water or glass than through air.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Exposure to very loud noises can result in partial conductive deafness.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Principles of Endocrinology: The Central
Endocrine
Glands
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260 Verified Questions
260 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following can influence the effective plasma concentration of a hormone
A)the hormone's rate of binding to receptors on target tissues
B)the hormone's extent of binding to plasma proteins
C)the hormone's rate of metabolic activity
D)the hormone's rate of secretion
Q2) neurally connected to the hypothalamus
A)applies to the posterior pituitary
B)applies to the anterior pituitary
C)applies to both the posterior and the anterior pituitary
Q3) Hypophysiotropic-hormone secretion by the hypothalamus is regulated only by hormonal negative feedback.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Melatonin is secreted by the ____________________.
Q5) Which of these structures is neuroendocrine in nature
A)anterior pituitary gland
B)thyroid gland
C)hypothalamus
D)adrenal cortex
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Chapter 6: The Endocrine Glands
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237 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The three hormonal factors that influence Ca² metabolism are _____________________, _____________________, and _____________________.
Q2) Which of these statements applies to mineralocorticoids
A)They stimulate gluconeogenesis.
B)They stimulate protein degradation.
C)They act at the kidneys to promote sodium retention and enhance potassium elimination.
D)They contribute to the pubertal growth spurt.
Q3) Thyroid-stimulating hormone is produced by the thyroid gland.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An increase in plasma PO ³ concentration forces a reduction in plasma Ca² as a result of the inverse relationship between plasma PO ³ and Ca² levels.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Epinephrine and norepinephrine are stored in _____________________ granules in the adrenal gland.
Q6) Calcitonin is produced by the ____________________ of the ____________________.
Q7) Hypernatraemia is a body's retention of _____________________.
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Chapter 7: Muscle Physiology
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303 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following areas is the origin of a muscle
A)the main, thick part of the structure
B)the middle, thin part of the structure
C)the movable end of attachment
D)the stationary end of attachment
Q2) Which of these statements describes fast glycolytic (type IIb) fibres
A)They contain an abundance of mitochondria.
B)The muscle fibre diameter is small.
C)They are most abundant in muscles specialized for maintaining low-intensity contractions for long periods of time without fatigue.
D)They can be converted into fast oxidative fibres by regular endurance activities.
Q3) can exist over a variety of lengths with little change in tension
A)skeletal muscle only
B)single-unit smooth muscle only
C)cardiac muscle only
D)skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle
E)skeletal muscle and single-unit smooth muscle
F)single-unit smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
G)skeletal, single-unit smooth, and cardiac muscles
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Chapter 8: Cardiac Physiology
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267 Verified Questions
267 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) On an electrocardiogram, what represents depolarization of the ventricles
A)P wave
B)T wave
C)S wave
D)QRS complex
Q2) When does the aortic semilunar valve open
A)when ventricular pressure exceeds aortic pressure
B)when systole starts
C)when ventricular pressure is maximum
D)immediately after atrial contraction
Q3) Which of these situations will NOT increase stroke volume
A)increased end-diastolic volume
B)increased contractility of the heart
C)increased end-systolic volume
D)increased stretch of the cardiac muscle fibres during ventricular filling
Q4) Slow inward diffusion of _____ is largely responsible for the plateau portion of the cardiac action potential.
A)K
B)Na<sup>+</sup>
C)Ca²
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Vascular Physiology
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262 Verified Questions
262 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does microcirculation comprise
A)arteries, arterioles, and capillaries
B)arterioles, capillaries, and venules
C)arteries, capillaries, and venules
D)arteries, arterioles, and venules
Q2) In which of these vessels is the largest total cross-sectional area found
A)aorta
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)veins
Q3) Blood flows continuously through all capillaries.
A)True
B)False
Q4) stress
A)increase BP
B)decrease BP
C)increase heart rate only
D)have no effect on BP or heart rate
Q5) How is salt balance tied into blood pressure control
Q6) Decreased venous return _____ the stroke volume.
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Chapter 10: The Blood
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199 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) frequently associated with bacterial infections
A)aplastic anaemia
B)pernicious anaemia
C)haemolytic anaemia
D)haemorrhagic anaemia
E)polycythaemia
F)leukaemia
G)neutrophilia
H)sickle cell anaemia
Q2) What does haemophilia result from
A)a deficiency of platelets
B)inadequate haemoglobin production
C)vitamin B deficiency
D)inability to produce one of the factors in the clotting cascade
Q3) Which of the following cell types is NOT a granulocyte
A)monocytes
B)eosinophils
C)basophils
D)neutrophils
Q4) What factors influence the rate of erythrocyte production
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Body Defences
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Sample Questions
Q1) released from mast cells and causes localized vasodilation in a region of tissue damage
A)lactoferrin
B)glucocorticoids
C)histamine
D)endogenous
E)opsonins
F)complement
G)antibodies
H)interferon
Q2) People with type A blood produce anti-B antibodies without ever being exposed to type B blood, but Rh-negative individuals produce anti-Rh antibodies only if they are exposed to Rh-positive blood.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following does NOT apply to macrophages
A)They participate in inflammation.
B)They process and present antigen to lymphocytes.
C)They secrete antibodies.
D)They participate in immune surveillance against cancer.
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Chapter 12: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these statements does NOT describe haemoglobin
A)Its presence keeps the blood PO low and favours O movement into the blood.
B)It can combine with O , CO , H , and CO.
C)It unloads less O in the presence of increased tissue acidity.
D)It unloads more O when body temperature is higher.
Q2) What is the primary regulator of the magnitude of ventilation in normal circumstances
A)the H concentration of the brain extracellular fluid, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
B)the PO of the arterial blood, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
C)the PO of the arterial blood, which is monitored by peripheral chemoreceptors
D)the PCO of the arterial blood, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
Q3) stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors as an emergency mechanism
A)arterial PO between 60 to 100 mmHg
B)arterial PO less than 60 mmHg
C)arterial PCO increased above normal
D)brain ECF H increased above normal
E)arterial H increased above normal
Q4) Pulmonary surfactant contributes to lung stability by ____________________ the surface tension.
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Chapter 13: The Urinary System
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276 Verified Questions
276 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these statements does NOT refer to tubular reabsorption
A)It refers to the movement of a substance from the tubular fluid to the peritubular capillary blood.
B)It is important for the conservation of substances important to the body, such as Na , Cl<sup>-</sup>, glucose, and amino acids.
C)It can occur by active or passive transport mechanisms.
D)It takes place only in the proximal tubule.
Q2) ____________________ percent of the renal tissue can adequately perform all excretory and regulatory functions of the kidney.
Q3) filtered and secreted, but not reabsorbed
A)K
B)glucose
C)inulin
D)plasma protein
E)urea
F)H
Q4) The plasma clearance of the organic anion ____________________ is equal to the renal plasma flow.
Q5) What are the pathological effects of renal failure
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Chapter 14: Fluid and Acidbase Balance
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259 Verified Questions
259 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the tubular filtrate becomes too acidic, what is secreted by the tubular epithelial cells to buffer the secreted H
A)HCO <sup>-</sup>
B)OH<sup>-</sup>
C)NH<sub>3</sub>
D)NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>
Q2) H secretion is coupled to bicarbonate reabsorption.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of these statements applies to hypotonicity
A)Water enters the cells by osmosis.
B)Its only cause is drinking excess fluid.
C)It is a major consequence of diabetes mellitus, which is a deficiency of vasopressin.
D)It is usually associated with a negative water balance.
Q4) 20/2
A)uncompensated respiratory acidosis
B)uncompensated metabolic acidosis
C)uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
D)uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
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Chapter 15: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the fluid entering the small intestine, what percentage is reabsorbed
A)100 percent
B)95 percent
C)85 percent
D)50 percent
Q2) fat digestion begins
A)mouth
B)stomach
C)small intestine lumen
D)intracellularly in the small intestine brush border
E)colon
Q3) Why is the intestinal hormone secretin released by endocrine cells in the duodenal mucosa
A)in response to distention of the stomach
B)in response to carbohydrate in the duodenum
C)in response to acid in the duodenum
D)in response to gastrin secreted by the pyloric gland area of the stomach
Q4) Describe the defecation reflex.
Q5) Chylomicrons are large, coated droplets of ____________________.
Q6) Colonic secretion consists of a(n) ____________________ solution.
17
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Chapter 16: Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation
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157 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) On average, about half the body heat that is lost is due to which of these factors
A)radiation
B)convection
C)conduction
D)evaporation
Q2) quantity of heat produced per litre of O consumed
A)energy equivalent of oxygen
B)external work
C)calorie
D)basal metabolic rate
E)internal work
Q3) Weight loss occurs when the energy derived from the food consumed is less than the energy expended by the body.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ____________________ kilocalories of heat energy are released when one gram of glucose is oxidized.
Q5) Alcohol consumption causes peripheral vasoconstriction.Why is drinking wine in a hot tub not advised
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Chapter 17: The Reproductive System
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295 Verified Questions
295 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An undescended testis is known as a(n) ____________________.
Q2) Prostaglandins are found only in the semen.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Vasectomy invariably results in a decrease in testosterone secretion.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the sequence of the structures that sperm travel through prior to ejaculation
A)ductus deferens, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra
B)urethra, ductus deferens, epididymis, ejaculatory duct
C)epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
D)urethra, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens
Q5) Ovarian estrogen production decreases during climacteric.
A)True
B)False
Q6) In the male, the primary reproductive organs include the testes, the prostate gland, the seminal vesicles, and the bulbourethral glands.
A)True
B)False
Page 19
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