Biological Bases of Behavior
Test Bank
Course Introduction
This course explores the fundamental biological principles underlying human and animal behavior, focusing on the intricate connections between the brain, nervous system, hormones, genetics, and psychological processes. Key topics include neural structure and function, sensory and motor systems, neuroplasticity, emotion, motivation, sleep, and the biological mechanisms involved in psychological disorders. Students will gain an understanding of how physiological processes influence cognition, emotion, and behavior, and how scientific methods are used to investigate the biological foundations of psychological phenomena.
Recommended Textbook
Memory Foundations and Applications 3rd Edition by Bennett L. Schwartz
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13 Chapters
1177 Verified Questions
1177 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Memory
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42093
Sample Questions
Q1) Which term describes the verbal models of how memory works?
A)memory metaphors
B)developmental reasoning
C)memory cues
D)stimulation
Answer: A
Q2) When identification is required of a target memory from a set of presented items, it is called:
A)learning.
B)required study.
C)required recognition.
D)recognition.
Answer: D
Q3) Frederic Bartlett disagreed with behaviorism.Instead, he argued that:
A)memory is composed of compartments.
B)memory is exact in all forms.
C)meaning of memory is focused on stimuli.
D)meaning of memory is exact in all forms.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Memory and the Brain
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most anterior part of the cerebral cortex is called:
A)prefrontal cortex.
B)frontal lobe.
C)auditory cortex.
D)Wernicke area.
Answer: B
Q2) Describe the flow of information through the neuron, including how information is transmitted through the axon, dendrite, and synapse.
Answer: neurotransmitters, electrical impulse, positive and negative charge, and nucleus.
Q3) With what is the prefrontal lobe most associated?
A)hearing
B)hopes
C)sight
D)higher emotion
Answer: D
Q4) The brain is divisible into two ______ halves, oriented in the left-right direction.
Answer: symmetrical
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Chapter 3: Working Memory
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Navah-Benjamin and Ayres (1986) found that:
A)digit spans could not be measured unless novel words were used.
B)digit spans were related to pronunciation times of those digits in each the language tested.
C)digit spans are better in Semitic languages than Indo-European languages.
D)digits spans also show primacy effects.
Answer: B
Q2) An individual was involved in a traumatic occurrence and did not seem to be able to remember more than a few words but could still maintain a working memory.However, his speech was slower than normal.The amount of time it took him to pronounce a word is called ______.
Answer: pronunciation time
Q3) What task measures a list of digits presented by an experimenter?
A)hearing and sight
B)sensory learning
C)retrograde learning
D)digital span
Answer: D
Q4) Explain Articulatory suppression.
Answer: Prevents rehearsal in the phonological loop.
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Episodic Memory
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82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eich et al. (1975) examined the influence of marijuana on people's memory.He found that:
A)marijuana is always a memory enhancer.
B)participants preferred learning when not using marijuana.
C)marijuana hurts memory performance even in working memory tests.
D)state-dependent learning applies to drugs, such as marijuana.
Q2) Lola tells a story about the time she went in a hot-air balloon with her father when she was nine years old.She is retrieving this story from:
A)semantic memory.
B)the philogical loop.
C)prospective memory.
D)episodic memory.
Q3) Retrieval from episodic memory draws on more cerebellar processes than semantic memory.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the relationship between episodic memory and semantic memory.
Q5) Highly confident personal memories of surprising events are termed ______ memories.
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Chapter 5: Semantic Memory
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spreading activation refers to the concept of transferring activation from:
A)neuron to a neuron.
B)dendrite to a dendrite.
C)node to a node.
D)memory to a memory.
Q2) When an infant uses the word "chair" just to the chair and not the chair and the floor underneath it, this is an example of the:
A)use of distributional information.
B)whole-object assumption.
C)lexeme mapping.
D)lexical constraint assumption.
Q3) Explain the Exemplar theory.
Q4) The lexeme is the:
A)level of representation that stores the meaning of an item.
B)level of representation that stores the phonology of a word.
C)level of representation that stores how to categorize the word.
D)level of representation of its level of categorization.
Q5) Superordinate information in categorization is more based on neural processes in the ______ lobe.
Q6) A ______ is generalized knowledge about an event, a person, or a situation.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Visual Memory
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain and give one example of Method of Loci.
Q2) Verbal overshadowing occurs with:
A)show-ups because the participant makes an absolute judgment.
B)show-ups because the participant makes a relative judgment.
C)line-ups because the participant makes an absolute judgment.
D)line-ups because the participant makes a relative judgment.
Q3) Kosslyn (1975) asked people to make visual images such as a rabbit next to an elephant.He showed that:
A)people could not make the side-by-side comparisons.
B)visual imagery alone was insufficient for the task.
C)participants were slower when an auditory distraction was also present.
D)speeded judgments of the characteristics of images were affected by the size of the imagined object.
Q4) Explain Hemifield neglect.
Q5) Patient JB recently suffered a stroke, which affected the FFA of his temporal lobe.What deficit might you expect?
A)unilateral neglect
B)imagery neglect
C)prosopagnosia
D)color amnesia
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Autobiographical Memory
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about neuroimaging studies of autobiographical memory are true?
A)General cues are more likely to recruit areas in the lateral temporal lobe.
B)Specific cues resulted in stronger responses in the left hippocampus and the medial prefrontal region than did the general cues.
C)The right prefrontal cortex is associated with going into "retrieval mode," that is, initiating the memory search.
D)All of the above are true.
Q2) Ahmet is 82 years old, has normal memory for someone of his age, and has lived all his life in Egypt.Based on data on the reminiscence bump, you would expect that:
A)Ahmet would have less of a recency effect than an American senior.
B)Ahmet would show an earlier reminiscence bump than an American senior.
C)Ahmet would show a later reminiscence bump than an American senior.
D)Ahmet would not differ with respect to the reminiscence bump relative to an American senior.
Q3) Dickson, Pillemer, and Bruehl (2011) found a ______ bump for events that were surprising and therefore not part of the person's lifetime period
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Chapter 8: False Memory
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some psychotherapeutic techniques, such as "guided imagery" may lead to:
A)the formation of flashbulb memories.
B)the induction of childhood amnesia.
C)participants realizing that many of their memories are false.
D)the formation of false memories.
Q2) Williams (1995) tracked women who had been abused and hospitalized as children.She found that:
A)a percentage of those women no longer remembered the abuse.
B)all of the women suffered from repression.
C)with the use of appropriate retrieval techniques, the women recovered their memories.
D)recovery of memories that had been repressed was impossible.
Q3) Retrieval active ______ means that people may deliberately force themselves to not remember the item.
Q4) In McCloskey and Zaragoza (1985), the misinformation effect did not occur because:
A)the distractors in a recognition test did not include the misinformation.
B)the researchers used neutral words instead of emotional words.
C)the participants were warned about the possibility of misinformation.
D)blending of the original event and the misinformation occurred.
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Chapter 9: Metamemory
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Judgments of learning:
A)are feeling of knowing judgments made during a tip-of-the-tongue state.
B)are made during study and are predictions of future memory performance.
C)reflect our confidence that an answer-already given-is correct.
D)are of little value in memory improvement.
Q2) The region of proximal learning meAnswer:
A)that it is more adaptive to study in the same geographic region as the one in which you will be tested.
B)to approximate the best learning, it is necessary to employ strategic use of FOKs, but not JOLs.
C)an adaptive strategy is to study those items that have not yet been learned but are not too difficult.
D)the labor-in-vain effect will predict most aspects of JOL accuracy.
Q3) Familiar cues can influence the strength of a feeling of knowing.This observation is consistent with the ______ theory.
Q4) The region of ______ learning means using an adaptive strategy to study those items that have not yet been learned but are not too difficult.
Q5) Describe indirect or inferential theories.
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Chapter 10: Memory Disorders
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which area of the brain is associated with anterograde amnesia?
A)the hippocampus
B)V1 or Area 17
C)the anterior cingulate
D)the pineal body
Q2) The papillary mass area of the brain is associated with anterograde amnesia.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe Capgras Syndrome.
Q4) Patient KC in Toronto has been studied because:
A)he has no access to any information in episodic memory.
B)despite massive head injuries, his memory performance improved.
C)he is the only known patient with deficits in implicit and procedural memory but not episodic memory.
D)his spatial memory shows heuristic distortions.
Q5) What are the physical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease?
A)dense amyloid plaques form throughout the cortex
B)breakdowns in subcortical regions of the brain
C)massive cell death in the parietal lobe
D)broken connections between the left and right hemisphere
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Memory in Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kisilevksy et al. (2003) showed that fetuses one to two weeks before birth recognized their mother's voice.This was accomplished by measuring differences in the infant's ______.
Q2) How does directed forgetting affect children?
Q3) Younger children show fewer ______ memory errors.This summarizes the research on false memory.
Q4) According to the memory efficiency view, memory improves in young children because:
A)the children are learning to apply knowledge of how memory works.
B)the processes of memory themselves improve as a child grow.
C)episodic memory comes online in the fourth year of life.
D)theory of mind drives the improvements in memory.
Q5) Malajandra was just 5-year-old when a hurricane damaged houses in her neighborhood.Which of the following statements is likely to be true concerning her memory?
A)She will not remember the storm.
B)She will remember more details if there was moderate damage to her house, rather than severe damage or no damage.
C)No predictions can be made because no research is relevant.
D)She will remember in great detail, if asked with the right questions.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Memory in Older Adults
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A power demonstration of the success of inhibition theory to explain age-related memory declines comes from:
A)irrelevant and distracting words embedded in otherwise meaningful sentences.
B)focusing on content leading to a stronger theory.
C)process-oriented classrooms information.
D)encoded working memory.
Q2) Darowski et al. (2008) asked younger and older participants to read short texts.Some of these tests contained irrelevant and distracting words embedded in otherwise meaningful sentences.They found that:
A)older adults process the sentences faster than young adults because of their preserved semantic system.
B)there were no differences between older and younger adults because the task did not call for age-sensitive memory.
C)younger adults and older adults alike were equally confused by the irrelevant material.
D)older adults had more difficulties inhibiting the irrelevant material than did younger adults.
Q3) Explain episodic memory.
Q4) Explain recall versus recognition in memory.
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Chapter 13: Memory Improvement and Learning Efficiency
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Koriat, Bjork, Sheffer, and Bar (2004) examined people's abilities to anticipate forgetting.One group's judgments of learning were directed at a test to be taken in 10 minutes whereas another groups' judgments of learning were directed at a test to be taken 1 week later.They found that the judgments of learning were identical, even though those in the 1-week retention interval recalled fewer items than those in the 10-minute retention interval.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Massed practice means that:
A)learning is distributed across several learning sessions.
B)learning is focused on specific information necessary for upcoming tests.
C)learning of certain material is done in one block of time.
D)learning is augmented by self-testing.
Q3) Research shows that:
A)ginkgo biloba actually boosts memory.
B)miso weed actually boosts memory.
C)miso weed does not boost memory.
D)ginkgo biloba does not boost memory.
Q4) Describe encoding specificity.
Q5) Describe synesthesia.
Page 15
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