Biological Psychology Test
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Course Introduction
Biological Psychology explores the intricate relationship between biological processes and behavior, examining how the brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics influence thoughts, emotions, and actions. This course covers fundamental topics such as neural communication, brain structure and function, sensory and motor systems, neuroplasticity, and the biological basis of psychological disorders. By integrating principles from neuroscience and psychology, students gain a comprehensive understanding of how physiological mechanisms underlie cognitive functions, learning, memory, motivation, and mental health. The course also introduces research methods used in biological psychology, encouraging critical analysis of empirical studies and current advancements in the field.
Recommended Textbook
Sensation and Perception 2nd Edition by Bennett L. Schwartz
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Carl notices that he has trouble keeping his balance in the dark.He is likely having a problem with his ______ system.
A)vestibular
B)proprioception
C)auditory
D)olfactory
Answer: A
Q2) The ecological approach to perception finds fault with experiments that ______.
A)focus on audition because vision is more important
B)use laboratory stimuli that do not correspond to real-world stimuli
C)use neuroimaging technology to study perceptual phenomena
D)focus on physiological rather than psychological processes
Answer: B
Q3) What is physicist Thomas Young (1773-1829) known for?
A)the doctrine of specific nerve energies
B)the discovery of the sensory experience known as motion aftereffect
C)the view that three nerve fibers are responsible for color vision
D)the first acuity test for vision
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Research Methodology
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what method are stimuli presented in a graduated scale, with participants asked to judge the stimuli along a certain property that goes up or down?
A)the method of adjustment
B)the method of repugnancy
C)the magnitude method
D)the method of limits
Answer: D
Q2) Explain how an audiologist evaluates a patient for hearing loss.
Answer: The audiologist will usually begin a hearing loss evaluation by using an audiometer to assess how well the patient hears.An audiometer is a device that gives off tones at different frequencies.The patient listens through headphones as the audiologist presents the tones.The audiologist records what the patient does and does not hear, and in which ear.The audiologist then creates an audiogram, a graph of the thresholds for each frequency measured.This graph is then used to determine if there is hearing loss at any frequency.If there is, the audiologist can fit the patient with hearing aids.If the audiologist suspects a medical issue, he or she may refer the patient to a medical doctor.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Visual System: The Eye
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is the location of the optic disc associated with the blind spot?
A)Receptor cells are not present in this region.
B)There are only cones and no rods in this region.
C)The receptors cells do not connect to retinal ganglion cells.
D)The retinal ganglion cells are non-functional in this region.
Answer: A
Q2) The greatest density of cones can be found in the ______.
A)iris
B)hypocratus
C)fovea
D)optic disc
Answer: C
Q3) How does wavelength affect human perception?
Answer: Wavelength affects what electromagnetic energy humans can see, and it also affects how it appears to us.Humans are able to see only certain wavelengths, known as visible light.Visible light has wavelengths from 400 to 700 nm.The shortest wavelength we can see is about 400 nm, which we perceive as violet.Shorter wavelengths, known as ultraviolet, are detectable by some other species.The longest wavelength we can see is about 700 nm, which we perceive as red.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Visual System: The Brain
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Sample Questions
Q1) The second area in the visual cortex that receives input, often considered the area that starts with visual associations rather than processing the input, is called ______.
A)parietal visual cortex
B)V2
C)ultrastriate cortex
D)MT
Q2) The bilateral structure in the thalamus that relays information from the optic nerve to the visual cortex is known as the ______.
A)pulvinar
B)pineal body
C)magnocellular optic chiasm
D)lateral geniculate nucleus
Q3) A column within V1 that is made up of neurons that receive input from only the left eye or only the right eye is called a(n) ______ column.
A)V1 neuron
B)contralateral
C)ocular dominance
D)ipsolateral
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6
Chapter 5: Object Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain why researchers believe that humans are both drawn to and repelled by dolls.
Q2) A patient suffering from prosopagnosia is most likely to also show signs of ______.
A)drug abuse
B)genetic mutation
C)trauma
D)stroke
Q3) Which gestalt grouping law states that elements that are moving together tend to be perceived as a unified group?
A)law of proximity
B)law of similarity
C)law of symmetry
D)law of common fate
Q4) The storage and/or reconstruction of information in memory when that information is not in use is known as ______.
A)recognition
B)perceptual organization
C)representation
D)a feedback loop
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Chapter 6: Color Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Deep royal blue is a more saturated color than pastel baby blue.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following changes in color perception is most likely to happen as a person ages?
A)a gradual blurring of the difference between red and green
B)a slow increase in sensitivity to violet light
C)a gradual blurring of the difference between white and black
D)a slow loss of sensitivity to blue light
Q3) Which of the following is a more saturated/less saturated pair of colors?
A)gold/green
B)green/red
C)red/pink
D)blue/silver
Q4) Unilateral dichromacy has allowed scientists to determine ______.
A)whether color deficiency occurs equally in women and men
B)if people with four cone types in their retinae see more colors than normal individuals
C)what colors appear like to color-deficient individuals
D)what mutation causes four-cone systems
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Chapter 7: Depth and Size Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain diplopia and give an example.
Q2) As we watch an object move relative to another object, we judge the object that disappears, known as ______, and reappears, known as ______.
A)flow; disruption
B)parallax; perspective
C)deletion; accretion
D)disparity; convergence
Q3) Nagata et al.(2012) were interested in the neural mechanisms Adanson's jumping spiders use for depth perception.They found that the spiders ______.
A)use color information but not depth perception
B)see in depth by coordinating information from across their many eyes
C)compare images on different levels of their retinae to determine depth
D)use the comparison of their vision and their jump to infer distance
Q4) Panum's area of fusion is the region of large disparity around the horopter where the two images cannot be fused into a single perception.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the difference between motion parallax and optic flow?
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Movement and Action
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Sample Questions
Q1) In akinetopsia, ______.
A)patients' perception resembles a series of still photographs moving one to the next
B)patients cannot act on motion perception because movements blur together
C)motion perception is preserved, but thresholds are greatly increased for speeding objects detected by the foveae
D)patients are subjectively blind but respond by moving their hands when objects are thrown at them
Q2) The point-light walker display could be used in a way that disrupts the identification of motion by having the person being videotaped wearing ______ on their wrists, elbows, shoulders, ankles, knees, and hips.
A)non-blinking lights
B)sporadically blinking lights
C)various colored lights
D)red lights
Q3) One form of apparent motion is the appearance of real motion from a sequence of still images.
A)True
B)False
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10
Chapter 9: Visual Attention
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a particularly odd image or striking sound captures our attention, that image or sound is said to have ______.
A)stimulus salience
B)covert attentional appeal
C)change blindness resistance
D)attention shift capacity
Q2) Attentional capture is the process whereby a salient stimulus causes us to shift attention to that stimulus.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Zaid searches for a green ball among green squares and orange balls.This is an example of a ______ search.
A)feature
B)conjunction
C)change-detection
D)gorilla pattern
Q4) How does binocular rivalry demonstrate the top-down processing of perception?
Q5) Give an example from your everyday life of change blindness.
Q6) Give an example of covert attention and an example of overt attention.
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Chapter 10: The Auditory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Conductive hearing loss is permanent hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea or auditory nerve.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Tamar hears a shrill sound wherever she goes.She most likely suffers from a condition called ______.
A)cochlear deficits
B)otosclerosis
C)tinnitus
D)simultaneous auditory agnosia
Q3) Stereocilia are ______.
A)the first synapse in the auditory nerve
B)connections that the cochlea has to the outer ear
C)the hair-like parts of the hair cells on the top of the inner and outer hair cells
D)cells that sharpen and amplify the responses of the inner hair cells
Q4) Describe the parts of the middle ear and how they work together.
Q5) How do the parts of a cochlear implant work together.
Q6) What is the difference between amplitude and frequency? Give an example for each.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Auditory Brain and Sound Localization
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a room about 30 yards long and 20 yards wide, one pair of people is sitting at one end, another pair is sitting in the middle, and the third pair is sitting at the opposite end.When they are all talking, the two people in each pair have a difficult time hearing each other, even though they are sitting not more than two feet apart.This situation is most likely caused by ______.
A)a short reverberation time
B)a long reverberation time
C)a short interaural level difference
D)a long interaural level difference
Q2) Po-Yu hears someone shout to his left.The structure in his brain stem that plays a role in telling Po-Yu the direction of this sound is known as the ______.
A)parabelt region
B)posterior parietal area
C)trapezoid body
D)zonules of Zin
Q3) The cochlear nucleus is a structure in the brain stem that receives input from inner hair cells.
A)True
B)False
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Speech Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) An experimenter uses a computer to delete or mask a particular sound in a sentence in which the context clearly indicates what the missing sound should be.The experimenter then plays the sentence for participants and asks them what they just heard.The result is that the participants report ______.
A)being unable to understand the word that has one of its sounds masked
B)noticing that a sound is missing and correctly inferring what that sound is
C)hearing an unvoiced consonant in place of the masked sound
D)hearing the masked sound correctly, even though it is not actually present
Q2) Speech sounds made with unrestricted airflow are known as ______.
A)reticulated sounds
B)ambient speech sounds
C)consonants
D)vowels
Q3) Which of the following tends to be the most problematic for hearing-impaired people who use hearing aids?
A)difficulty comprehending speech
B)inadequate amplification of sounds
C)difficulty in hearing background sounds
D)loss of interest in music
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Music Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hyde, Peretz, and Zatorre (2008) used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the function of the right and left auditory cortical regions in frequency processing of melodic sequences.They found that ______.
A)only the left auditory cortex becomes active during the presentation of melodic sequences
B)better behavioral pitch resolution was associated with activity in the right secondary auditory cortex
C)the louder the melodic sequences were presented, the more cross-talk there was between the two hemispheres
D)the fMRI revealed that even moderate exposure to non-Western music can disorient the brain regions usually associated with perceiving consonance
Q2) A condition in which a stimulus in one modality consistently triggers a response in another modality is known as ______.
A)interweaving
B)mnesic intersensory perception
C)haptic-auditory syndrome
D)synesthesia
Q3) Describe the relationship between pitch and frequency.
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15
Chapter 14: Touch and Pain
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Sample Questions
Q1) Receptors in our skin that respond to mild irritants by producing itch sensations are known as ______.
A)itch modules
B)endemic nociceptors
C)pruriceptors
D)analgesics
Q2) Alan injures his back severely.When he goes to the doctor, the doctor gives him a choice as to whether he thinks he needs an opioid drug.Briefly describe the benefits and risks Alan faces if gets this prescription.
Q3) An inability to identify objects by touch is known as ______.
A)haptic amnesia
B)nociceptive aphasia
C)tactile agnosia
D)epidermal pigmentosa
Q4) A-delta fibers are myelinated nociceptors that conduct signals rapidly and respond to both heat and pressure.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Olfaction and Taste
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Sample Questions
Q1) Animals who depend on their sense of smell and have senses of smell far superior to that of humans, such as bears and dogs, are classified as ______.
A)microsmatic
B)macrosmatic
C)olfactory neutral
D)super tri-geminates
Q2) Turbinates are bony knots of tissue that serve to disperse air within the nasal cavity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Foliate papillae are found along the very back of the tongue in a virtual row; they respond to all five basic tastes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The cells that create olfactory receptor neurons are known as ______.
A)basal cells
B)olfactory generation cells
C)the nasal murus
D)the turbinate nursery region
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