Biological Science Exam
Bank
Course Introduction
Biological Science is a comprehensive field that explores the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms. This course introduces students to fundamental concepts such as cell biology, genetics, ecology, evolution, physiology, and the diversity of life forms. Emphasizing scientific inquiry and laboratory skills, students will learn to analyze biological processes at molecular, cellular, and ecosystem levels. The course also examines current developments in biotechnology, environmental science, and the role of biology in society, preparing students for further study or careers in the life sciences and related disciplines.
Recommended Textbook
Campbell Essential Biology 6th Edition by Eric
J. Simon
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1538 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction: Biology Today
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these is most closely associated with Darwin?
A)energy flow
B)ecosystem structure
C)the three domains of life
D)natural selection
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is the hypothesis of this case study?
A)Male collared lizards exhibit color variation.
B)Dull-colored males are less likely to be eaten by predators.
C)A function of male coloration is to attract females.
D)Males prefer brightly colored females.
Answer: C
Q3) A hypothesis is a(n)________.
A)tentative answer to a question
B)guess
C)observation
D)theory
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Essential Chemistry for Biology
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Q1) Which of the following would be the best experiment to determine whether this drug is an effective treatment option for cancer patients?
A)Give the drug to a single cancer patient and ask him how he feels several months later.
B)Give the drug to a group of mice that have artificially induced tumors and measure whether their tumors are destroyed.
C)Give the drug to a group of cancer patients and measure whether their tumors are destroyed.
D)Give the drug to a single cancer patient and measure whether her tumor is destroyed.
Answer: C
Q2) When Heather grabbed the glass of ice water,the ice cubes were floating at the top.Why were the ice cubes floating in the water?
A)Water can store large amounts of heat.
B)Water can moderate temperatures through evaporative cooling.
C)The density of water decreases when it freezes.
D)Water has a cohesive nature.
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: The Molecules of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) A fat that is hydrogenated is ________.
A)more unsaturated
B)easier to digest
C)more solid
D)less likely to cause strokes
Answer: C
Q2) If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence AGTACTG,what will be the sequence of the other strand?
A)GACGTCA
B)AGTACTG
C)GTCATGA
D)TCATGAC
Answer: D
Q3) A specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is a ________.
A)gene
B)protein
C)nucleic acid
D)enzyme
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell
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Q1) Microtubules are associated with ________.
A)cilia
B)flagella
C)cell shape
D)all of the answer choices
Q2) Why do you think the bacteria start to decline when treated with antibiotic C but then begin to grow as time goes on?
A)Some bacteria with resistance to antibiotic C were selected for over time.
B)Additional bacteria were added to the experimental group.
C)Antibiotic C degraded and thus was no longer effective.
D)This is the normal course of bacterial growth no matter which antibiotic is applied.
Q3) Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells but NOT eukaryotic cells?
A)pili
B)cell wall
C)flagella
D)DNA
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Chapter 5: The Working Cell
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Q1) An enzyme's function is most dependent on its ________.
A)pH
B)temperature
C)shape
D)size
Q2) Which of the following molecules spontaneously form membranes when mixed in water and most likely were one of the first organic compounds formed on Earth?
A)DNA
B)Enzymes
C)Phospholipids
D)RNA
Q3) When a person cries,tears are exported from cells through the process of
A)facilitated diffusion
B)active transport
C)endocytosis
D)exocytosis
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Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy From Food
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Q1) If the egg was weighed halfway between being laid and hatching,how would you expect that weight to compare to the weight of the newly hatched chick?
A)The egg would weigh more at this midpoint than when newly hatched because,during development,the chick gains new parts.
B)The egg would weigh more at this midpoint than when newly hatched because it is taking in oxygen.
C)The egg would weigh less at this midpoint than when newly hatched because the shell wears away over time.
D)The egg would weigh less at this midpoint than when newly hatched because some of the mass of the egg would be released through cell respiration.
Q2) Lactic acid build up in muscles is a sign that ________.
A)aerobic respiration capacity has not been reached
B)respiration is operating effectively
C)insufficient oxygen is reaching the muscles
D)the muscles will be able to operate continuously for a long time
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8
Chapter 7: Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food
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Q1) C plants conserve water by ________.
A)shuttling CO from the Calvin cycle to the water-splitting photosystem
B)keeping their stomata closed when the weather is hot and dry
C)growing very deep roots
D)running the Calvin cycle at night
Q2) Some plant species require shaded conditions while other plant species require bright sunlight.Shade tolerance is best related to which of these characteristics?
A)Different species of plants have different ratios of pigment molecules that utilize different wavelengths of light.
B)Plant leaves without a protective coating are subject to sunburn.
C)Some species of plants are able to produce sugar without ever having been exposed to sunlight.
D)Some species of plants are consumers and do not need sunlight.
Q3) The energy in the proton gradient above is ________.
A)potential energy
B)sunlight light energy
C)sugar energy
D)heat energy
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9
Chapter 8: Cellular Reproduction: Cells From Cells
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Q1) The CORRECT sequence of stages of mitosis is ________.
A)prophase,metaphase,anaphase,telophase
B)telophase,prophase,anaphase,metaphase
C)anaphase,interphase,prophase,metaphase,telophase
D)interphase,prophase,metaphase,anaphase,telophase
Q2) Which of the following will help prevent cancer and increase survival?
A)Eat a low-fiber,low-fat diet.
B)Limit exercise.
C)Seek early detection of tumors.
D)Smoke only cigarettes.
Q3) The above figure shows that ________.
A)meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells
B)fertilization results in four haploid daughter cells
C)the human 2n number is 4
D)meiosis forms diploid gametes
Q4) Sexual reproduction in humans ________.
A)allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell
B)produces a haploid individual
C)produces an individual with 23 chromosomes
D)combines two diploid gametes,producing a zygote
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Chapter 9: Patterns of Inheritance
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Q1) An individual who is homozygous ________.
A)expresses the dominant trait
B)carries two different alleles for a gene
C)carries two copies of the same allele for a gene
D)expresses the recessive trait
Q2) Marfan syndrome is the result of inheriting a single allele.Individuals with Marfan syndrome are tall and long-limbed,and have both cardiovascular and eye defects.Of what type of inheritance is the phenotype of Marfan syndrome an example?
A)codominance
B)homozygous recessive
C)pleiotropy
D)incomplete dominance
Q3) Alleles are described as ________.
A)homologous chromosomes
B)environmental factors that affect gene expression
C)alternate versions of a gene
D)alternate phenotypes
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11
Chapter 10: The Structure and Function of Dna
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Q1) If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC,transcription will result in a(n)________.
A)single RNA strand with the sequence TTCGAG
B)DNA double helix with the sequence AAGCTC for one strand and TTCGAG for the complementary strand
C)single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG
D)RNA double helix with the sequence UUCGAG for one strand and AAGCUC for the complimentary strand
Q2) Where is translation accomplished?
A)lysosomes
B)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C)ribosomes
D)nucleoli
Q3) The backbone of DNA consists of ________.
A)nitrogenous bases
B)a repeating sugar-nucleotide-sugar-nucleotide pattern
C)a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern
D)paired nucleotides
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Chapter 11: How Genes Are Controlled
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Q1) Male tortoiseshell cats ________.
A)do not have an X chromosome
B)have orange and black patches of fur that reflect the pattern of X chromosome inactivation
C)are usually XYY individuals
D)are likely to be exceedingly rare and very likely to be sterile since normal male cats are XY
Q2) What would be the best experiment to do next to determine if complete hexokinase gene expression is temperature dependent?
A)Measure the amount of hexokinase mRNA in cells at different temperatures.
B)Measure the rate of transcription of the hexokinase gene in cells at different temperatures.
C)Measure the amount of mRNA that is broken down in cells at different temperatures.
D)Measure the amount of hexokinase protein in cells at different temperatures.
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13
Chapter 12: DNA Technology
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Q1) Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of differences in their
A)A:C ratio
B)length
C)G:T ratio
D)pH
Q2) The short tandem repeat analysis ________.
A)compares markers on the sex chromosomes
B)compares repetitive DNA sequences from different individuals
C)does not require DNA amplification
D)checks for purine and pyrimidine ratios
Q3) What name is given to a region of DNA that varies from person to person?
A)genetic marker
B)short tandem repeat
C)sticky end
D)restriction fragment
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14
Chapter 13: How Populations Evolve
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Q1) Natural selection ________.
A)results in evolutionary adaptation
B)is a very rare phenomenon
C)does not affect allelic frequencies
D)prepares organisms for future changes in the environment
Q2) Some biologists urge the collection of the few remaining individuals of some of the most threatened amphibian species in order to preserve them if they become extinct in the wild.If such captive-breeding programs could produce thousands of individuals from just a few of the remaining survivors,the species will still be threatened because of
A)a bottleneck effect
B)directional selection
C)mutations
D)artificial selection
Q3) Gene flow is accomplished by ________.
A)migration
B)sexual recombination
C)mutation
D)natural selection
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Page 15
Chapter 14: How Biological Diversity Evolves
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Q1) Which of the following describes allopatric speciation?
A)A population of squirrels is separated by the Grand Canyon.The two subpopulations evolve into two distinct species.
B)A tetraploid plant species evolves from a diploid ancestor.Both the tetraploid and diploid species are found in the same habitat.
C)One population breeds in the fall; another population breeds in the spring.
D)A male horse and a female donkey mate,producing a sterile hinny.
Q2) The production of sterile male ligers is an example of ________.
A)sympatric speciation
B)the founder effect
C)a postzygotic barrier
D)a prezygotic barrier
Q3) Speciation requires ________.
A)periods of rapid evolutionary change
B)geographic isolation
C)long periods of time
D)genetic isolation
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Chapter 15: The Evolution of Microbial Life
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Q1) Based on fossil evidence,eukaryotes evolved about ________ years ago.
A)500,000
B)1 billion
C)1)8 billion
D)3)5 billion
Q2) The first organisms to colonize land were
A)plants,protists,and insects
B)plants,fungi,and insects
C)bacteria,plants,and fungi
D)protists,bacteria,and fungi
Q3) In the image above,the aquatic organism moves using flagella.It is parasitic and can colonate and reproduce in the human intestine.What type of organism could this be?
A)a protozoan
B)a slime mold
C)phytoplankton
D)seaweed
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Chapter 16: The Evolution of Plants and Fungi
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Q1) ________,a chemical that hardens cell walls and supports terrestrial plants,is found in all plants EXCEPT ________.
A)Lignin...bryophytes
B)Cellulose...bryophytes
C)Cellulose...ferns
D)Lignin...ferns and bryophytes
Q2) Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A)Rainforests regenerate slowly and cannot sustain slash-and-burn clearing.
B)Humans depend on plants for food,wood,and medicines.
C)Only a fraction of plant species have been tested as potential medicine sources.
D)Local knowledge of rainforest plant communities has no impact on the production of new medicines.
Q3) In ________ the gametophyte is more obvious than the sporophyte.
A)conifers
B)mosses
C)grasses
D)ferns
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Chapter 17: The Evolution of Animals
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Q1) Approximately what percent of bird species are threatened with extinction today?
A)5%
B)12%
C)25%
D)45%
Q2) While on an archaeology expedition,you unearth a skeleton with the following characteristics: four long,slender finger bones and a smaller opposable thumb bone,long arm bones,fingernails,and eye sockets close together on a skull.What type of organism do you suspect you may have found?
A)an anthropoid
B)a tarsier
C)a crustacean
D)a marsupial
Q3) Unique features of vertebrates include the presence of a(n)________.
A)endoskeleton
B)notochord
C)skull and a backbone
D)pharyngeal slit
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Chapter 18: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
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Q1) Which of these is a community?
A)all of the Staphylococcus aureus (a species of bacteria living on your skin
B)all of the organisms living in your home
C)all of the people living in your neighborhood
D)all of the nut grass (considered a weed)in your backyard
Q2) Which of the following is abiotic?
A)a protist
B)a plant
C)a fungus
D)a rock
Q3) Which nutrients often limit the distribution and abundance of photosynthetic organisms?
A)water and oxygen
B)nitrogen and phosphorus
C)carbon dioxide and nitrogen
D)water and carbon dioxide
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Chapter 19: Population Ecology
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Q1) If a population's growth rate decreases as the population size approaches carrying capacity,the population's growth follows a(n)________ model.
A)exponential
B)boom-and-bust
C)logistic
D)density-independent
Q2) Most crop pests ________.
A)have an opportunistic life history
B)have an equilibrial life history
C)exhibit type I survivorship
D)consist of long-lived individuals
Q3) If all populations occupy different areas that are approximately the same size,which population will have the lowest density after 3 years?
A)Population A
B)Population B
C)Population C
D)After 3 years,all three populations will have the same density.
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21
Chapter 20: Communities and Ecosystems
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Q1) The primary goal of conservation biology is to ________.
A)catalog species
B)maximize the land set aside for wildlife
C)integrate human culture back into nature
D)counter the loss of biodiversity
Q2) In order to assess the species diversity of a community,you would need to know the number of different species present as well as ________.
A)the number of trophic levels in the community
B)the intensity of interspecific competition in the community
C)the fraction of these species that are plants
D)the relative abundance of the different species
Q3) Modern conservation science increasingly aims at ________.
A)protecting federally listed endangered species
B)countering pollution
C)sustaining entire ecosystems
D)maintaining genetic diversity within species
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Chapter 21: Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function
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Q1) When body temperature is too low,which of the following occurs?
A)Blood vessels in the skin constrict.
B)Muscles relax.
C)Sweat glands are activated.
D)Blood vessels at the body surface dilate and fill with blood.
Q2) Most homeostatic mechanisms depend on ________.
A)positive and negative feedback
B)negative feedback
C)predictable environmental conditions
D)predictable internal conditions
Q3) What best describes the regulatory mechanism described in the scenario?
A)negative feedback
B)positive feedback
C)thermoregulation
D)natural selection
Q4) Which of the following is TRUE of a typical skeletal muscle?
A)It is found in the walls of organs such as the digestive tract.
B)Its fibers do not have a striped appearance under the microscope.
C)It can be enlarged by exercise.
D)It is only found in heart tissue.
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Chapter 22: Nutrition and Digestion
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Q1) The four stages of food processing are,in order ________.
A)ingestion,absorption,elimination,digestion
B)ingestion,elimination,digestion,absorption
C)ingestion,digestion,absorption,elimination
D)digestion,absorption,ingestion,elimination
Q2) Which of the following choices lists the organs of the human alimentary canal in the CORRECT order?
A)pharynx,oral cavity,esophagus,stomach,large intestine
B)oral cavity,pharynx,esophagus,stomach,small intestine,large intestine
C)esophagus,pharynx,stomach,large intestine,small intestine
D)oral cavity,esophagus,stomach,large intestine,small intestine
Q3) When the wall of the stomach fails to protect itself from erosion by gastric juice,the result is ________.
A)heartburn
B)obesity
C)GERD
D)a gastric ulcer
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Chapter 23: Circulation and Respiration
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Q1) Why do cigarette smokers cough more than most people do?
A)The tar in cigarette smoke tends to make alveoli stick closed.Coughing opens them.
B)Coughing is the respiratory system's attempt to clear itself of the thick mucus that is produced in response to smoke exposure.
C)Cigarette smoking partially paralyzes the lungs; coughing exchanges the resultant "dead air."
D)Coughing stimulates blood flow to the lungs.
Q2) The basic rhythm of the heartbeat is set by the ________.
A)systolic pressure
B)EKG
C)sinoatrial node
D)"fight-or-flight" hormone
Q3) Which of these animals has a double circulatory system?
A)fish
B)grasshopper
C)dog
D)hydra
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Chapter 24: The Bodys Defenses
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Q1) Antibodies ________.
A)are shaped like the letter B
B)are generalists in that any antibody can bind to any antigen
C)assist in destroying particular antigens
D)are produced by T cells
Q2) A primary immune response is the ________.
A)production of primary-type antibodies in the first day of exposure to a microorganism
B)immune response elicited by the second exposure of lymphocytes to a particular antigen
C)immune response elicited by the first exposure of lymphocytes to a particular antigen
D)immune response elicited by the first exposure of memory cells to a particular antigen
Q3) What other observation would suggest that alcohol consumption contributes to increased bacterial and viral infections?
A)decreased histamine concentration in the mice that drank alcohol
B)increased histamine concentration in the mice that drank alcohol
C)increased numbers of B cells in the mice that drank alcohol
D)decreased numbers of B cells in the mice that drank alcohol
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Chapter 25: Hormones
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Q1) Epinephrine ________.
A)decreases metabolic rate
B)decreases heart rate
C)increases absorption of glucose by the digestive tract
D)increases breathing rate
Q2) If a cell is like a house,which one of the following is most similar to the way that a steroid hormone works?
A)A postal worker leaves mail for you at your front door.
B)A visitor to your home knocks on your front door.
C)Radio signals are received by a stereo in your bedroom.
D)You walk outside of your home to get a better signal on your cell phone.
Q3) The hormone being released from the organs shown in the figure is likely to be ________.
A)adrenalin
B)growth
C)testosterone
D)calcitonin
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Chapter 26: Reproduction and Development
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Q1) Which of the following results from cleavage?
A)formation of the nervous system
B)formation of the notochord
C)formation of more cells
D)segmentation
Q2) A vasectomy ________.
A)prevents the production of sperm in the testes
B)prevents the production of semen
C)prevents the movement of sperm out of the testes
D)is an effective method to prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted disease
Q3) Mesoderm gives rise to the ________.
A)heart and kidneys
B)brain and skin
C)nervous system and thyroid
D)liver and pancreas
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Chapter 27: Nervous,Sensory,and Locomotor Systems
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Q1) Eyes can become bloodshot when irritants in the eye trigger an increased blood flow to the connective tissue covering the eye.These swollen blood vessels are located on the
A)cornea
B)sclera
C)iris
D)lens
Q2) Thermoreceptors detect ________.
A)motion
B)sound
C)pressure
D)temperature
Q3) In the nervous system,integration ________.
A)occurs at the axon
B)inevitably results in the attainment of a threshold potential
C)is the analysis and interpretation of sensory signals and the formulation of appropriate responses
D)is the assimilation of memories
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29
Chapter 28: The Life of a Flowering Plant
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Q1) The diploid number for the tomato,a eudicot,is 24.One of its pollen grains has ________ chromosomes,and the nutritive tissue of the seed has ________ chromosomes.
A)12 12
B)12 24
C)24 24
D)24 36
Q2) What evidence best supports the pineapple's classification as a monocot?
A)It does not produce woody tissue.
B)It produces a fruit.
C)Its flowers have three petals each.
D)It has double fertilization.
Q3) How old are these trees?
A)3)5 years old
B)7 years old
C)14 years old
D)28 years old
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Chapter 29: The Working Plant
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Q1) Which of the following hormones promotes seed germination?
A)auxin
B)ethylene
C)gibberellin
D)abscisic acid
Q2) Which of the following describes a chemical element that a plant must obtain from its environment in order to complete its life cycle?
A)macronutrient
B)micronutrient
C)essential element
D)mineral
Q3) Which of the following best describes the mechanism that causes stomata to open?
A)Water accumulates below the opening and eventually causes the stoma to open.
B)A large bubble of oxygen accumulates below the stoma and eventually causes it to open.
C)Two guard cells flanking each stoma control its opening by changing shape.
D)The internal pressure of xylem sap expands the leaf,stretching the stoma open.
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