Biological Science
Question Bank
Course Introduction
Biological Science is a foundational course that explores the principles and processes underlying life and living organisms. The course covers a wide range of topics including cell structure and function, genetics, evolution, ecology, and the diversity of life forms. Students will develop an understanding of scientific methodology, analyze biological systems at the molecular, cellular, and ecosystem levels, and learn how biological concepts apply to real-world issues such as health, environment, and biotechnology. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, laboratory techniques, and the integration of knowledge across different biological subfields.
Recommended Textbook
Sterns Introductory Plant Biology 13th Edition by James Bidlack
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26 Chapters
1499 Verified Questions
1499 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Plant Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The noted Swedish botanist Linnaeus published his book, Species Plantarum, in the early twentieth century.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which sequence generally describes the steps of the scientific method?
A) hypothesis, observation, testing, retesting
B) testing, observation, hypothesis, retesting
C) observation, hypothesis, testing, retesting
D) observation, testing, hypothesis, retesting
E) observation, writing, hypothesis, publishing
Answer: C
Q3) People who study the interaction of people and plants in their environment are __________.
A) ethnobotantists
B) plant physiologists
C) plant scientists
D) plant taxonomists
E) horticulturalists
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: The Nature of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two different atoms, each with 7 electrons in their outmost energy shell, may share two pairs of electrons; that is, a double bond is formed between the two atoms.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The bonds that hold atoms together do so through the sharing or transfer of
A) atomic nuclei.
B) electrons.
C) protons.
D) neutrons.
E) molecules.
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following metabolic activities of plants produces sugars?
A) photosynthesis
B) assimilation
C) digestion
D) respiration
E) none of these answers are correct
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Cells
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which phase of the cell cycle does replication (duplication)of the DNA take place?
A) interphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase
Answer: A
Q2) Leeuwenhoek is credited with applying the term cell to the boxlike compartments he saw in cork tissue.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Material to be viewed with a transmission electron microscope must be nonliving.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lignin is found primarily in A) parenchyma.
B) sclerenchyma.
C) collenchyma.
D) aerenchyma.
E) chlorenchyma.
Q2) Actively dividing cells can be found in A) meristems.
B) xylem tissue.
C) epidermal tissue.
D) center of stems.
E) phloem tissue.
Q3) The tissue in which lenticels are formed is A) periderm.
B) chlorenchyma.
C) epidermis.
D) cork cambium.
E) collenchyma.
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6
Chapter 5: Roots and Soils
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Sample Questions
Q1) Soil bacteria and fungi are important components of soil because they contribute to soil porosity and release useable minerals by decomposing organic matter.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The vascular tissue of a new lateral (branch)root connects with the vascular tissue of the older root for continuous conduction of water and minerals.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Soil parent material extends down to bedrock.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Water that drains out of the pores in soils after a rain is called
A) capillary water.
B) gravitational water.
C) hygroscopic water.
D) field capacity.
E) available water.
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Chapter 6: Stems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would NOT be part of a stele?
A) cortex
B) primary xylem
C) primary phloem
D) pith
E) all of these answers are correct
Q2) Which of the following specialized stems have relatively long internodes?
A) rhizomes
B) stolons
C) tubers
D) corms
E) bulbs
Q3) A cladophyll is a stem with thick bark.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Lenticels and stomata function in gas exchange.
A)True
B)False
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Leaves
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Sample Questions
Q1) All leaves originate as
A) bud scales.
B) primordia.
C) axillary buds.
D) terminal buds.
E) stipules.
Q2) The venation that forks repeatedly in leaves is termed A) pinnate.
B) palmate.
C) dichotomous.
D) bilateral.
E) parallel.
Q3) Which of the following is known to be modified as a tendril?
A) rachis
B) leaflet
C) stipule
D) petiole
E) all of these answers are correct.
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9
Chapter 8: Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most grasses, trees and 'weeds' are flowering plants that produce ______________ flowers.
A) large, conspicuous
B) colorful
C) fragrant
D) small, inconspicuous
E) few
Q2) The part of the flower in which ovules are produced is the A) stigma.
B) stamen.
C) carpel.
D) calyx.
E) style.
Q3) Each flower develops from a A) primordium.
B) peduncle.
C) calyx.
D) pedicel.
E) filament.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Water in Plants
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Sample Questions
Q1) The direction of movement of food molecules in plants is ______________.
A) only from the top of the plant to the root system
B) from the roots to the shoot system
C) from sink to source
D) from source to sink
E) none of these are correct answers
Q2) If plasmolyzed cells are placed in fresh water before permanent damage is done, they can become turgid once more.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When humidity is high
A) transpiration rates increase.
B) transpiration rates decrease.
C) transpiration ceases altogether.
D) leaves absorb moisture from the air.
E) stomata open wider.
Q4) Tension in the leaf xylem is due to the adhesive and cohesive properties of water as well as transpiration.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Plant Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first step of glycolysis involves a _____ reaction.
A) dehydration
B) carboxylation
C) phosphorylation
D) condensation
E) light
Q2) Oxidation is the
A) gaining of electrons.
B) sharing of electrons.
C) loss of protons.
D) loss of electrons.
E) loss of water.
Q3) Phaeophytin is the electron acceptor molecule in photosystem 2.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The light most extensively used in photosynthesis consists of wavelengths in the green range.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Growth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Phototropic responses may vary according to light intensity.
A)True
B)False
Q2) There probably is only one auxin naturally produced by plants.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Garner and Allard were responsible for coining the term photoperiodism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Quiescence and dormancy with respect to seeds means exactly the same thing: that is, the embryo of a seed does not grow even if the conditions for growth are favorable.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Dormancy caused by a thick, impervious seed coat may be overcome by filing or nicking the seed coat.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 12: Meiosis and Alternation of Generation
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosome pairs separate?
A) Prophase II.
B) Telophase I.
C) Anaphase I.
D) Anaphase II.
E) Metaphase II.
Q2) Polyploid plants have __________ sets of chromosomes.
A) ½
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3 or more
E) variable sets of chromosomes
Q3) The change from a _________________________ occurs as a result of meiosis.
A) zygote to a sporophyte
B) gametophyte to a sporophyte
C) sporophyte to gametophyte
D) gametophyte to gamete
E) gamete to zygote
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sum total of DNA in an organism's chromosomes constitutes the ____________.
A) phenotype
B) genome
C) chromosome map
D) transposable genes
E) gene pool of the species
Q2) A tRNA molecule relays amino acids in response to a specific "blueprint" coded by the DNA.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The most significant cause for exceptions to the Hardy-Weinberg law is
A) protoplast fusion.
B) selection.
C) polyploidy.
D) the proportion of dominant genes to recessive genes.
E) random breeding.
Q4) The Hardy-Weinberg law addresses itself to proportions of genes in a normally interbreeding population.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Plant Breeding and Propagation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cuttings can be made from stems, roots, or leaves.
A)True
B)False
Q2) It is of no particular importance which end of a cutting is inserted in the ground.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Gene banks are locations where _____________________.
A) national agencies maintain stocks of the most common plants grown in that country
B) plant breeders can deposit the germplasm of their new hybrids and crop varieties
C) plant breeders can borrow germplasm
D) samples of wild relatives and local populations (land races) of domesticated plants can be studied and stored for future incorporation into new breeds of crops
E) patented seeds can be stored
Q4) Repair enzymes link DNA fragments together.
A)True
B)False
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) In addition to his work on natural selection, Charles Darwin is recognized as the pioneer of scientific naming.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Evolutionary biology provides the framework that links the different areas in biological science because _____________.
A) it explains the unity of life
B) it explains the diversity of life
C) it allows biologists to understand how change occurs at the molecular level
D) it allows biologists to explain the origin and function at the ecosystem level
E) all of these statements explain the central role of evolution in biological science
Q3) Isolating mechanisms, besides that of geography, include which of the following?
A) Failure of hybrids to survive or breed.
B) Failure of embryos to develop.
C) Climate.
D) Different flowering times.
E) All of these answers are correct.
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Chapter 16: Plant Names and Classification
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Latin binomials (i.e., scientific names of organisms), the second part of each name is referred to as the
A) species.
B) specific epithet.
C) genus.
D) author.
E) family.
Q2) The science of classifying and naming organisms is called systematics.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Latin phrase names were in use before Linnaeus assigned the generic (genus)name as the first word of a binomial.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Slime molds are typical examples of the Kingdom Protoctista (later named Kingdom Protista).
A)True
B)False
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Domain Kingdombacteria, Domain
King-Domarchaea, and Viruses
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Sample Questions
Q1) An association of two dissimilar organisms that benefits both organisms is called
A) fraternization
B) conjugality
C) heterosexuality
D) parsitism
E) mutualism
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a group belonging to the archaebacteria?
A) methane bacteria
B) green sulphur bacteria
C) salt bacteria
D) sulpholobus bacteria
E) all of these answers are correct
Q3) True bacteria may get their nutrition from __________________.
A) nonliving organic matter (saprobes)
B) other living organisms (parasites)
C) from sunlight (autotrophs)
D) from inorganic chemicals (chemoautotrophs)
E) All these modes of nutrition are used by some eubacteria species
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Kingdom Protista
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Sample Questions
Q1) The brownish pigment found in both brown algae and diatoms is
A) chrysolaminarin.
B) fucoxanthin.
C) paramylon.
D) bryopsidin.
E) madder.
Q2) When a slime mold spore germinates, the active cell that emerges is known as either a myxamoeba or a ________________________.
A) myxospore
B) swarm cell
C) amoebospore
D) pseudoplasmodium
E) zoospore
Q3) Which algal group has silicon dioxide as part of the cell wall?
A) Dinoflagellates
B) Euglenoids
C) Diatoms
D) Desmids
E) Desmids.
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Kingdom Fungi
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Sample Questions
Q1) Upright hyphae that produce sporangia at their tips are known as
A) asci.
B) basidia.
C) zygospores.
D) columellae.
E) sporangiophores.
Q2) Which of the following groups of fungi and fungi-like organisms do NOT have chitin in the cell walls?
A) bread molds
B) cup fungi
C) club fungi
D) water molds
E) imperfect fungi
Q3) Biologists who study fungi are ______________________.
A) phycologists
B) physiologists
C) mycologists
D) ecologists
E) microbiologists
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Introduction to the Plant Kingdom: Bryophytes
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___________ is a common thalloid liverwort.
A) Anthoceros
B) Mnium
C) Marchantia
D) Equisetum
E) Psilotum
Q2) Mosses are found in several different phyla.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Chloroplast number and the presence of pyrenoids in each chloroplast indicate that _______ are only distantly related to the other bryophyte groups.
A) leafy liverworts
B) hornworts
C) peat mosses
D) thalloid liverworts
E) bog mosses
Q4) Paraphyses are sterile hairs found in mosses.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 21: The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their
Relatives
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following have stems as their principal site of photosynthesis?
A) club mosses
B) spike mosses
C) whisk ferns
D) horsetails
E) more than one of these answers are correct
Q2) Archegonia and antheridia are structures where _____________ are produced.
A) spores
B) elaters
C) gametes
D) sporoctyes
E) peristomes
Q3) _______________ are an excellent place to find fossils of ferns and fern allies.
A) Volcanic deposits
B) Limestone rocks
C) Diatomaceous earth
D) Sandstone rocks
E) Coal mines
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Chapter 22: Introduction to Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
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Sample Questions
Q1) The female gametophyte of pines usually contains two to six
A) pollen grains.
B) integument cells.
C) archegonia.
D) micropyles.
E) pollen chambers.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a phylum of gymnosperms?
A) Pinophyta
B) Ginkgophyta
C) Polypodiophyta
D) Gnetophyta
E) Cycadophyta
Q3) Some gymnosperms produce only a single seed in their female cones.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Gymnosperms generally have broad leathery leaves.
A)True
B)False
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Page 24
Chapter 23: Seed Plants: Angiosperms
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Sample Questions
Q1) In this question, assume that the life cycle of a flowering plant begins with the germination of a seed and ends with the development of a fruit.Two events that occur in the life cycle are the division of a microspore nucleus and the formation of sculptured wall.
A) The first event precedes the second event.
B) The second event precedes the first event.
C) Both events occur more or less simultaneously.
Q2) The mature male gametophyte of an angiosperm consists of ___________________.
A) a photosynthetic sheet of cells called a prothallus
B) a germinated pollen grain with a vegetative nucleus and two sperm nuclei
C) a multicellular cylinder of cells living as a saprobe
D) a multicellular structure that produces sperm in an antheridium
E) a young pollen grain
Q3) Moth- and butterfly-pollinated flowers tend to have sweet fragrances.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An ovary usually becomes a seed.
A)True
B)False
Page 25
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Chapter 24: Flowering Plants and Civilization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Members of the Cactus Family often have sepals that are colored just like the petals.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The grass family includes 9 of the 10 most important food plants in the world.Five of these are _____________.
A) common bean, lentil, soybean, pea, lentil
B) sunflower, artichoke, lettuce, chicory, tarragon
C) wheat, rice, corn, barley, sugar cane
D) oregano, thyme, rosemary, mint, catnip
E) white potato, tomato, red pepper, eggplant, henbane
Q3) Plants first cultivated in South and Central America were rapidly transplanted to Europe by European explorers.Modern Italian dishes, such as pizza and pasta with marinara sauce would not be possible without these plants, first cultivated in this region.
A) lentils, watermelon, nutmeg
B) sunflower, tobacco
C) tomato, common bean, lima bean, red pepper
D) potato, coffee, cinnamon
E) olives, chickpeas, carrot
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Chapter 25: Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) On average, plants capture and convert approximately ______ of the energy in sunlight reaching the earth's surface.
A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 50%
E) 100%
Q2) Which series illustrates the correct hierarchy in relationship to each other in the series?
A) biosphere, ecosystem, population, community
B) biosphere, ecosystem, community, population
C) biosphere, community, population, ecosystem
D) biosphere, population, community, ecosystem
E) none of these answers are correct
Q3) Acid deposition lands on plants and lowers the pH of lakes, ponds, and soil.Plants are harmed when acid falls on them but are not affected by changes in pH of the soil or water in which they grow.
A)True
B)False
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Page 27
Chapter 26: Biomes
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Q1) The climate consists of dry, hot summers and cool, moist winters.The vegetation is characterized by having shrubs with multiple stems arising at the base and extensive root system.This description of climate and vegetation describe the __________biome.
A) savanna
B) chaparral
C) desert
D) tall grass praire
E) grassland
Q2) No flowering plants occur in the true tundra.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ______________ forests are found along the Pacific Coast and along the Rocky Mountain and California mountain ranges.
A) Coastal and mountain
B) Tropical rain forest
C) Eastern deciduous forest
D) Taiga
E) Grassland
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Page 28