Course Introduction
Biological Psychology
Textbook Exam Questions
Biological Psychology explores the intricate relationship between biological processes and behavior, focusing on how the brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics influence our actions, thoughts, and emotions. The course covers foundational topics such as neural communication, brain anatomy, sensory and motor systems, mechanisms of learning and memory, emotion, and the biological basis of psychological disorders. Through a blend of theoretical concepts and recent research findings, students gain an understanding of how biological factors contribute to individual differences and psychological functioning.
Recommended Textbook
Psychological Science 5th Edition by Michael Gazzaniga
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) With respect to the psychology of emotion,William James would be most interested in:
A) the contribution of unconscious memories to one's emotional experience.
B) the basic nature of an emotional feeling or experience.
C) how emotions aid one's adaptation to the environment.
D) one's subjective interpretation of one's emotions.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following phenomena would likely be studied by social psychologists?
A) strategies leaders use to influence other people's behaviors
B) how animals differ in their sensitivities to reward and punishment
C) which category of perceptual images is most likely to be identified quickly
D) which neurons are activated when people look at different shapes
Answer: A
Q3) The early school of structuralism was introduced by:
A) Edward Titchener.
B) William James.
C) Wilhelm Wundt.
D) Mary Whiton Calkins.
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Research Methodology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Meyers is investigating the relationship between stress and obesity.In his latest study,he found that stress often leads to obesity because it causes overeating and has slowing effects on metabolism.Which of the four primary goals of science is he addressing with his most recent work?
A) description
B) control
C) prediction
D) explanation
Answer: D
Q2) A researcher studying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is gathering information on how many children receive an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis each year.Which of the four primary goals of science is she addressing?
A) description
B) control
C) prediction
D) explanation
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Biology and Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the cerebral cortex?
A) It has a wrinkled appearance.
B) It is the largest part of the human brain.
C) The corpus callosum provides connections between the two hemispheres.
D) Damage to this area typically results in death.
Answer: D
Q2) Adoption studies are an important tool of behavioral genetics because they:
A) allow us to examine the effects of nonrelated mothering.
B) allow us to look at the contributions of environment and genetics on behavior.
C) are so rare.
D) show that environment overwhelms the effect of genes.
Answer: B
Q3) The neural impulse,or ________,is a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.
A) action potential
B) resting membrane potential
C) neurotransmitters
D) all-or-none principle
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) You have been asleep for approximately 90 minutes.What sleep stage are you likely to begin to enter?
A) slow-wave sleep
B) theta wave sleep
C) K-complex sleep
D) paradoxical sleep
Q2) Which of the following is usually NOT an example of consciousness?
A) moment-by-moment subjective experience
B) paying attention to your surroundings
C) reflecting on your thoughts
D) day-dreaming
Q3) Opiates such as heroin have enormous reward value to the brain because they ________ and ________.
A) activate dopamine receptors; bind with opiate receptors
B) inhibit dopamine receptors; bind with opiate receptors
C) activate dopamine receptors; block opiate receptors
D) inhibit dopamine receptors; block opiate receptors
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6
Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are asked to participate in an experiment to see if people can detect very subtle emotional expressions on other people's faces.However,sometimes the image the experimenter shows you is blurry,and it is hard to distinguish whether or not you see an emotional expression.You decide that you will respond by indicating you have detected an emotion in a person's face,even when you are unsure.According to Signal Detection Theory,which of the following two outcomes are you most likely to have?
A) hits and misses
B) misses and correct rejections
C) hits and false alarms
D) false alarms and correct rejections
Q2) Due to the partial crossing of visual information at the ________,the ________ visual field projects to the right hemisphere.
A) blind spot; left
B) optic chiasm; left
C) blind spot; right
D) optic chiasm; right
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what technique are successive approximations used?
A) shaping
B) taste aversion
C) biological preparedness
D) punishment
Q2) The Premack principle explains why:
A) shaping desirable behaviors leads to accurate conditioning.
B) a favored activity can be used to reinforce a less favored activity.
C) reward is preferred to punishment for effective learning.
D) the law of effect works.
Q3) According to Watson's famous quote regarding the rearing of children,if given a dozen infants and control of their world,he could:
A) guarantee ahead of time their IQs,based on their early infant behaviors.
B) train them to be any type of specialist he wanted.
C) shape their early childhoods but have little impact on later development.
D) ensure that they grew up without discrimination and hatred.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) People who were close to the location of the World Trade Center during the 9/11 terrorist attacks are very likely to show increased physiological responses to:
A) planes overhead.
B) looming skyscrapers.
C) cars.
D) hospitals in the background.
Q2) Memory requires attention.If you want to remember something well,it is best to attend to only one thing at a time because:
A) attention is limited.
B) attention is unlimited.
C) attention is relatively permanent.
D) attention waxes and wanes.
Q3) A psychologist who agreed with network of association theories would suggest that the best way to set up a computer hard drive to mimic human memory would be to organize the information into:
A) alphabetically tagged files.
B) nested files.
C) temporally flagged files.
D) hierarchical files.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is categorization an efficient way of thinking?
A) It reduces the amount of information about a concept in memory.
B) It makes information about a concept more specific.
C) It reduces the number of concepts held in memory.
D) It prioritizes the important information in a concept.
Q2) The main difference between the exemplar model and the prototype model is that the prototype model is defined by ________ of the category and the exemplar model is defined by ________ of the category.
A) the best example; all the examples
B) all the examples; the best example
C) the most common example; the best set of examples
D) the best set of examples; the most common example
Q3) People tend to become closed minded when asked to find a different use for an object that has a clear purpose.This mind-set is a result of:
A) mental sets.
B) restructuring.
C) working backward.
D) functional fixedness.
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) While a child watches,you hide a Cheerio under one of two cups in front of her.You hide the Cheerio under the red cup,and show the child that there is nothing under the blue cup.If this child has not yet achieved object permanence,she will:
A) look for the Cheerio under the red cup.
B) look for the Cheerio under the blue cup.
C) look for the Cheerio in your hand.
D) not look for the Cheerio.
Q2) Which of the following items are considered potential teratogens?
A) drugs
B) bacteria
C) viruses
D) all of the above
Q3) The strange-situation test was designed to allow psychologists to assess:
A) how infants respond to separation and reunion with their mothers.
B) an infant's tendencies to seek or avoid novelty.
C) a mother's response to a fearful infant.
D) the level of social skill an infant has acquired.
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Chapter 10: Emotion and Motivation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Motivation ________,whereas emotion ________.
A) produces behavior; influences motivation
B) influences emotion; produces behavior
C) is caused by cognition; influences cognition
D) influences cognition; is caused by cognition
Q2) Imagine you are in the forest and come across a bear.Which of the following explanations best represents the James-Lange theory of emotion?
A) I'm afraid because I'm shaking.
B) I'm shaking because I'm afraid.
C) My shaking must be due to fear because bears are naturally scary.
D) I'm shaking,and I'm afraid.
Q3) Extinction of a classically conditioned response involves suppression of that response by higher brain centers; the conditioned response can be established again very quickly.The probable mechanism for extinction lies in the path from the ________; the probable mechanism for reconditioning lies in the path from the ________.
A) thalamus to the amygdala; thalamus to the sensory cortex to the amygdala
B) thalamus to the sensory cortex to the amygdala; thalamus to the amygdala
C) hippocampus to the amygdala; thalamus to the frontal lobes to the amygdala
D) thalamus to the frontal lobes to the amygdala; hippocampus to the amygdala
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Health and Well-Being
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Sample Questions
Q1) Harold has been unemployed for many years and is constantly struggling to pay his bills.The stress Harold is experiencing is an example of:
A) eustress.
B) major life-stressor.
C) chronic stress.
D) acute stress.
Q2) Stress increases the release of cortisol,and the cortisol helps people cope with the stress.If stress continues for prolonged periods of time:
A) cortisol production is exhausted.
B) the antagonist to cortisol dominates the physiological system.
C) cortisol production can no logner be turned off.
D) the increased cortisol begins to have adverse effects on bodily and mental functioning.
Q3) Why have psychologists emphasized fight-or-flight responses over tend-and-befriend responses?
A) The former have greater adaptive value.
B) The research has largely been done with males.
C) Research supports the former but not the latter.
D) Avoidance responses are more important to survival than approach responses.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) A group of microbiology students has been working on a semester-long project that will determine 50 percent of the students' course grades.A week before the project is due,the students realize they have made a critical error and their results are useless.One member of the group argues strongly that they should falsify their results so they will be able to turn in a successful project.Though all the other members have doubts,none of them feels comfortable saying so.All the members ignore the possibility of being caught and convince themselves to falsify the report.This scenario is an example of:
A) bystander effect.
B) social facilitation.
C) social loafing.
D) groupthink.
Q2) According to the good gene hypothesis,symmetrical faces are believed to be more desirable because symmetry has been shown to be related to: A) health.
B) earning potential.
C) trustworthiness.
D) loyalty.
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14
Chapter 13: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to this view,behavior is determined more by particular circumstances than by personality.
A) the Big Five
B) nomothetic approaches
C) situationism
D) none of the above
Q2) Reaction formation and displacement are similar in that they are both:
A) identified by Freud as being harmful for mental health.
B) products of a conflict between the ego and the superego.
C) personality traits.
D) defense mechanisms.
Q3) Based on Freud's theory of psychosexual stages,which of the following would you most expect to hear a 5-year-old boy say to his mother?
A) "How come none of the girls at school like me?"
B) "You are soooo beautiful!"
C) "I wish you would go away so I could spend more time with Dad!"
D) "You are mean.I don't like you!"
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15
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a primary symptom of autism?
A) deficits in verbal communication
B) lack of awareness of others,even caregivers
C) restricted activities and interests
D) mental retardation
Q2) Which of the following personality disorders belong to the same group?
A) schizoid,paranoid,and obsessive-compulsive
B) avoidant,dependent,and obsessive-compulsive
C) paranoid,dependent,and obsessive-compulsive
D) antisocial,histrionic,and paranoid
Q3) Dillon experiences low mood,crying,and sleep disturbance.He has a hard time getting excited about anything.Dillon would probably benefit from a drug that increased activity in which neurotransmitter system?
A) monoamine
B) glutamate
C) GABA
D) purine
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Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Talisa is a college student and is seeking mental health services on her campus.She will most likely be seen by a(n):
A) school psychiatrist.
B) educational psychologist.
C) counseling psychologist.
D) psychiatric social worker.
Q2) According to your text,is transcranial magnetic stimulation likely to replace electroconvulsive therapy as a treatment for depression?
A) Yes; transcranial magnetic stimulation has fewer negative side effects.
B) Yes; transcranial magnetic stimulation is more effective than electroconvulsive therapy.
C) No; the two are helpful for different kinds of patients.
D) No; transcranial magnetic stimulation is much more expensive to administer.
Q3) Major depression and bipolar disorder:
A) are both more prevalent in women than men.
B) are fundamentally different and require different treatment approaches.
C) both respond to lithium.
D) are as difficult to treat as personality disorders.
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