Biological Psychology
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Biological Psychology explores the intricate relationship between the brain, nervous system, and behavior. This course delves into how biological processes such as neuroanatomy, neurotransmission, genetic influences, and hormonal regulation affect mental processes and observable actions. Through a scientific approach, students examine topics including neural communication, sensory and motor systems, emotion, cognition, and the biological bases of psychological disorders. Emphasis is placed on both foundational theory and recent research findings to foster an understanding of how biology shapes human thought and behavior.
Recommended Textbook
An Introduction to Brain and Behavior 5th Edition by Bryan Kolb
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Page 2
Chapter 1:What Are the Origins of Brain and Behavior?
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are memes and how do they influence our evolution?
Answer: no answer
Q2) How might climate changes have influenced the evolution of the human brain?
Answer: Climate changes could have influenced the evolution of the human brain in several ways. One possibility is that as the climate changed, it would have affected the availability of food sources. This could have led to the need for humans to adapt and develop new hunting and gathering strategies, which would have required increased cognitive abilities. Additionally, changes in climate could have also led to the need for humans to develop new tools and technologies to survive in different environments, further driving the evolution of the brain. Furthermore, fluctuations in climate could have also impacted social structures and interactions, leading to the need for increased communication and cooperation, which would have also influenced the development of the human brain. Overall, climate changes could have played a significant role in shaping the evolution of the human brain by driving the need for increased cognitive abilities, problem-solving skills, and social intelligence.
Q3) What is epigenetics and why is it an important topic to study?
Answer: no answer
Q4) What is materialism and how has it influenced the study of neuroscience?
Answer: no answer
Page 3
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Chapter 1:What Are the Origins of Brain and Behavior? Part
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ allowed humans to maximize caloric gain and spend less time foraging.
A) Living in larger social groups
B) Cooking food
C) Eating vegetation
D) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: B
Q2) Tools are associated with:
A) Homo habilis.
B) Homo erectus.
C) Homo sapiens.
D) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Q3) The first primate to walk upright similar to humans was:
A) Homo erectus.
B) Homo habilis.
C) Neanderthals.
D) Australopithecus.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2:What Is the Nervous System's Functional
Anatomy? Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Differentiate between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Answer: The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are two branches of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate.
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response. When activated, it increases heart rate, dilates the airways, and redirects blood flow to the muscles, preparing the body for physical activity. This response is triggered in times of stress or danger.
On the other hand, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "rest and digest" response. When activated, it slows down heart rate, constricts the airways, and stimulates digestion. This response helps the body to relax and recover after a stressful situation.
In summary, the sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action and stress, while the parasympathetic nervous system promotes relaxation and recovery. These two systems work in balance to maintain homeostasis in the body.
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Page 5
Chapter 2:What Is the Nervous System's Functional
Anatomy? Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gyri are:
A) bumps on the surface of the cortex.
B) cracks on the surface of the cortex.
C) deformities on the surface of the cortex.
D) only found in the spinal cord.
Q2) The term afferent refers to _____ signals.
A) incoming
B) outgoing
C) different
D) similar
Q3) Following a recent stroke Jim experiences difficulty with directing movements toward objects.The stroke is most likely to have occurred in his:
A) frontal lobe.
B) temporal lobe.
C) occipital lobe.
D) parietal lobe.
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Chapter
Part A
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Q1) What are the differences between knock-in and knockout mice?
Q2) What are the major functions of ependymal cells?
Q3) List the internal components of a cell.
Q4) Differentiate between Santiago Ramón y Cajal's and Camillo Golgi's views on brain cell functioning.
Q5) Differentiate between dominant and recessive genes.
Q6) What are the major functions of Schwann cells? How do they assist in the recovery from nerve damage?
Q7) What are the major functions of astroglia?
Q8) What are the three types of brain tumors? How do they differ from one another?
Q9) What is selective breeding,and how can it be used to select for specific traits? Give an example.
Q10) What are the five types of glial cells,and what are their primary functions?
Q11) What are three major types of neurons? How are they functionally different?
Q13) List the types of genetic engineering. Page 7
Q12) What functions do proteins contribute to cell function?
Q14) How does genetic engineering help us understand the human condition?
Q15) What is Huntington disease,and what are its genetic determinants?
Q16) What is Down syndrome,and what are its genetic determinants?
Q17) List the functions of the cell nucleus.
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Chapter 3:What Are the Nervous System's Functional Units?
Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the cells in our body are made from a book of blueprints contained in:
A) growth cells in the pituitary gland,at the base of the brain.
B) glial cells surrounding the neurons.
C) chromosomes of each individual cell.
D) pyramidal cells in the brain.
Q2) If you want to study the role of a specific gene on a particular behavior,you could take the gene from one species and insert it into the genome of another species.This is:
A) cloning.
B) knockout technology.
C) knock-in technology.
D) use of chimeric animals.
Q3) Humans have approximately:
A) 20,000 genes.
B) 75,000 genes.
C) 125,000 genes.
D) 175,000 genes.
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9
Chapter 4:How Do Neurons Use Electrical Signals to
Transmit Information? Part A
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Q1) What is back propagation,and how is it linked with neuroplasticity?
Q2) What processes are involved in initiating an action potential?
Q3) Differentiate between absolute and relative refractory periods.
Q4) How do nerve impulses produce movement?
Q5) What are temporal and spatial summation?
Q6) Describe the pioneering work of Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley,which earned them a Nobel Prize.
Q7) What are the two primary reasons refractory periods are important for the conduction of nerve impulses?
Q8) Differentiate between a diffusion and a concentration gradient.
Q9) What is an electroencephalogram (EEG)and how is it recorded?
Q10) What is significant about the giant axon of the squid?
Q11) How does the sodium-potassium pump work?
Q12) What is a graded potential?
Q13) What processes participate in maintaining the resting potential? Page 10
Q14) What is the patch technique?
Q15) What is a voltmeter?
Q16) Differentiate between a negative and a positive pole.
Q17) How does the nerve impulse travel from the axon hillock to the end of the axon without degrading in magnitude?
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11
Chapter 4:How Do Neurons Use Electrical Signals to
Transmit Information? Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ may play a role in the neural plasticity that is associated with learning.
A) Spatial summation
B) Back propagation
C) Temporal summation
D) The relative refractory period
Q2) Research on optogenetics and light-sensitive ion channels has revealed that channel rhodopsin-2 can be used to _____ neurons and halorhodopsin can be used to _____ neurons.
A) hyperpolarize;depolarize
B) depolarize;hyperpolarize
C) destroy;depolarize
D) depolarize;destroy
Q3) The muscle end plate is activated by the neurotransmitter:
A) serotonin.
B) norepinephrine.
C) dopamine.
D) acetylcholine.
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Page 12
Chapter 5:How Do Neurons Communicate and Adapt? Part
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is the correct sequence of amine neurotransmitters?
A) tyrosine,dopamine,L-dopa,epinephrine,norepinephrine
B) L-dopa,tyrosine,dopamine,norepinephrine,epinephrine
C) tyrosine,L-dopa,dopamine,epinephrine,norepinephrine
D) tyrosine,L-dopa,dopamine,norepinephrine,epinephrine
Q2) Acetylcholine has been related to:
A) depression.
B) schizophrenia.
C) Alzheimer disease.
D) mania.
Q3) The contents of a synaptic vesicle include:
A) neurotransmitters.
B) structural proteins.
C) DNA.
D) neurotransmitters,structural proteins,and DNA.
Q4) Reuptake is accomplished by:
A) transporter proteins.
B) glial cells.
C) enzymes.
D) calcium channels .
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Chapter 5:How Do Neurons Communicate and Adapt? Part
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Q1) Describe the synthesis of the amine neurotransmitters.
Q2) What are the three ways a synapse can change in order to accommodate learning?
Q3) What are transmitter-activated receptors?
Q4) What are the four steps involved in transmitting information across a chemical synapse?
Q5) What behaviors are associated with the serotonergic system?
Q6) What are second messengers? What role do they play in neural transmission?
Q7) What are the four main amino acid transmitters and what are their functions?
Q8) What is a neurotransmitter?
Q9) What are the four criteria used to determine whether a substance is a neurotransmitter?
Q10) List four peptide transmitters.
Q11) Define sensitization.What is the synaptic basis of sensitization?
Q12) What is the function of storage granules?
Q13) What neurotransmitter system is used in the somatic nervous system (SNS)? How does it activate lead to depolarization? Page 14
Q14) What are the four major classes of neurotransmitters?
Q15) What are the different ways in which a neurotransmitter could become deactivated?
Q16) Define habituation.What is the synaptic basis of the habituation response?
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Page 15
Chapter 6:How Do Drugs and Hormones Influence the Brain and Behavior?
Part A
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Q1) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine important? What are the effects of curare on acetylcholine?
Q2) What are endorphins?
Q3) What is the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia? What evidence supports the dopamine hypothesis?
Q4) Give examples of drugs that are used to treat depression.What types of receptors do they operate on?
Q5) Describe the processes that are involved in starting and stopping the stress response.?
Q6) Describe the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction.
Q7) What is behavioral myopia?
Q8) Differentiate between agonists and antagonists.
Q9) Define homeostasis and give examples of homeostatic hormones.
Q10) List the most efficient routes of drug administration.
Q11) What is the organizational hypothesis?
Q12) Define and differentiate between metabolic tolerance and cellular tolerance. Page 16
Q13) What are the effects on the brain of chronically high cortisol levels?
Q14) Briefly describe the blood-brain barrier.
Q15) What are MAO inhibitors used for?
Q16) What is drug sensitization and how does it occur?
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Chapter 6:How Do Drugs and Hormones Influence the Brain and Behavior?
Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sensitivity to drugs is determined by:
A) size.
B) sex.
C) age.
D) All of the answers are correct.
Q2) When the number of enzymes needed to break down a drug in the liver increases,it is called:
A) cellular tolerance.
B) metabolic tolerance.
C) sensitization.
D) habituation.
Q3) Your friend has recently been diagnosed with major depression.She has been prescribed several SSRIs over the last few months,but none seem to be working well.Your advice to her is to ask her doctor about using:
A) clozapine.
B) ketamine.
C) L-dopa.
D) barbiturates.
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Chapter 7:How Do We Study the Brain's Structures and Functions?
Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does an MRI work?
Q2) Describe epigenetics.
Q3) What is a magnetoencephalogram (MEG)? How is it similar to an electroencephalogram and event-related potentials?
Q4) How does cerebral voltammetry work?
Q5) What is near-infrared spectroscopy? Why is it useful?
Q6) What is a PET scan? What are its advantages over other imaging methods?
Q7) How are ERPs different from an EEG? How can ERPs be used to examine the link between the brain and behavior?
Q8) What is an EEG? What are the features of the brain revealed by an EEG?
Q9) What is microdialysis? What does it study?
Q10) How does brain stimulation work? How is it used to treat Parkinson's disease?
Q11) What is optogenetics? How is it used to excite and inhibit neurons?
Q12) How does a CT scan work?
Page 19
Q13) List three examples of neuropsychological tests.What are they used to examine?
Q14) Differentiate extracellular from intracellular recording.
Q15) What is diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)? What is it used to study?
Q16) Give an example of an animal model for a human neurological disease.How are animal models useful for understanding neurological diseases?
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Chapter 7:How Do We Study the Brain's Structures and Functions?
Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following uses a rat model?
A) Parkinson disease
B) stroke
C) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
D) All of the answers are correct.
Q2) Neurotoxic lesions destroy _____,and electrolytic lesions destroy _____.
A) only neurons;only fibers
B) neurons;neurons and fibers
C) only fibers;only neurons
D) neurons and fibers;fibers
Q3) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)scans take advantage of the magnetic properties of:
A) hydrogen atoms.
B) oxygen atoms.
C) nitrogen atoms.
D) glucose atoms.
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21
Chapter 8:How Does the Nervous System Develop and
Adapt? Part A
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Q1) At what age do planning abilities become fully developed?
Q2) Why are neural stem cells so important?
Q3) From what does the nervous system develop? What is the subventricular zone?
Q4) What is synaptic pruning? Describe the process of synaptic pruning over time.
Q5) List the seven stages of brain development.
Q6) Differentiate between a zygote,an embryo,and a fetus.
Q7) What effects might caffeine and nicotine have on the developing brain?
Q8) Describe Piaget's four stages of development.
Q9) What is the chemoaffinity hypothesis?
Q10) What is imprinting? What brain structures are related to imprinting?
Q11) What are neurotrophic factors (give examples)? What role do they play in the development of the nervous system?
Q12) Describe the development of the frontal lobes.What factors have been shown to slow frontal lobe development?
Q13) Compare and contrast the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and Asperger syndrome. Page 22
Q14) Explain how language develops over the first 6 years of life.Which brain regions demonstrate the greatest changes?
Q15) Describe the process of myelination and its relationship to neural development.
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Chapter 8:How Does the Nervous System Develop and
Adapt? Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rats raised in "stimulating" environments solve mazes:
A) more slowly than rats raised in laboratory environments.
B) faster than rats raised in laboratory environments.
C) just as quickly as rats raised in laboratory environments.
D) None of the answers is correct.
Q2) The majority of glial cells migrate to their correct locations via:
A) neurotrophic factors.
B) radial glial cells.
C) chemical signals.
D) EGF.
Q3) _____ is the process that works to suppress gene expression during development.
A) Methylation
B) Mutation
C) Translation
D) Transcription
Q4) Male and female genitalia become differentiated at around:
A) 30 days.
B) 60 days.
C) 4 months.
D) 6 months.
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Part A
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Q1) What is the opponent theory of color vision? At what point in the visual system is opponent-process color coding initiated?
Q2) What is trichromatic color theory? At what point in the visual system is trichromatic color coding initiated?
Q3) Why is there a blind spot in each eye?
Q4) What is optic ataxia?
Q5) What type of vision loss would occur following damage to the right optic nerve compared with damage to the right lateral geniculate nucleus?
Q6) To what types of visual features do neurons in the temporal cortex respond?
Q7) To what stimulus does a complex cortical cell respond?
Q8) Differentiate between the functions of blob and interblob regions of visual cortex?
Q9) Describe the tectopulvinar system.
Q10) What are the main properties that differentiate rods and cones? How are they distributed in the retina?
Page 25
Q11) What are the symptoms of visual-form agnosia?
Q12) What is an on-center off-surround cell?
Q13) What are ocular dominance columns?
Q14) What is the difference between the dorsal and ventral visual streams?
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Part C
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Q1) Horizontal cells in the eye link the:
A) bipolar cells to the retinal ganglion cells.
B) receptors to the bipolar cells.
C) bipolar cells to the amacrine cells.
D) receptors to the amacrine cells.
Q2) A wavelength of 419 nanometers appears to us as: A) red.
B) green.
C) yellow.
D) blue.
Q3) The colored part of the eye is called the:
A) iris.
B) lens.
C) cornea.
D) sclera.
Q4) Retinal ganglion cells are very active when their receptive fields process:
A) uniformly bright surfaces.
B) uniformly dark surfaces.
C) the edge between a light surface and a dark surface.
D) dimly illuminated surfaces.
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Chapter 10:How Do We Hear, Speak, and Make Music?
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Q1) Define perfect pitch.What is its probable origin?
Q2) List the variables that affect birdsong.
Q3) What is the difference between Heschl's gyrus and the planum temporale?
Q4) Which two brain areas are most important for birdsong and what roles do they play?
Q5) How do bats use echolocation to navigate?
Q6) What is the difference between the tectorial membrane and the basilar membrane?
Q7) How do humans localize the source of high-frequency and low-frequency sounds in the environment? Which brain regions are involved?
Q8) Differentiate between the dorsal and ventral streams of auditory processing.
Q9) What speech area did Penfield map in the human brain? How are these regions influenced by electrical stimulation?
Q10) Differentiate between receptive aphasia and expressive aphasia.
Q11) Where on the cortex is Wernicke's area?
Q13) What are the three main physical properties of sound waves and how do they Page 28
Q12) Compare and contrast the deficits that arise in Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia.Which brain regions are affected?
Q14) Which brain regions are involved in music perception?
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29
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Sample Questions
Q1) Twenty-five cycles per second is equivalent to:
A) 5 Hz.
B) 25 Hz.
C) 50 Hz.
D) 100 Hz.
Q2) It is likely that speech and music perception are located in the:
A) frontal lobes.
B) parietal lobes.
C) temporal lobes.
D) frontal and temporal lobes.
Q3) Overtones are:
A) high-frequency tones.
B) half increments of the fundamental frequency.
C) multiples of the fundamental frequency.
D) restricted only to speech sounds.
Q4) Sounds that are louder than _____ are considered by most people to be loud.
A) 50 dB
B) 90 dB
C) 100 dB
D) 70 dB
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Chapter 11:How Does the Nervous System Respond to
Stimulation and Produce Movement? Part A
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Q1) What is a homunculus as it relates to the brain?
Q2) How does the cerebellum improvement movement control?
Q3) Differentiate between rapidly adapting and slowly adapting receptors.
Q4) What role does the brainstem play in movement?
Q5) Describe the effects of caudate-putamen damage.
Q6) Describe the gate theory of pain.What is a pain gate?
Q7) What are the basal ganglia? What role do the basal ganglia play in motor control?
Q8) What are the symptoms of Tourette syndrome?
Q9) Compare and contrast the aspects of movement that are thought to be stored in the motor cortex from the perspectives of Penfield and Graziano.
Q10) Compare and contrast the roles of the posterior and anterior spinothalamic tracts.
Q11) List the components of the posterior spinothalamic tract.
Q12) Differentiate between paraplegia and quadriplegia,including the regions of the spinal cord that are involved.
Q13) What kinds of movement problems arise following damage to premotor cortex? Page 31
Q14) What is hapsis? What receptors are responsible for our sensation of haptic information?
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Chapter 11:How Does the Nervous System Respond to
Stimulation and Produce Movement? Part C
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Q1) The sensory and motor cortices are:
A) stable neocortical areas that are fixed in function after birth.
B) stable neocortical areas that are fixed in function after puberty.
C) changed only in response to damage.
D) continuously modified with learning and experience.
Q2) Damage to the primary somatosensory motor cortex results in:
A) impaired sensory discrimination on the ipsilateral side.
B) impaired sensory discrimination on the contralateral side.
C) impaired sensory discrimination on both sides.
D) no impairment of sensory discrimination.
Q3) Which of the following receptors are slowly adapting receptors?
A) Meissner corpuscles
B) Merkel receptors
C) Ruffini corpuscles
D) Pacinian corpuscles
Q4) An example of a brain-computer interface (BCI)would be:
A) using only your thoughts to control a computer keyboard.
B) having electrical signals from an electronic device influence brain function.
C) having your thoughts relayed to someone else's brain via a computer.
D) None of the answers is correct.
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Chapter 12:What Causes Emotional and Motivated
Behavior? Part A
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Q1) _____ is an example of a nonregulatory behavior.
A) Eating
B) Drinking
C) Sexual intercourse
D) Maintaining internal body temperature
Q2) The fact that many people who have a spinal cord injury have a decrease in perceived emotion supports the _____ theory of emotion.
A) neural
B) Darwinian
C) James-Lange
D) cognitive
Q3) Electrical stimulation of the _____ produces a fear response.
A) cingulate cortex
B) hypothalamus
C) orbital prefrontal cortex
D) amygdala
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Chapter 12:What Causes Emotional and Motivated
Behavior? Part B
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Q1) What is the function of the amygdala in the experience of emotion?
Q2) What is the somatic marker hypothesis? What evidence supports this hypothesis?
Q3) Define innate releasing mechanism and give a specific example.
Q4) What are the effects of hypothalamic stimulation on behavior? Is the behavior context dependent?
Q5) Differentiate between aphagia and hyperphagia.Which regions of the brain need to be lesioned to cause aphagia and hyperphagia?
Q6) How do lesions to the amygdala and orbital prefrontal cortex influence eating behavior?
Q7) What are the effects of amygdala lesions?
Q8) List the symptoms of Klüver-Bucy syndrome.
Q9) Differentiate between the activating versus organizing effects of sex hormones.
Q10) List the three types of compounds produced by the digestive system.
Q11) Compare and contrast regulatory and nonregulatory behaviors.List some specific examples of each.
Q12) Compare and contrast the role of the orbital prefrontal cortex and the pyriform cortex in smell perception. Page 35
Q13) What neural structures are part of the circuit of Papez? What roles do these structures play in emotion?
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Chapter
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Q1) Restless legs syndrome is sometimes treated with:
A) l-dopa
B) SSRIs
C) benzodiazepines
D) haloperidol
Q2) Damage to the brainstem can result in:
A) narcolepsy.
B) insomnia.
C) coma.
D) hyperactivity.
Q3) The brain's master clock is housed in the:
A) pineal gland.
B) caudate nucleus.
C) pituitary gland.
D) suprachiasmatic nucleus.
Q4) Insomnia can be caused by:
A) anxiety.
B) depression.
C) sleeping pills.
D) anxiety,depression,and sleeping pills.
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Chapter 13:Why Do We Sleep and Dream? Part B
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Q1) What are the main causes of insomnia?
Q2) How is sleep measured in the laboratory?
Q3) What evidence do scientists have that the suprachiasmatic nucleus plays an essential role in biological rhythms?
Q4) What role does melatonin play in circadian rhythms?
Q5) What is narcolepsy? How is it treated?
Q6) Differentiate between circannual,circadian,ultradian,and infradian rhythms.Give an example of each.
Q7) What are the symptoms of seasonal affective disorder? What is the main treatment?
Q8) What are the symptoms of cataplexy?
Q9) Why does jet lag occur? Why is jet lag worse flying east than west?
Q10) What is a circadian rhythm? Give an example.
Q11) What is restless legs syndrome?
Q12) What is metabolic syndrome,and what are its causes?
Q13) What is the reticular activating system,and what are its functions in relation to sleep and wakefulness?
Q14) Describe the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming. Page 38
Q15) What health risks are associated with shift work?
Q16) What is a free-running rhythm? Give an example.
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Chapter 14:How Do We Learn and Remember? Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patient Boswell's amnesia,unlike H.M.'s,also affected:
A) implicit memory.
B) explicit memory.
C) autobiographical memory.
D) memory for previously learned information.
Q2) Injecting epidermal growth factor into the ventricle of a live animal:
A) produces only progenitor cells.
B) will produce functional regrowth in a brain-damaged animal.
C) produces cells that eventually differentiate into neurons and glia.
D) produces only cells that turn into glia.
Q3) Psychogenic amnesias are thought to be linked to decreased activity in the: A) hippocampus.
B) temporal lobes.
C) frontal lobes.
D) parietal lobes.
Q4) Implicit memory has been demonstrated in:
A) verbal tasks.
B) motor tasks.
C) neither verbal nor motor tasks.
D) both verbal and motor tasks.
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Chapter 14:How Do We Learn and Remember? Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) Differentiate between explicit and implicit memory.Give an example of each.
Q2) What brain circuits participate in generating implicit memories?
Q3) What are neurotrophic factors? What role do they play in the recovery from brain injury?
Q4) What role do the frontal lobes play in memory? What happens following frontal lobe damage?
Q5) Richard's left arm was amputated 3 years ago after a workplace injury.Even though the limb is gone,Richard sometimes feels like he still has a left arm.In addition,when Richard shaves the left side of his face,it feels as though someone is touching his missing left arm.What mechanisms explain this strange phenomenon?
Q6) What is Korsakoff syndrome? What is its primary cause?
Q7) Why are fear and eyeblink conditioning paradigms used for studying the brain?
Q8) Differentiate between top-down and bottom-up processing.How are these two types of processing related to explicit and implicit memory?
Q9) What happens to a motor map after the amputation of a limb?
Q10) What are autobiographical memories? What brain regions are thought to underlie autobiographical memories?
Q11) Which brain circuits are critical for forming emotional memories?
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Chapter 15:How Does the Brain Think? Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ tend to have better spatial skills than _____.
A) Meadow voles;pine voles
B) Pine voles;meadow voles
C) Male pine voles;female pine voles
D) Females;males
Q2) Which of the following tests would Alex the parrot most likely have been able to accomplish?
A) counting the number of items on a tray
B) indicating the color of an object
C) identifying when an incorrect object was given to him
D) All of the answers are correct.
Q3) How we combine multiple sources of input (e.g. ,visual,auditory,motor)into a unified conscious experience is known as the:
A) temporal problem.
B) sensory problem.
C) binding problem.
D) association problem.
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Chapter 15:How Does the Brain Think? Part B
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Q1) What is contralateral neglect? What are its primary symptoms?
Q2) What is dichotic listening? What discoveries regarding cerebral asymmetry were made using this technique?
Q3) What is important about syntax in regard to thought processes? What happens if a person never learns to develop syntax?
Q4) Describe the symptoms you would observe in a patient with a lesion to the temporal association cortex.
Q5) Why was Alex the parrot so unusual?
Q6) What is neuroeconomics? What has neuroeconomics taught us about decision making?
Q7) List the tasks that are better performed by females than males.
Q8) What techniques can be used to demonstrate functional asymmetry in the healthy brain?
Q9) Describe the tasks that the left side of the brain does better than the right.
Q10) What tasks are better performed by either males or females? Why might these sex differences in cognition have evolved in the first place?
Page 43
Q11) What is theory of mind? What brain structures are thought to support theory of mind?
Q12) What are cell assemblies? Why did Hebb think that they were so important?
Q13) What is synesthesia? Give examples of some documented types of synesthesia.
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Chapter 16:What Happens When the Brain Misbehaves?
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Q1) What treatments are available to reduce epileptic seizures?
Q2) List and describe four major types of behavioral therapies for behavioral disorders outlined in your text.
Q3) What are the anatomical correlates of Alzheimer disease?
Q4) What is electroconvulsive therapy? Why is it used? How does it affect the brain?
Q5) What are neuroprotectants? Why are they used?
Q6) What effects do antidepressant drugs like SSRIs have on the brain?
Q7) What neurotransmitter systems are affected in schizophrenia?
Q8) How is the brain of a person with schizophrenia different from the brain of a person without it?
Q9) Give examples of positive and negative symptoms of Parkinson disease.
Q10) What is magnetic resonance spectroscopy? How is it used to diagnose traumatic brain injury?
Q11) What are the proposed causes of multiple sclerosis?
Q12) What can happen if a person has multiple concussions throughout life?
Q14) List the six diagnostic symptoms of schizophrenia. Page 45
Q13) What is the MOST common form of brain damage in people under 40?
Q15) List at least five factors that may lead to the onset of seizures.
Q16) Compare and contrast the symptoms of focal and generalized seizures.
Q17) What are prions? What neurological diseases may be caused by prions?
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