Biological Psychology
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Biological Psychology explores the intricate relationship between biological processes and behavior, examining how the brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics influence thoughts, emotions, and actions. This course delves into topics such as neural communication, brain structure and function, sensory and motor systems, neurotransmitter activity, and the biological foundations of learning, memory, emotion, and mental health. By integrating physiological concepts with psychological theories, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying human and animal behavior, emphasizing current research and its applications in neuroscience, medicine, and psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Biological Psychology 2nd Edition by Laura Freberg
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16 Chapters
2931 Verified Questions
2931 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introducing Biological Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Wilson is interested in the functions of a nucleus found in the hypothalamus of rats.Which of the following technologies would you recommend to Dr.Wilson for answering this question?
A) repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation
B) functional magnetic resonance imaging
C) single cell recording
D) lesions and electrical brain stimulation
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between biology and behavior?
A) Biology determines behavior.
B) Behavior determines biology.
C) Biology influences behavior and behavior influences biology.
D) As the complexity of organisms evolved,biology had an increasing influence on behavior.
Answer: C
Q3) The history of biological psychology is in many ways the history of technical advances.Which three technological advances do you think were the most significant and why?
Answer: Answer not provided
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Chapter 2: The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the meninges is described as a leatherlike tissue that follows the contours of the skull bones?
A) pia mater
B) dura mater
C) arachnoid layer
D) subarachnoid space
Answer: B
Q2) The dull,aching feeling that often follows injury is probably carried by _________ nerves.
A) myelinated efferent
B) unmyelinated efferent
C) myelinated afferent
D) unmyelinated afferent
Answer: D
Q3) _________ spinal nerves are myelinated.
A) All
B) None of the
C) All efferent
D) All afferent
Answer: C
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Cells of the Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of glia is responsible for forming myelin in the central nervous system?
A) astrocytes
B) oligodendrocytes
C) Schwann cells
D) microglia
Answer: B
Q2) Microtubules are the largest type of fibers found in the neural cytoskeleton.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Conduction of action potentials in a myelinated axon is referred to as A) absolute.
B) relative.
C) saltatory.
D) passive.
Answer: C
Q4) Describe the process of presynaptic inhibition.
Answer: In presynaptic inhibition,an axo-axonic synapse onto an axon terminal reduces the amount of neurotransmitter it releases.
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Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Botulin,and its deactivated version Botox,causes muscle paralysis by
A) interfering with the synthesis of ACh.
B) preventing the release of ACh.
C) blocking ACh receptors.
D) blocking the action of acetylcholinesterase.
Q2) Black widow spider venom acts as a
A) cholinergic agonist.
B) cholinergic antagonist.
C) dopaminergic agonist.
D) dopaminergic antagonist.
Q3) Which of the following substances is found only in neurons that produce acetylcholine?
A) choline
B) acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)
C) tryptophan
D) choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)
Q4) How does cocaine produce its behavioral effects?
Q5) Describe the action of phencyclidine (PCP)at the synapse,and relate this mode of action to the behavioral effects of the drug.
Page 6
Q6) Distinguish between neurotransmitters,neuromodulators,and neurohormones.
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Chapter 5: Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain
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Sample Questions
Q1) Internal organs develop from which germ layer?
A) the endoderm
B) the mesoderm
C) the ectoderm
D) the blastoderm
Q2) Which of the following is the best definition of the human genome?
A) The complete genetic composition of a human being.
B) An individual's observable characteristics that are not due to environmental factors.
C) The translation of the genotype into the phenotype of an organism.
D) A functional hereditary unit made up of DNA that occupies a fixed location on a chromosome.
Q3) Joan has one APOE<sup>3</sup> and one APOE<sup>4</sup> allele.This means Joan is heterozygous for the APOE gene.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the process of differentiation of ectodermal cells into skin and neural tissue.
Q5) Describe what it means to be an imprinted gene.
Q6) Describe the process of apoptosis.
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Chapter 6: Vision
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Sample Questions
Q1) The human blind spot results when light falls on the A) fovea.
B) optic disk.
C) macula.
D) temporal retina.
Q2) If in fact tetrachromats,or people with four color photopigments,exist,what can we conclude about their sex?
A) All tetrachromats would be female.
B) All tetrachromats would be male.
C) Tetrachromats would be equally likely to be male or female.
D) Tetrachromats would be slightly more likely to be female than male.
Q3) Horizontal cells receive input from _________ and provide output to _________.
A) photoreceptors;bipolar cells
B) photoreceptors;ganglion cells
C) amacrine cells;bipolar cells
D) bipolar cells;photoreceptors
Q4) Describe the organization of the lateral geniculate nucleus.
Q5) The lens of the eye continues to grow throughout the lifespan.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Nonvisual Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Andrew turned the thermostat on his family's hot tub to 113 degrees F (45 degrees C).When he stuck his toe in the water to test it,it is likely that which of the following receptors responded?
A) nociceptors only
B) nociceptors and warm fibers
C) warm fibers only
D) warm fibers,cold fibers,and nociceptors
Q2) Olfactory receptor cells differ from most other neural cells in that they A) die and are replaced frequently.
B) replicate by mitosis.
C) have no dendrites.
D) use gaseous neurotransmitters exclusively.
Q3) A low frequency sound wave is perceived as A) quiet.
B) loud.
C) high pitched.
D) low pitched.
Q4) How does the chemical composition of the endolymph affect the activity of hair cells in the cochlea?
Q5) What is otosclerosis and how is it treated?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a resting muscle fiber,_________ is covered by _________.
A) actin;troponin
B) actin;calcium
C) myosin;troponin
D) myosin;calcium
Q2) The basal ganglia inhibit the activity of the thalamus.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following structures is part of the basal ganglia?
A) the red nucleus
B) the putamen
C) the cerebellum
D) the reticular formation
Q4) Describe the relationship between alpha motor neurons and the fiber types that they innervate.
Q5) The corticospinal tract crosses the midline at the level of the
A) superior colliculi of the midbrain.
B) junction between the midbrain and pons.
C) junction between the pons and medulla.
D) junction between the medulla and spinal cord.
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Chapter 9: Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger
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Sample Questions
Q1) A biologist is studying an animal with an elongated body and very long legs,ears,and tail.It is likely that this animal lives in a _________ climate.
A) cold
B) moderate
C) hot
D) dry
Q2) Jessica's weight of 123 pounds doesn't vary much regardless of what she eats from day to day.It is likely that 123 pounds is Jessica's
A) ideal weight.
B) set point.
C) homeostasis.
D) drive state.
Q3) Immediately following a meal,blood levels of
A) insulin are low and blood levels of glucose are high.
B) insulin are high and blood levels of glucose are low.
C) both insulin and glucose are high.
D) both fats and glucose are low.
Q4) How does an organism's surface-to-volume ratio affect temperature regulation?
Q5) How does a set point work? Provide one example.
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Chapter 10: Sexual Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between androgens and male sexual frequency?
A) Sexual frequency and androgen levels are strongly correlated for men of all ages.
B) Sexual frequency is positively correlated with androgen levels in young men,but not in older men.
C) Sexual frequency is positively correlated with androgen levels in older men,but not as much in younger men.
D) Sexual frequency shows a zero correlation with androgen levels in men of all ages.
Q2) During his freshman year at a college far from home,James wrote home frequently asking for more money for clothes,as he was continuing to grow taller.His father thought James was just responding to peer pressure,but his mother,a physician,pointed out that it was likely that James was really still growing because he had A) gone through puberty somewhat later than most of his peers.
B) Turner syndrome.
C) congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).
D) gone through puberty somewhat earlier than most of his peers.
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Chapter 11: Sleep and Waking
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a sleep attack caused by narcolepsy,the patient initially enters a period of NREM sleep.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Acetylcholine (ACh)levels in the brain are high during _______________ sleep,but lower during ______________ sleep.
A) REM;wakefulness and NREM
B) NREM;wakefulness and REM
C) wakefulness and REM;NREM
D) wakefulness and NREM;REM
Q3) Two pathways essential to wakefulness originate in the
A) reticular formation of the medulla.
B) lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.
C) preoptic area of the hypothalamus.
D) reticular formation of the rostral pons.
Q4) The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)is active during the
A) day for diurnal species and during the night for nocturnal species.
B) day for nocturnal species and during the night for diurnal species.
C) day for both diurnal and nocturnal species.
D) night for both diurnal and nocturnal species.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Interneurons involved with sensitization in Aplysia release the neurotransmitter
A) dopamine.
B) acetylcholine.
C) serotonin.
D) norepinephrine.
Q2) Monkeys were most impaired in their performance on the delayed nonmatching to sample (DNMS)test following lesions in the interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Drosophila engineered to produce extra CREB-1
A) were unable to learn and form short-term memories.
B) were able to form short-,but not long-term memories.
C) formed long-term memories more easily than usual.
D) showed habituation and sensitization,but not classical conditioning.
Q4) In Pavlov's classic experiments with dogs and salivation,food serves as the A) conditioned stimulus.
B) conditioned response.
C) unconditioned stimulus.
D) unconditioned response.
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Chapter 13: Lateralization, language, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patients can still repeat words and phrases accurately in cases of
A) Broca's aphasia.
B) transcortical aphasia.
C) conduction aphasia.
D) Wernicke's aphasia.
Q2) People with Wernicke's aphasia
A) speak slowly and laboriously.
B) comprehend most of what they hear.
C) appear deeply concerned that they are not making sense.
D) appear unaware that they are not making sense.
Q3) In the language model by Dronkers,Pinker,and Damasio,semantic knowledge is managed by a(n)
A) implementation system existing in Broca's and Wernicke's areas.
B) mediational system existing in association cortex of the temporal,parietal,and frontal lobes.
C) conceptual system existing in Broca's and Wernicke's areas.
D) conceptual system existing in higher-order association cortex.
Q4) Why do some researchers believe that a vulnerability to schizophrenia coincided with genetic changes that made human language possible?
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Chapter 14: Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress
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Sample Questions
Q1) You were walking across campus when you noticed a man and a woman standing with their heads very close together.You realized it was your ex-boyfriend and your best friend.It took you a minute to react to this-to recognize who it was and then to appraise the situation and recognize the emotion you felt.This supports the _________ theory.
A) Cannon-Bard
B) James-Lange
C) Schacter-Singer
D) general adaptation
Q2) The medial forebrain bundle makes connections between the A) mammillary bodies and the hippocampus.
B) two cerebral hemispheres.
C) midbrain and the limbic system.
D) thalamus and the cerebral cortex.
Q3) Voluntary and spontaneous emotional expressions are mediated by different pathways in the brain.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the relationship between stress and health?
Q5) Describe somatic marker theory.
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Chapter 15: Neurological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Halstead-Reiten battery is used to assess A) cognitive function.
B) reflexes.
C) sensation.
D) coma.
Q2) The Kennard Principle appears to predict recovery of language functions,but not necessarily other types of cognitive function,following brain damage.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The area of neural tissue surrounding an infarct is known as the A) embolism.
B) thrombosis.
C) penumbra.
D) aneurysm.
Q4) Cerebral hemorrhages
A) usually do not cause much damage unless they continue for more than 24 hours. B) produce milder symptoms than ischemia.
C) usually do not produce noticeable behavioral symptoms.
D) are typically fatal.
Q5) What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
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Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Schizophrenia occurs
A) more frequently in rural than in urban environments.
B) more frequently in urban than in rural environments.
C) about as frequently in urban as in rural environments.
D) more frequently in rural environments in wealthy countries and in urban environments in poorer countries.
Q2) Lithium acts on the symptoms of bipolar disorder by
A) enhancing norepinephrine activity.
B) reducing norepinephrine activity.
C) enhancing serotonin activity.
D) reducing serotonin activity.
Q3) Countries with high consumption of foods containing omega-3 fatty acids
A) have higher rates of bipolar disorder than countries where consumption of these foods is less.
B) have about the same rates of bipolar disorder as countries where consumption of these foods is less.
C) have lower rates of bipolar disorder than countries where consumption of these foods is less.
D) report no cases of bipolar disorder.
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