Biological Psychology
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Biological Psychology explores the intricate relationship between biological processes and behavior, emphasizing the role of the brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics in shaping human thought, emotion, and action. This course examines how neural mechanisms contribute to sensory perception, motivation, learning, memory, and mental health. Students will develop an understanding of neuroanatomy, neurotransmission, and the biological underpinnings of psychological disorders, as well as the methods used in biopsychological research. Through lectures, discussions, and hands-on activities, learners will gain insights into how biology forms the foundation of the human experience.
Recommended Textbook
Sensation and Perception 10th Edition by E. Bruce Goldstein
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) List seven steps from a stimulus in the environment to an action by the perceiving individual, illustrating each step with an example.
Answer: Stimulus in the environment
Stimulus passes through the environment to the receptors
Receptor processes
Neural processing
Perception
Recognition
Action
Examples will vary.
Q2) The process of transforming energy in the environment into electrical energy in the neurons is called _____.
A) refraction
B) transduction
C) reduction
D) Construction
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: The Beginning of the Perceptual Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals with myopia may have difficulty seeing _____ objects clearly. Often times, they are also referred to as being _____.
A) nearby; farsighted
B) nearby; nearsighted
C) distant; farsighted
D) distant; nearsighted
Answer: D
Q2) The three major parts of a neuron are _____.
A) dendrites, cell body, and axon
B) axon, nerve fiber, and receptor
C) receptor, transmitter, and median
D) receptor, dendrites, and conductor
Answer: A
Q3) The flow of ions that create the action potential are caused by the changes in the _____ of the nerve fiber.
A) suppression
B) permeability
C) accommodation
D) assimilation
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Neural Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hartline et al. (1956) selected the Limulus to demonstrate lateral inhibition because
A) it was possible to illuminate a single receptor without illuminating its adjacent receptor
B) it was readily available to him and was extremely easy to breed in the lab
C) the Limulus eye contained more cones than rods
D) the Limulus has excellent color vision
Answer: A
Q2) Neurons in the _____ respond to complex stimuli, but not simple stimuli such as straight lines.
A) LGN
B) striate cortex
C) IT cortex
D) retina
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Cortical Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) The dorsal pathway goes to the ______ lobe.
A) temporal
B) frontal
C) parietal
D) occipital
Q2) Describe research on brain damaged people that support the idea that the dorsal stream is the "how" pathway.
Q3) Tsao et al. (2006) found that _____ of neurons in the monkey IT cortex were face selective.
A) 12%
B) 97%
C) 70%
D) 43%
Q4) Dougherty et al. (2003) used brain imaging to investigate cortical magnification. Their primary finding was that _____.
A) information presented in the peripheral vision activated the most brain area
B) information presented to the fovea activated the most brain area
C) moving stimuli activated different brain areas than stationary stimuli
D) cortical magnification is not detectable using fMRI
Q5) Describe how an object such as a tree is represented in the striate cortex.
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Chapter 5: Perceiving Objects and Scenes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ decoder is intended to discriminate between different categories of images, such as outdoor scenes and portraits.
A) orientation
B) structure?
C) scene
D) semantic
Q2) A voxel is _____.
A) a small cube-shaped area of the brain about 2 mm on each side
B) an electrode used to measure brain activity?
C) the basic unit of sensation?
D) the retinal area on which an image is projected?
Q3) Suppose you were to review dozens of photographs of various natural and manmade scenes on social media. You would expect that _____.
A) horizontal and vertical orientations would be most common
B) diagonal orientations would be most common?
C) the major environmental regularities would be incompatible with Gestalt principals?
D) environmental irregularities would be more salient than environmental regularities?
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Chapter 6: Visual Attention
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the load theory of attention.
Q2) "Learning from past experience" as a factor involved in attention was demonstrated by Shinoda et al. (2001), who showed that drivers are more likely to detect stop signs when they were positioned _____.
A) at the middle of a block
B) 75 feet from the intersection
C) at the intersection
D) at random through a neighborhood
Q3) The eye movements that occur as the observer shifts his/her gaze from one part of the visual scene to another are called _____ eye movements.
A) pursuit
B) magnified
C) Saccadic
D) Aperature
Q4) Describe Posner et al.'s (1978) precueing procedure, the classic results obtained using this procedure, and the implications for attention theory.
Q5) How is talking on a cell phone while driving different from talking to passengers while driving
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Chapter 7: Taking Action
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Q1) Which statement is true concerning the focus of expansion?
A) It always occurs at the point you are fixated on.
B) It always occurs at the point you are moving toward.
C) It continues in the same direction once established.
D) It always contains the fastest flow of information.
Q2) Proposed functions of mirror neurons include their role in _____.
A) applying common heuristics
B) facilitating the binding of information sources.
C) developing metacognitive skills
D) aiding interpretation of facial expressions.
Q3) Describe evidence from monkey studies that suggests that mirror neurons do more than respond to patterns of motion.
Q4) Research with patients who were being prepared for surgery to treat severe epilepsy found that neurons in patients' _____ functioned like the rat grid cells.
A) entorhinal cortex
B) medial superior temporal area
C) retrosplenial cortex
D) superior temporal sulcus
Q5) Discuss research that shows how vision is important in performing a somersault.
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Chapter 8: Perceiving Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kourtzi and Kanwisher (2000) used fMRIs to show that "implied motion" stimuli cause
A) greater responses in the MT and MST than "no-implied motion" stimuli
B) less firing in the MT and MST than "no-implied motion" stimuli
C) less firing in the amygdala than the "house" pictures
D) the same amount of firing in the MST as "house" pictures
Q2) Which type of signal is sent from the brain to the eye muscles
A) image displacement signal
B) ciliary signal
C) motor signal
D) comparator signal
Q3) An afterimage when viewed in the dark appears to move when you move your eyes. The corollary discharge theory predicts this because _____.
A) there is an IDS, but not a CDS
B) there is no IDS, but there is a CDS
C) there is no IDS and no CDS
D) there is both IDS and CDS
Q4) Describe the case of the woman with akinetopsia. What does this case tell us about the importance of motion perception?
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Chapter 9: Perceiving Color
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Sample Questions
Q1) A monochromat experiences _____.
A) black, white, and grays
B) black, grays, and greens
C) different shades of red
D) different shades of blue
Q2) The reflectance curve is a plot of the light reflected off a surface as a function of _____.
A) spatial frequency
B) contrast
C) wavelength
D) orientation
Q3) Bornstein et al. habituated a four-month-old infants to a 510 nm ("green") stimulus, then presented a 480nm ("blue") stimulus or a 540nm ("green") stimulus. The infants in this study dishabituated to _____
A) the 480 nm stimulus only
B) the 540 nm stimulus only
C) both of the 480nm and 540nm stimulus
D) neither the 480 nm nor the 540 nm stimulus
Q4) Explain (with examples) the difference between additive color mixture and subtractive color mixture.
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Chapter 10: Perceiving Depth and Size
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Q1) When your professor stands behind a podium, you perceive your professor as being further away than the podium because the podium blocks the vision of the professor's body. This is an example of which depth cue
A) relative height
B) convergence
C) occlusion
D) accommodation
Q2) The ability to use binocular disparity as a depth cue _____.
A) develops after using overlap as a depth cue
B) occurs before binocular fixation develops
C) develops after using familiar size as a depth cue
D) can be tested using random dot stereograms
Q3) Ambrozia is a four-month-old infant. Which depth cue is she most likely able to use A) familiar size?
B) shadows
C) linear perspective
D) binocular disparity
Q4) Name, define, and give an example (in words and/or drawings) of six pictorial depth cues.
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Chapter 11: Hearing I: Basic Processes and Pitch Perception
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Q1) Briefly describe the major principle of Békésy's place theory of hearing.
Q2) The function of the auditory canal is to enhance the intensities of some frequency sounds by means of _____.
A) resonance
B) pinnae focusing
C) additive synthesis
D) auditory masking
Q3) Alessandra is at a concert and can "feel" the music. The music is most likely being played at _____ dBs.
A) 66
B) 88
C) 102
D) 130
Q4) Describe the methods, results, and implications of research on the infant's ability to recognize the mother's voice.
Q5) Define loudness, pitch, and timbre and relate each to the physical sound stimulus.
Q6) What are the major components of a cochlear implant?
Q7) Discuss the structures and functions of the middle ear.
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Chapter 12: Hearing II: Location and Organization
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Q1) Gardner and Gardner showed that smoothing out the nooks of the pinnae _____.
A) results in more accurate localization on all coordinates
B) makes it more difficult to locate sounds along the elevation coordinate
C) results in more accurate localization along the elevation coordinate
D) does not affect spectral cues for localization
Q2) Patient J.G. has temporal lobe damage. While this has not affected his ability to locate sounds, he has difficulty recognizing sounds. This case provides evidence for _____.
A) the Jeffress model of auditory localization
B) what and where pathways in audition
C) the existence of separate subcortical structures
D) how and where pathways in audition
Q3) The fraction of all of the sound received by a listener that is indirect sound is called the _____.
A) intimacy time
B) spaciousness factor
C) bass ratio
D) reverberation time
Q4) Describe the method, results, and implications of the Hofmann et al. research on the role of spectral cues for localization.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Speech Perception
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Q1) A fan of science fiction television shows would be more likely to make sense of the phrase "Start Wreck In Tore Prize." This demonstrates the importance of _____.
A) the McGurk effect on speech perception
B) bottom-up processing on phomenic boundaries
C) articulators in speech production
D) meaning on segmentation
Q2) The discovery of _____ is used as support for the motor theory of speech perception.
A) Broca's area
B) Wernicke's area
C) audiovisual mirror neurons
D) simple cells in area V1
Q3) Discuss the methods and results of two studies of the phonemic restoration effect.
Q4) Discuss two sources of the variability problem. Provide examples for each.
Q5) What is the McGurk effect
What evidence exists for the physiological basis for this effect?
Q6) What is noise vocoded speech and what has been learned using it?
Q7) Discuss what information is used by listeners to accomplish speech segmentation.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Cutaneous Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Passive touch is to experiencing _____ as active touch is to experiencing _____.
A) the object; stimulation of the skin
B) intermittent stimulation; continuous stimulation
C) continuous stimulation; intermittent stimulation
D) stimulation of the skin; the object
Q2) When you try to identify a three-dimensional object by touch alone and are allowed to have control over your hand and finger movements, you are using _____.
A) passive touch
B) haptic perception
C) azimuth perception
D) magnification touch
Q3) Which of the following is true regarding body mapping in the somatosensory cortex
A) Body maps only appear in S1.
B) Body map regions are proportionate to the actual size of the body parts.
C) Body maps appear in both the frontal and parietal lobes.
D) Body maps appear in S1 and S2.
Q4) Discuss how cortical magnification and plasticity are related to the cortical mapping of area S1.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: The Chemical Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Olfactory transduction occurs at _____.
A) the olfactory receptor neurons
B) the amygdala
C) the papillae
D) the foliate
Q2) When presented with a common odor like banana or motor oil, participants can identify the odor approximately _____% of the time.
A) 10
B) 50
C) 87
D) 98
Q3) The _____ is the structure that contains the receptors for olfaction.
A) olfactory bulb
B) olfactory mucosa
C) chorda tympani
D) substantia gelatinosa
Q4) Compare three different methods for studying the physiology of olfaction.
Q5) Describe the capacity of human infants to experience taste and smell.
Q6) Does population coding or specificity coding occur in taste?
Support your answer with research.
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