Biological Psychology
Review Questions
Course Introduction
Biological Psychology explores the intricate relationship between the brain, nervous system, and behavior. This course examines how biological processes, such as neural communication, brain structure and function, neurotransmitters, hormones, and genetics, influence cognitive functions and emotions. Students gain an understanding of sensory systems, motor control, learning, memory, and psychological disorders from a biological perspective. Special emphasis is placed on recent research findings, methods of investigation in biopsychology, and the implications of neuroscientific discoveries for mental health and behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Biopsychology 9th Edition by John P.J. Pinel
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18 Chapters
2676 Verified Questions
2676 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Biopsychology as a Neuroscience: What is Biopsychology, Anyway?
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89 Verified Questions
89 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The EEG, or __________ , is commonly recorded from the scalp.
Answer: electroencephalogram
Q2) The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the A) brain.
B) cerebellum.
C) great cerebral commissure.
D) cerebral hemispheres.
E) all of the above
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following makes it difficult to make causal interpretations of experimental results?
A) independent variables
B) dependent variables
C) constant variables
D) confounded variables
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Q4) According to the text, __________ played a key role in the emergence of the field of biopsychology by writing a book published in 1949. Answer: Hebb
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Chapter 2: Evolution, Genetics, and Experience: Thinking About the Biology of Behavior
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most extensive study of twins reared apart is the A) British study.
B) Canadian study.
C) New York study.
D) Minnesota study.
E) North African study. Answer: D
Q2) The idea that the human brain and human mind are separate entities was formalized in the 1600s by A) Hebb.
B) Locke.
C) Plato.
D) Descartes.
E) Pinel.
Answer: D
Q3) The nucleotide base __________ is found in DNA but not in RNA. Answer: thymine
Q4) Mammals evolved from a line of small __________. Answer: reptiles
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System
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153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The functions of the occipital cortex are largely A) motor.
B) visual.
C) auditory.
D) somatosensory.
E) olfactory.
Answer: B
Q2) Clusters of neural cell bodies in the CNS are called A) neurons.
B) ganglia.
C) nerves.
D) nuclei.
E) buttons.
Answer: D
Q3) The __________ stain colors entirely black a few neurons in each brain slice.
Answer: Golgi
Q4) The __________ dangles from the hypothalamus.
Answer: pituitary
Q5) Pyramidal cells have __________ dendrites.
Answer: apical
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All __________ neurotransmitters are synthesized from tyrosine.
Q2) The brief period of time immediately after the initiation of an action potential when it is absolutely impossible to initiate another one in the same neuron is called the A) threshold of excitation.
B) threshold of inhibition.
C) absolute refractory period.
D) IPSP.
E) relative refractory period.
Q3) The most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain is __________.
Q4) Metabotropic receptors are associated with signal proteins in the cell membrane of the postsynaptic neuron and with __________ that are attached to the signal protein inside the neuron.
Q5) Opiates play a role in A) analgesia.
B) pleasure.
C) retrograde transport.
D) both A and B
E) both B and C
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Chapter 5: The Research Methods of Biopsychology
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most radial arm mazes have
A) 8 or more arms radiating out from a central starting area.
B) 8 or more arms radiating out from a central goal area.
C) 8 arms that continuously revolve.
D) no goal areas.
E) no starting area.
Q2) The Morris water maze is commonly used to study
A) swimming in fish.
B) spatial ability in rats.
C) maze running in rats.
D) passive avoidance in fish.
E) swimming in rats.
Q3) Knockout mice are mice that
A) have had a concussion.
B) are susceptible to concussion.
C) have amnesia.
D) both A and C
E) none of the above
Q4) Describe the conditioned taste aversion phenomenon and how it changed how researchers thought about learning.
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Chapter 6: The Visual System
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The photopic spectral sensitivity curve of a person can be determined by having the person report the
A) intensity of various wavelengths of light shone on the fovea.
B) brightness of various wavelengths of light shone on the fovea.
C) intensity of various wavelengths of light shone on the periphery of the retina.
D) brightness of various intensities of light shone on the periphery of the retina.
E) both B and D
Q2) Saccades are
A) connections between the photopic and scotopic systems.
B) blind spots.
C) eye movements.
D) centers of color vision.
E) retinal neurons.
Q3) Dual-opponent color cells are found in peg-like columns called __________.
Q4) The Mach band demonstration is an excellent demonstration of contrast
Q5) The belief that __________ is specific to faces has been challenged.
Q6) About half the complex cells in monkey primary visual cortex are __________.
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Chapter 7: Mechanisms of Perception
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150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The __________ system carries pain and temperature information from the body to the brain.
Q2) The olfactory tracts project from the olfactory bulbs to the structure of the medial temporal lobes, particularly to the
A) amygdala.
B) thalamus.
C) piriform cortex.
D) all of the above
E) both A and C
Q3) A hierarchical system is one in which
A) there is one absolute top.
B) there is one absolute bottom.
C) each element has specific levels or ranks with respect to one another.
D) no two elements are at the same level.
E) there is no cortical involvement.
Q4) The organization of the auditory system is not retinotopic; it is __________.
Q5) A __________ is an area of the body that is innervated by the dorsal roots of one segment of the spinal cord.
Q6) The identification of objects by touch is called __________.
Q7) Sensory systems are hierarchical, parallel, and __________ segregated.
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Chapter 8: The Sensorimotor System
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Small areas of secondary motor cortex were discovered in the A) dorsolateral frontal lobe.
B) lateral prefrontal lobe.
C) cingulate gyrus.
D) posterior parietal lobe.
E) cerebellum.
Q2) The only movements that are not greatly influenced by sensory feedback are __________ movements.
Q3) In the classic experiments of Lawrence and Kuypers, the descending motor tracts of monkeys were transected. The results of these experiments suggest that the function of the ventromedial pathways is the control of A) posture.
B) movements of the body core and associated arm movements.
C) reaching for objects.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Q4) The basal ganglia receive signals from various parts of the cortex and transmit them back to the cortex via the __________.
Q5) The somatotopic map of the primary motor cortex is called the motor __________.
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Chapter 9: Development of the Nervous System
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) At the tip of each growing axon or dendrite is an amoebalike process called
A) an amoeba cell.
B) a growth cone.
C) a pioneer cell.
D) a blueprint cell.
E) a growth cell.
Q2) How long does one eye have to be deprived of stimulation early in life in order to reduce its ability to activate visual cortex?
A) a few days
B) a few minutes
C) a few seconds
D) a few years
E) a few months
Q3) Most cell division in the developing neural tube occurs in the A) hindbrain zone.
B) ventricular zone.
C) ventricles.
D) posterior zone.
E) midbrain.
Q4) Radial migration of developing neurons occurs along __________ glial cells.
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Chapter 10: Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Genetic studies of Alzheimer's disease suggest that it is
A) caused by one dominant gene.
B) caused by one recessive gene.
C) not genetic.
D) influenced by numerous genes.
E) unaffected by experience.
Q2) The mumps and herpes simplex viruses are common examples of A) cerebral tumors.
B) viruses that can attack the brain but do not have a particular affinity for brain tissue.
C) diseases that usually cause brain abscesses.
D) viruses that have a particular affinity for brain tissue.
E) bacterial infections.
Q3) Acoustic neuromas are A) encapsulated.
B) benign.
C) located on the 8th cranial nerve.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q4) There are two main categories of __________ seizures: simple and complex.
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Chapter 11: Learning, Memory, and Amnesia
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neurons that respond only to specific individuals or objects have been discovered in the human brain. These have been termed
A) Halle Berry cells.
B) Jennifer Aniston cells.
C) Lisa Kudrow cells.
D) Yoda cells.
E) person cells.
Q2) Electroconvulsive shock is commonly used in studies of memory because it A) improves semantic memory.
B) has amnesic effects similar to those produce by concussion. C) causes hippocampal damage.
D) is an effective form of therapy for anxiety.
E) produces no retrograde effects on memory.
Q3) The __________ is thought to play a role in working memory and memory for temporal order.
Q4) Posttraumatic amnesia for events that occur in the period after a concussive blow to the head is called __________ amnesia.
Q5) NMDA receptors respond to the __________ neurotransmitter.
Q6) Approximately __________% of people experience infantile amnesia.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Hunger, Eating, and Health
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145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Efforts to develop a leptin treatment for the many people who suffer from obesity have been
A) disappointing.
B) promising.
C) very successful.
D) successful, but in only 50% of obese people.
E) waiting for support from granting agencies and ethics boards before they can begin.
Q2) Which hormone, other than leptin, meets the criteria of a negative feedback signal for body fat regulation?
A) insulin
B) neuropeptide Y
C) glucagon
D) serotonin
E) bile
Q3) Discuss the two mechanisms by which rats cope with deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, and describe relevant research. Why do so many humans experience vitamin and mineral deficiencies?
Q4) In nature, __________ tastes are often associated with toxins.
Q5) In our culture, most anorexics and bulimics have a history of strict __________.
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Chapter 13: Hormones and Sex
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The pituitary dangles from a stalk connected to the __________.
Q2) All of the sex steroids that are released by the gonads are also released by the A) sweat glands.
B) adrenal cortex.
C) pituitary.
D) anterior pituitary.
E) adrenal medulla.
Q3) In sensitive species, female fetuses are protected from the masculinizing effects of their mother's estradiol by A) estrogens.
B) alpha fetoprotein.
C) the blood-brain barrier.
D) diethylstilbestrol.
E) lordosis.
Q4) The word that refers specifically to the removal of the testes is A) orchidectomy.
B) ovariectomy.
C) gonadectomy.
D) castration.
E) both A and C
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms
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187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In one study, 8 volunteers reduced their sleep by 30 minutes per night until they did not want to reduce it further. A major finding was that
A) 4 managed to reduce their sleep to 5 hours per night.
B) 2 managed to reduce their sleep to 4.5 hours per night.
C) the volunteers began to experience significant daytime sleepiness once they had reduced their sleep to 6 hours or less per night.
D) the volunteers were still sleeping between 7 and 18 hours less per week when they were tested 1 year after the experiment ended.
E) all of the above
Q2) Normally, the fifth stage of sleep EEG to be reached after a person falls asleep at night is stage __________.
Q3) Which of the following is not a change that signals the beginning of REM sleep?
A) a decrease in EEG amplitude
B) an increase in the tension of the muscles of the body core
C) an increase in the oxygen consumption of the brain
D) an increase in the irregularity of the pulse
E) an increase in EEG frequency
Q4) REMs are associated with __________ stage 1 EEG.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Drug Addiction and the Brains Reward Circuits
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the conditioned place-preference paradigm, rats usually prefer the A) control compartment.
B) lever that they have previously pressed to obtain addictive drugs.
C) the goal box of the maze.
D) light that has previously been paired with drug withdrawal.
E) none of the above
Q2) As drug addiction develops, the control of drug taking seems to spread from the ventral to the dorsal __________.
Q3) "Song of Praise" was written by Freud about A) nicotine.
B) cigars.
C) his female companion.
D) cocaine.
E) heroin.
Q4) Freud died in 1939 from cancer caused by his addiction to A) cocaine. B) morphine.
C) nicotine.
D) alcohol.
E) marijuana.
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Chapter 16: Lateralization, Language, and the Split Brain
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Sample Questions
Q1) The study of how left and right hemispheres differ in their approach to cognitive tasks has led to the concept of a left hemisphere
A) interpreter.
B) reporter.
C) responder.
D) calculator.
E) scientist.
Q2) The Wernicke-Geschwind model is a
A) serial model.
B) parallel model.
C) holistic, nonlocalizationist model.
D) both A and C
E) both B and C
Q3) The major weakness of functional brain-imaging techniques as research tools is that they cannot
A) be used to study nonhuman primates.
B) prove causation.
C) be used to study subcortical structures.
D) reveal activity in cerebral nuclei.
E) be used to study split-brain patients.
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Chapter 17: Biopsychology of Emotion, Stress, and Health
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154 Verified Questions
154 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lesions to which brain structure in rats disrupt auditory fear conditioning to complex sounds but not simple sounds?
A) auditory cortex
B) hypothalamus
C) periaqueductal gray
D) amygdala
E) medial geniculate nucleus
Q2) The Kluver-Bucy syndrome appears to result, to a large degree, from bilateral damage to the
A) hippocampus.
B) hypothalamus.
C) amygdala.
D) septum.
E) cortex.
Q3) H. pylori has been implicated as a causal factor in
A) gastric ulcers.
B) heart disease.
C) stress.
D) immune dysfunction.
E) brain tumors.
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Chapter 18: Biopsychology of Psychiatric Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the various anxiety disorders and the drugs that are used in their treatment. What have these drugs suggested about the mechanisms of anxiety disorders?
Q2) Depression for which there is no apparent cause is called __________ depression.
Q3) By definition, mood stabilizers act against
A) seasonal affective disorder.
B) depression without increasing mania.
C) mania without increasing depression.
D) lithium.
E) either B or C
Q4) A strict interpretation of the D2-version of the dopamine theory of schizophrenia cannot explain key findings. Discuss three of these findings and reach a conclusion.
Q5) How many gene therapies are currently in widespread routine clinical use?
A) 0
B) 2
C) 8
D) over 50
E) over 100
Q6) Motor and verbal __________ are the primary symptoms of Tourette syndrome.
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