Course Introduction
Biological Oceanography
Pre-Test Questions
Biological Oceanography explores the interactions between marine organisms and their environment, emphasizing the processes that govern the distribution, abundance, and productivity of life in the ocean. The course covers foundational topics such as primary production, nutrient cycles, plankton dynamics, food webs, and the impact of physical and chemical oceanographic factors on marine ecosystems. Students will investigate the roles of microorganisms, plants, and animals in oceanic systems and examine current issues such as climate change, ocean acidification, and human influences on marine biodiversity. Through lectures, laboratory exercises, and fieldwork, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the vital connections between biological and physical processes in the world's oceans.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Marine Biology 4th Edition by George Karleskint
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
20 Chapters
2050 Verified Questions
2050 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3780
Page 2
Chapter 1: Science and Marine Biology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
73 Verified Questions
73 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75431
Sample Questions
Q1) The thinking process of proposing a general explanation from individual observations is called:
A) scientific method.
B) deductive reasoning.
C) logical reasoning.
D) inductive reasoning.
E) logical-positivist reasoning.
Answer: D
Q2) To Edward Forbes is attributed the idea that:
A) life could not survive in the deep ocean.
B) life occurs throughout the ocean depths.
C) continents drift upon the earth's mantle.
D) the mid-Atlantic rift ridge is a result of continental drift.
E) "dead zones" occur in oxygen-depleted coastal waters.
Answer: A
Q3) Experimental set
A)a trial without the experimental variable
B)variable being altered
C)a trial that contains the experimental variable
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Ecology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75432
Sample Questions
Q1) Chemosynthetic organisms use the energy from ____ to produce organic molecules.
A) the sun
B) chemical reactions
C) the water
D) other organisms.
E) glucose
Answer: B
Q2) When nutrients are limited, they do all the following except:
A) reduce metabolism.
B) decrease growth rates.
C) affect growth form.
D) immobilize an organism.
E) cause algal blooms.
Answer: E
Q3) first-order consumer
A)herbivore
B)carnivore
C)autotroph
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Geology of the Ocean
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75433
Sample Questions
Q1) Gaseous oxygen formed in the earth's atmosphere as a result of:
A) outgassing from the interior of the planet.
B) respiration of bacteria.
C) input from outer space.
D) photosynthesis.
Answer: D
Q2) Transform boundary
A)layer between crust and mantle
B)where plates move toward each other
C)where plates move apart
D)where plates move laterally beside each other
Answer: D
Q3) Cosmogenous
A)seawater chemical processes
B)land erosion processes
C)from living organisms
D)from outer space
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
5
Chapter 4: Water, Waves, and Tides
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75434
Sample Questions
Q1) What property of water allows it to stick to objects and make them wet?
Q2) The average salinity of seawater is ____<sup>0</sup>/<sub>00</sub>.
A) 35
B) 37
C) 40
D) 45
E) 50
Q3) Which high energy light wave length can penetrate sea water the deepest?
A) Blue
B) Green
C) Violet
D) Red
E) a, b, and c above
Q4) Surface tension allows water molecules to do all the following except:
A) transmit light energy.
B) resist evaporation.
C) form a tight surface layer.
D) support small organisms.
Q5) What are hydrogen bonds?
Q6) List the most abundant ions in seawater, from most to least abundant.
Page 6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Biological Concepts
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75435
Sample Questions
Q1) A population of organisms that is reproductively isolated from other populations is considered a:
A) kingdom.
B) phylum.
C) genus.
D) species.
E) class.
Q2) Evolution
A)Only populations
B)Only individuals
C)Individuals and populations
Q3) A single-celled diploid eukaryote with 8 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes do the resultant offspring possess?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
Q4) What are the shortcomings of the typological definition of species?
Q5) In the context of population genetics, what is meant by the term "fitness?"
Q6) What is a gene? How are genes involved in the evolutionary process?
Page 7
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 6: Marine Microbes
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75436
Sample Questions
Q1) Nitrification
A)NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> to NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>
B)can break the bonds in N<sub>2</sub> molecules
C)N<sub>2</sub> to NH<sub>3</sub>
Q2) Binal
A)icosahedral heads with helical tails
B)protein subunit of the capsid spiral around the central core of the nucleic acid
C)capsid with twenty triangular faces
Q3) Marine yeast asexual reproduction
A)conidiospores
B)budding
C)ascocarp
Q4) Toxic dinoflagellates can directly harm other organisms during bloom periods by secreting their toxins in the water or by being consumed and concentrated in the tissues of filter-feeding organisms. Can you think of ways in which blooms of non-toxic dinoflagellates may harm other organisms in the water?
Q5) What is diatomaceous earth? How is it used commercially?
Q6) Briefly describe 3 ecological roles of viruses.
Page 8
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 7: Multicellular Primary Producers
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75437
Sample Questions
Q1) The greatest importance of seagrasses and salt marsh plants as a source of food is that they are eaten directly by invertebrates and wildlife.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The sporophyte and gametophyte stages of sea lettuce are not identical.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Brown algae
A)gametangia
B)tetrasporophyte
C)zygote
Q4) Some algae utilize calcium carbonate to:
A) deter herbivores.
B) aid in maintaining a proper pH balance.
C) assist in photosynthesis.
D) replace mucus.
E) prevent from freezing.
Q5) What is the importance of accessory photosynthetic pigments to multicellular algae and other photosynthetic organisms?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: Lower Invertebrates
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
99 Verified Questions
99 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75438
Sample Questions
Q1) Sponges avoid predators by:
A) seeking sheltered locations.
B) having spicules.
C) producing toxins.
D) both b and c
E) a and b only.
Q2) Sponges live a(n) ____ lifestyle.
A) planktonic.
B) infaunal.
C) nektonic.
D) sessile.
E) neustonic
Q3) Sponges are considered:
A) animals.
B) plants.
C) fungi.
D) bacteria.
E) Archaea.
Q4) If all the meiofaunal organisms were eliminated from a sandy beach, how would that affect the habitat and the trophic structure of the beach?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Higher Invertebrates
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75439
Sample Questions
Q1) The molluscs:
A) do not have a larvae stage.
B) lack a digestive system.
C) have bodies divided into segments.
D) possess a soft body covered with a mantle.
E) make a chitinous shell.
Q2) What do shipworms and a peanut worms have in common?
A) both can bore through hard substrata.
B) both are filter feeders.
C) both are in the same phylum.
D) both are hermaprodites.
Q3) Sea urchins are mostly carnivores.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Cephalopod
A)eight plates
B)head foot
C)stomach foot
D)gills strain seawater to collect plankton
Q5) Contrast the various functions of the mantle between Cephalopods and Gastropods.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Marine Fishes
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75440
Sample Questions
Q1) The eyes of sharks are designed for optimal color vision.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The fins of bony fishes are more maneuverable than those of cartilaginous fishes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Neuromast cells are associated with the ____ of sharks.
A) eyes
B) lateral line
C) nostrils
D) brain
E) ampullae
Q4) Deoxygenated blood is initially collected by the:
A) dorsal aorta.
B) sinus venosus.
C) atrium.
D) bulbus arteriosus.
E) vena cava.
Q5) How does human activity drastically affect the reproductive success of salmon?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Reptiles and Birds
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75441
Sample Questions
Q1) Reptiles and birds differ from amphibians in that they lack a free larval stage. What adaptation allowed the elimination of this stage?
Q2) Birds that prey by attracting small fish and shrimp to the surface are called:
A) plovers.
B) turnstones.
C) skimmers.
D) curlews.
E) sandpipers.
Q3) What are 3 human activities that negatively affect sea turtle survival?
Q4) Hawksbill
A)Invertebrates and seaweeds
B)Sponges
C)Invertebrates and fish
D)Jellyfish
Q5) Sea snakes usually feed on A) algae.
B) jellyfish.
C) infaunal invertebrates.
D) small fishes.
E) epibenthic invertebrates.
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: Marine Mammals
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75442
Sample Questions
Q1) Adaptations for deep diving in cetaceans include all the following except:
A) expelling air from the lungs.
B) large lungs with large number of air sacs.
C) rib cage that can collapse.
D) sonar for detecting the depth.
E) high red blood cell count
Q2) Sirenians
A)vegetation
B)plankton
C)fish, squid
Q3) The structure used to amplify an elephant seal bull's roar is a(n):
A) inflated proboscis.
B) hallow tusk used as a horn.
C) sirenaphores.
D) blowhole.
E) melon.
Q4) Beluga Whale
A)squid
B)crabs, cuttlefish, flounder and halibut
C)krill
Page 14
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 13: Intertidal Communities
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75443
Sample Questions
Q1) Infralittoral fringe
A)Laminaria
B)Lichens
C)Rockweeds
Q2) Some resident intertidal fish include all the following except.
A) rock eels.
B) lamprey eels.
C) gobies.
D) sculpins.
E) blennies.
Q3) Barnacles such as Balanus are most common in the ____ zone of the rocky intertidal.
A) upper midlittoral
B) middle midlittoral
C) lower midlittoral
D) subtidal
E) splash
Q4) The base of the food web in sandy intertidal areas exposed to wave action is detritus, not algae. What prevents seaweed from having the role of primary producer in this habitat?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: Estuaries
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75444
Sample Questions
Q1) Coastal plain
A)glacial formed
B)land movement
C)inter-glacial periods
Q2) The major source of nitrogenous nutrients in estuaries is incoming seawater.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Negative estuary
A)Evaporation can exceed freshwater input.
B)Fresh water flows over seawater.
C)Dense surface seawater mixes into freshwater below.
Q4) Describe the difference between an osmoregulator and an osmoconformer.
Q5) Prop roots
A)algae
B)red mangrove
C)seagrasses
D)black mangrove
Q6) Mangrove forests predominantly occur in temperate regions.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 15: Coral Reef Communities
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
98 Verified Questions
98 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75445
Sample Questions
Q1) Most predators living around coral reefs are active during the day when they can see their prey.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Coral reefs separated from land by a lagoon or deep water channel are called:
A) atolls.
B) barrier reefs.
C) table reefs.
D) fringing reefs.
E) patch reefs.
Q3) Fire coral are a member of the class
A) Anthozoa.
B) Hydrozoa.
C) Scyphozoa.
D) Cubozoa.
Q4) Coral mucus is used by reef dwellers as a food source.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain 2 functions of the bright coloration of some coral reef dwellers.
Q6) Outline the three mechanisms by which corals obtain their nutrition.
Page 17
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 16: Continental Shelves and Neritic Zone
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75446
Sample Questions
Q1) In areas of the continental shelf where bottom currents are weak, the environment is considered to be
A) harsh.
B) always changing.
C) generally stable.
D) cyclically fluctuating.
E) low in species diversity.
Q2) Larger baleen whales feed on:
A) demersal fish.
B) krill.
C) suspension feeders.
D) sea stars.
E) other marine mammals.
Q3) Coccolithophores are abundant in:
A) cold marine waters.
B) tropical waters.
C) subtropical areas.
D) open ocean.
E) river mouths and estuaries.
Q4) Briefly describe the ecological importance of coastal seas.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 18
Chapter 17: The Open Sea
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
97 Verified Questions
97 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75447
Sample Questions
Q1) 3<sup>rd</sup> level consumer
A)krill
B)diatoms
C)copepods
D)squid
Q2) Thecosome pteropods are primarily
A) herbivores.
B) carnivores.
C) detritovores.
D) omnivores.
E) scavengers.
Q3) 2<sup>nd</sup> level consumer
A)krill
B)diatoms
C)copepods
D)squid
Q4) Macrozooplankton
A)copepods
B)krill
C)foraminiferans
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 19
Chapter 18: Life in the Oceans Depths
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75448
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe why many vent animals that house chemosynthetic bacteria are not harmed by the sulfide compounds in their blood, which normally would be toxic to these animals.
Q2) Stomiatoids
A)curved, fanglike teeth; chin barbel
B)dorsal spine lure, vacuum ingestion
C)hinged jaws, expandable stomach
Q3) The deep sea is characterized by being a very unstable environment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Deep-sea
A)tiny, only slightly functional
B)small and less functional
C)large - tubular
Q5) Gulper eels
A)curved, fanglike teeth; chin barbel
B)dorsal spine lure, vacuum ingestion
C)hinged jaws, expandable stomach
Q6) Describe at least 3 adaptations of deep-sea fishes for improving feeding efficiency.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 20
Chapter 19: Harvesting the Oceans Resources
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
88 Verified Questions
88 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75449
Sample Questions
Q1) How could the decline of the population of anchovies off Peru preclude a future rebound in this population in and of itself even if, in the future, there was enough food in the water to support the growth of large populations of anchovies?
Q2) At least 60% of the ____ most valuable fish species are overfished or fished to the limit.
A)30
B)100
C)150
D)200
E)400
Q3) Describe at least 3 effects of mangrove destruction on marine habitats.
Q4) Ocean ranching
A)hatchery reared juveniles
B)carp and mullet ponds in Israel
C)Atlantic salmon pens
Q5) Best choice
A)mahi-mahi
B)salmon-natural caught
C)farmed Atlantic salmon
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 21
Chapter 20: Oceans in Jeopardy
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
97 Verified Questions
97 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75450
Sample Questions
Q1) Outbreaks of the dinoflagellates Pfesteria has been attributed to:
A) septic tank overflows.
B) agricultural runoff.
C) oil pollution.
D) carbon emissions.
E) urban runoff.
Q2) Ocean dumping began
A) early in human history.
B) with the development of Middle Age cities.
C) with the Industrial Age.
D) in the early part of the 19<sup>th</sup> century.
E) in the 1960's.
Q3) In waters of low nutrients, eutrophication can lead to
A) increased production.
B) reduced production.
C) decreased phytoplankton growth.
D) reduction in species diversity.
E) increased water clarity.
Q4) What are the problems associated with dumping radioactive waste in subduction zones of the deep sea?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 22