Biochemistry Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Biochemistry explores the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms, bridging the gap between biology and chemistry. This course covers the structure, function, and metabolism of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. Students will gain an understanding of enzyme mechanisms, metabolic pathways, and the regulation of biochemical processes essential for life. Through lectures, laboratory work, and case studies, the course emphasizes the molecular basis of health and disease, providing foundational knowledge for advanced studies in life sciences and medical fields.
Recommended Textbook
Organic Chemistry 3rd Edition by David R. Klein
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27 Chapters
3751 Verified Questions
3751 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: A Review of General Chemistry: Electrons, Bonds, and Molecular Properties
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which intermolecular force is primarily responsible for base pairing, and stability, of the double helix in DNA?
A) ion-dipole interactions
B) London dispersion forces
C) dipole-dipole interactions
D) hydrogen bonding
E) covalent bonding
Answer: D
Q2) Describe how soaps function as cleaning agents.
Answer: Soaps form clusters called micelles. The polar groups of the soaps form the surface of the micelle and hydrogen bond to the surrounding water. The interior of the micelle is composed of the nonpolar, hydrophobic portions of the soap molecules. Grease and dirt are nonpolar and have limited solubility in water. In soapy water however, grease and dirt will dissolve in the nonpolar interior of the soap micelles, which in turn are soluble in the water.
Q3) Draw the Lewis structure for ozone, O<sub>3</sub><sub>,</sub> including formal charges, if any?
Answer: 11ea894b_ac3f_661f_bba7_014dd8e54436_TB4454_00_TB4454_00
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Chapter 2: Molecular Representations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Draw a bond-line structure for each constitutional isomer with molecular formula C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O.
Answer: 11ea894b_ac5a_8fdb_bba7_8bcc5aebc515_TB4454_00_TB4454_00 11ea894b_ac5a_8fdc_bba7_e3d8190b09e5_TB4454_00_TB4454_00
Q2) Which of the following is the correct molecular formula for (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>C?
A) C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>20</sub>
B) C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>20</sub>
C) C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>20</sub>
D) C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>
E) C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>20</sub>
Answer: C
Q3) Draw the Lewis structure for (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>C(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>OCH(CH<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.
Answer: 11ea894b_ac55_d4ca_bba7_bfadc8d364ce_TB4454_00_TB4454_00
Q4) Draw the resonance hybrid of CH<sub>2</sub>CHCHCHCH<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>.
Answer: 11ea894b_ac68_7223_bba7_ffc309680577_TB4454_00_TB4454_00
Q5) Draw two resonance structures for HN<sub>3</sub>.
Answer: 11ea894b_ac66_eb6c_bba7_4f79b39b0027_TB4454_00_TB4454_00
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Chapter 3: Acids and Bases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following compounds is not a Lewis acid?
A) BF<sub>3</sub>
B) FeCl<sub>3</sub>
C) CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>
D) Ph<sub>3</sub>P
E) none of these
Answer: D
Q2) Identify a conjugate acid.
A) proton acceptor
B) proton donor
C) species remaining after acid is deprotonated
D) species remaining after base is protonated
Answer: D
Q3) BF<sub>3</sub>, is best classified as a ____.
A) Brønsted-Lowry acid
B) Lewis acid
C) Brønsted-Lowry base
D) Lewis base
E) Both A & D
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following isomers of C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>20</sub>, which is the most stable?
A) nonane
B) 3-methyloctane
C) 2,2-dimethylheptane
D) 2,2,3,4-tetramethylpentane
Q2) What is the structure of 3-ethyl-2,4,6-trimethyloctane?
Q3) Identify the size of the hydrocarbon that is used in jet fuel.
A) C<sub>1</sub> - C<sub>4</sub>
B) C<sub>5</sub> - C<sub>12</sub>
C) C<sub>12</sub> - C<sub>18</sub>
D) C<sub>12</sub> and higher
Q4) Draw the most stable conformation of trans-1,4-diethylcyclohexane.
Q5) Identify the size of the hydrocarbon that is used in natural gas.
A) C<sub>1</sub> - C<sub>4</sub>
B) C<sub>5</sub> - C<sub>12</sub>
C) C<sub>12</sub> - C<sub>18</sub>
D) C<sub>12</sub> and higher
Q6) What is the energy difference between the staggered and eclipsed conformations of 2,2,-dimethylpropane if the eclipsing cost of Me and H is 6 kJ/mol?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Stereoisomerism
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the specific rotation of pure (S)-carvone if a sample of (R)-carvone of 85% ee has a specific rotation of 52?
A) 61
B) 64
C) 0
D) 61
Q2) When a racemic mixture is reacted with a single enantiomer of another compound, then a pair of _________ is formed.
A) identical compounds
B) enantiomers
C) diastereomers
D) none of the above
Q3) What is the percentage of the R enantiomer in a sample of carvone that has a specific rotation of 10, given that the specific rotation of (R)-carvone is 61?
A) 42
B) 84
C) 16
D) 58
Q4) Draw all the isomers with molecular formula C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>.
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Chapter 6: Chemical Reactivity and Mechanisms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Draw an energy diagram for an endothermic reaction with two steps.
Q2) Does a reaction with a K<sub>eq</sub> = 10 favor reactants or products?
Q3) Does a reaction with a value of 0 for G favor reactants or products?
Q4) Predict the sign of G for an exothermic reaction with an increase in entropy.
A) positive
B) negative
C) no change
D) cannot predict without additional information
Q5) Does a reaction with a positive S and a positive H favor reactants or products?
Q6) Which of the following indicates a reaction with a positive G?
A) endergonic, spontaneous
B) endergonic, not spontaneous
C) exergonic, spontaneous
D) exergonic, not spontaneous
Q7) Does a reaction with a H of 14 kJ/mol and a S of 150 J/mol·K at 298 K favor reactants or products?
Q8) Draw an energy diagram for an exothermic three-step reaction.
Q9) Does a reaction with a positive G favor reactants or products?
Q10) Draw an energy diagram for a concerted exothermic reaction.
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Chapter 7: Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination
Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a tertiary alkyl halide?
A) 1-Bromo-2-methylpropane
B) 2-Bromopropane
C) 1-Bromobutane
D) 2-Bromo-2-methylpropane
Q2) Which of the following is a secondary alkyl halide?
A) 1-Bromo-2-methylpropane
B) 2-Bromopropane
C) 1-Bromobutane
D) 2-Bromo-2-methylpropane
Q3) Which of the following compounds will undergo rearrangement during solvolysis reaction?
A) 3-iodo-5-methylheptane
B) 3-iodo-2-methylheptane
C) 3-iodo-3-methylheptane
D) 3-iodoheptane
E) cis-1-iodo-3-methylcyclohexane
Q4) Provide the structure for cis-1,2-dibromocyclopentane.
Q5) Draw the transition state for the following reaction. (S)-1-iodo-3-methylpentane + NaSCH<sub>3</sub>
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Chapter 8: Addition Reactions of Alkenes
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Sample Questions
Q1) In conducting the catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene, which catalyst listed is most likely soluble in the reaction medium?
A) Ni
B) Pt
C) Pd
D) Wilkinson's catalyst
E) All of the above are soluble
Q2) Alkenes are found in ________, which are used by living organisms to trigger specific behavioral responses in other members of the same species.
Q3) Draw Fischer projections of the major product of the reaction between (Z)?2?methyl-3-hexene and aqueous Br<sub>2</sub>.
Q4) Most bonds are quite prone to reaction with an ____________________, also referred to as electron-seeking reagents.
Q5) Any proper mechanism of hydroboration-oxidation must explain the observed _________ addition of the H and OH to the alkene as well as the _____________ regiochemistry.
Q6) The rule that correctly predicts the regiochemistry of most ionic additions to alkenes is named after which chemist?
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Chapter 9: Alkynes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the reagents below would convert 2-pentyne to trans-2-pentene?
A) NaNH<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>
B) Na, NH<sub>3</sub>
C) H<sub>2</sub>, Lindlar's catalyst
D) H<sub>2</sub>, Pd/C
E) H<sub>2</sub>O, HgSO<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>
Q2) Identify the expected major product from the treatment of 1-pentyne with 1 equivalent of HBr.
A) 1-bromo-1-pentene
B) 2-bromo-1-pentene
C) 1,1-dibromopentane
D) 2,2-dibromopentane
E) 1,2-dibromopentane
Q3) Reaction of (3E,5Z)-3-methylhepta-3,5-dien-1-yne with H<sub>2 </sub>and Pd/C will produce which of the compounds below?
A) 1-sec-butylbutane
B) 2-butylbutane2
C) 3-methylheptane
D) 3-methyl-1-heptyne
E) (3E,5Z)-3-methyl-1,3,5-heptatriene
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Chapter 10: Radical Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compound A, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub> reacts with HBr/ROOR to give compound B, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>13</sub>Br. Compound C, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>, reacts with bromine and light to produce compound B, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>13</sub>Br. Suggest structures for compounds A, B, and C.
Q2) Propose a synthesis of 1-iodo-2-methylpropane from 2-methylpropene.
Q3) Which of the following correctly describes the nature of the transition state of the rate-determining step of the free-radical bromination of methane?
A) the transition state resembles the reactants more than the products
B) the transition state resembles the products more than the reactants
C) the transition state equally resembles products and reactants
Q4) Upon treatment with NBS and irradiation with UV light, 2-methyl-2-butene reacts to produce exactly six monobrominated compounds. Draw the products of this reaction.
Q5) Which monomer is used for the synthesis of Teflon?
A) 1,1-difluoroethene
B) 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropene
C) 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethene
D) tetrafluoromethane
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Chapter 11: Synthesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following sequences of reagents will move the alcohol functional group from the tertiary position of 1-methylcyclohexanol to a secondary position?
A) 1. KOtBu; 2. Hg(OAc)<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O; 3. NaBH<sub>4</sub>
B) 1. TsCl, pyr; 2. KOtBu; 3. BH<sub>3</sub>-THF; 4. H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, NaOH
C) 1. H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, heat; 2. BH<sub>3</sub>THF; 3. H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, NaOH
D) 1. TsCl, pyr; 2. NaOH; 3. BH<sub>3</sub>THF; 4. H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, NaOH
E) C and D will both work
Q2) Taxol is found in the ______ tree
A)tea
B)Eucalyptus
C)sausage fruit
D)Baobab
E)Pacific yew
Q3) Propose a synthesis of 1-butene from propyne.
Q4) Devise a synthetic route to prepare 3-bromo-1-propanol from propene.
Q5) Propose a synthetic route to convert 3-methyl-2-butanol into 3-methyl-1-butanol.
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Chapter 12: Alcohols and Phenols
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the type of bonding between molecules of alcohol.
A) ion-ion
B) van der Waals forces
C) hydrogen bonding
D) ion-dipole
E) London dispersion
Q2) Identify wood alcohol.
A) methanol
B) 2-propanol
C) ethanol
D) 1-butanol
E) 1-propanol
Q3) What is the IUPAC name for isobutyl alcohol?
A) 2-methyl-1-propanol
B) 2-methyl-1-butanol
C) 1-methyl-1-propanol
D) 1,1-dimethyl-1-ethanol
E) 3-methyl-1-propanol
Q4) Explain why cyclohexanol has a pK<sub>a</sub> of 18 and phenol has a pK<sub>a</sub> of 10. Use structural drawings to explain your reasoning.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Ethers and Epoxides; Thiols and Sulfides
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Sample Questions
Q1) Provide the structure for oxetane.
Q2) Provide the structure for 2-iodo-4-isopropyl-1-methoxybenzene.
Q3) Provide the structure for (R)-1,1-dimethoxy-3-phenoxycyclopentane.
Q4) Draw all constitutional isomers with molecular formula C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>O having an ether functional group and provide the IUPAC name for each isomer.
Q5) Can you prepare diisopropyl ether as the major product by heating 2-propanol in the presence of sulfuric acid? Explain your answer.
Q6) What is the IUPAC name for CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH <sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>?
A) 1,4-ethoxyoctane
B) diethoxy butyl ether
C) 1,2-diethoxymethane
D) 1,2-diethoxyhexane
E) 1,4-diethoxybutane
Q7) Provide the structure for oxolane.
Q8) Draw all constitutional isomers with molecular formula C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O having an ether functional group.
Q9) The polyethers that function like crown ethers are called _________. Page 15
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Page 16
Chapter 14: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the base peak in the mass spectrum of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane?
A) 114
B) 57
C) 42
D) 29
E) none of these
Q2) Which of the following electromagnetic radiation has the highest frequency?
A) UV
B) X-ray
C) IR
D) microwave
E) visible
Q3) Which of the following electromagnetic radiation has the longest wavelength?
A) UV
B) X-ray
C) IR
D) microwave
E) visible
Q4) Warmer objects emit more __________ radiation.
17
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Chapter 15: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true about the relationship between the energy gap ( E) between the spin states for a <sup>1</sup>H nucleus and the strength of the external magnetic field?
A) they are inversely proportional B) they are directly proportional C) there is no relationship
D) the magnetic field is slightly less E) none of these
Q2) The <sup> ADVANCE \u 2</sup><sup>1</sup> ADVANCE \d 2H NMR spectrum of 1-propanol displays a singlet for the OH proton instead of a triplet. Explain why.
Q3) Which of the following displays a negative signal in the DEPT-135 <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy?
A) CH<sub>3</sub>
B) CH<sub>2</sub>
C) CH
D) C
E) none of these
Q4) ______is used as a reference for recording NMR spectra and is assigned a chemical shift value of zero.
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Chapter 16: Conjugated Pi Systems and Pericyclic Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Diels Alder reaction is a concerted reaction. Define concerted.
A) The product contains a cyclic ring.
B) The diene must be in the s-cis conformation to react.
C) All changes in bonding (bond making and bond breaking) occur simultaneously.
D) It is an endothermic reaction.
E) Both exo and endo products are formed.
Q2) Identify the MOs that react to form cyclohexene via a Diels-Alder Reaction.
A) LUMO of 1,3-butadiene and HOMO of ethylene
B) LUMO of 1,3-butadiene and LUMO of ethylene
C) HOMO of 1,3-butadiene and HOMO of ethylene
D) HOMO of 1,3-butadiene and LUMO of ethylene
Q3) How many electrons does the HOMO of 2,4-hexadiene have in its ground state?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 0
Q4) Identify the two types of light-sensitive cells that function as photoreceptors.
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Q5) Provide the structure of the 1,4 addition product for the reaction of 1,3-hexadiene with Br<sub>2</sub>/CCl<sub>4</sub>.
Chapter 17: Aromatic Compounds
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the structure for 3-isobutyl-5-isopropylaniline?
Q2) Which one of the following statements is not true for a compound to be considered as aromatic?
A) The compound must be cyclic and planar
B) The compound must be monocyclic.
C) The compound must have a conjugated system with a p orbital at every vertex
D) The compound must satisfy Hückel's rule -must have (4n + 2) \(\pi\) electrons.
E) none of these
Q3) Provide the reagent(s) necessary to convert toluene to benzoic acid.
A)
Na<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>/H<sub >2</sub>O
B) 1. NBS, \(\Delta\) 2.NaOH
C) 1. LiAlH<sub>4</sub> 2. H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>
D) H<sub>2</sub>, Pd
E) 1. CO<sub>2,</sub> 2. H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>
Q4) What is the structure for styrene?
Q5) When the benzene ring is treated as a substituent, it is called a _________ group
Q6) Molecular orbitals of equal energy are referred to as _________ orbitals.
Page 20
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Chapter 18: Aromatic Substitution Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nitro group ___________ the benzene ring to make it __________ reactive than benzene.
Q2) Which of the following compounds will not undergo nucleophilic aromatic substitution?
A) 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
B) 1-bromo-4-nitrobenzene
C) o-chloronitrobenzene
D) m-chloronitrobenzene
E) p-chloronitrobenzene
Q3) Which of the following substituents will not direct the incoming group to the ortho/para position during electrophilic aromatic substitution?
A) -CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
B) -CF<sub>3</sub>
C) -OCH<sub>3</sub>
D) -NHCH<sub>3</sub>
E) -Br
Q4) Provide the structures of the major resonance contributors when nitrobenzene reacts with an electrophile in electrophilic aromatic substitution at the meta position.
Q5) Identify the mechanism by which benzene reacts with bromine.
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Chapter 19: Aldehydes and Ketones
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Sample Questions
Q1) The <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of a compound with formula C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>14</sub>O shows a singlet at 9.2 ppm. Which one of the following is a possible structure for this compound?
A) 2-methyl-3-hexanone
B) 2-methylhexanal
C) 2,2 -dimethylpentanal
D) 2,2-dimethyl-3-pentanone
E) B & C
Q2) Using 1-propanol as your only source of carbon, and using any other reagents as appropriate, write a complete stepwise synthesis for 3-hexanone.
Q3) Suggest a stepwise synthesis for pentanal from butanal.
Q4) Benzaldehyde is less reactive than ethanal towards nucleophilic addition reactions. Explain why using words as well as structural drawings.
Q5) Provide the structure for 2,3-dimethyl-2-octen-4-one.
Q6) Suggest a stepwise synthesis for 3-phenylpropanal from benzyl alcohol.
Q7) Suggest a stepwise synthesis for 1-pentanol from butanal.
Q8) Suggest a stepwise synthesis for 4-methyl-1-pentanamine from 3-methyl-1-butanol.
Q9) Provide the structure for m-nitroacetophenone.
Q10) Suggest a stepwise synthesis for 5-methylhexanal from 3-methyl-1-bromobutane. Page 22
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Chapter 20: Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
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Sample Questions
Q1) Provide the structure for benzoyl chloride.
Q2) Propose a stepwise synthesis for N-propylbutanamide, using 1-proanol and/or carbon dioxide as your only source of carbon and any other reagents necessary.
Q3) Provide the structure for benzyl propionate.
Q4) Methanoic acid is commonly known as ________.
Q5) Provide the structure for benzoic ethanoic anhydride.
Q6) Which one of the following is the strongest acid? Explain your choice.
A)2,3-dimethylheptanoic acid
B)3,3-dichlorohexanoic acid
C)4-bromo-3-iodohexanoic acid
D)4-bromo-3-chloroheptanoic acid
E)4-bromo-2-fluorohexanoic acid
Q7) Provide the structure for N-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide.
Q8) Give the IUPAC name for glutaric acid.
A) ethanedioic acid
B) propanedioic acid
C) butanedioic acid
D) pentanedioic acid
E) benzoic acid
Q9) Provide the structure for acetic formic anhydride. Page 24
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Chapter 21: Alpha Carbon Chemistry: Enols and Enolates
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Sample Questions
Q1) In an aldol mechanism, the ___________ attacks the aldehyde.
Q2) Provide the reagents necessary to convert acetophenone to benzoic acid.
A) PCC/CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>
B) 1. NaOH/Br<sub>2</sub>
2) H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>
C) 1. KMnO<sub>4</sub>/NaOH/H<sub>2</sub>O
2) H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>
D) 1. Br<sub>2</sub>/PBr<sub>3</sub>
2) H<sub>2</sub>O
E) both B and C
Q3) Provide the structure of the enol when 3,3,6-trimethyl-4-heptanone is treated with acid.
Q4) Identify a reactive starting material in the Claisen condensation.
A) 3-pentanone
B) butanal
C) ethyl butanoate
D) 1-propanol
E) propanoic anhydride
Q5) Provide the structure of the enolate when acetophenone is treated with a strong base.
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Chapter 22: Amines
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the strongest base.
A) 4-chloroaniline
B) 4-nitroaniline
C) 4-aminobenzonitrile
D) aniline
E) 4-aminoanisole
Q2) What is the structure for 3-chloro-N-ethyl-1-pentanamine?
Q3) Which of the following is a primary amine?
A) CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>
B)
CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NHCH<sub>2</sub>CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> C)
(CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>NCH<sub>2</sub>CH(CH<sub>3</sub> )<sub>2</sub>
D) (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>N<sup>+ </sup>OH<sup>-</sup>
E) (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>N
Q4) The ________ reaction is used to prepare primary amines by using potassium phthalimide. This reaction proceeds by a ________ mechanism.
Q5) What is the structure for N-ethylbenzylamine?
Q6) Provide a stepwise synthesis of 3-amino-2-methylpentane using the Gabriel synthesis.
Q7) What is the structure for N,N-diethylaniline? Page 27
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Chapter 23: Introduction to Organometallic Compounds
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each intermediate in alkene metathesis is formed by _____ cycloaddition
Q2) Which of the following reagents cannot be used in the synthesis of a Gilman reagent?
A) lithium metal
B) lithium halide
C) alkyl halide
D) aryl halide
E) vinyl halide
Q3) Which alkyl halide is most reactive with magnesium metal?
A) CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Br
B) CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>F
C) CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>I
D) CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl
Q4) Which of the following is the most polar bond?
A) C-B
B) C-Pd
C) C-Zn
D) C-Pt
Q5) Why is ethanol not a viable solvent in the synthesis of Grignard reagents?
Q6) Explain why the solvent for a Grignard reaction must be free of water.
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Chapter 24: Carbohydrates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Degradation of naturally occurring glucose produces _________ that is
A) D-glyceraldehyde, dextrorotatory
B) D-glyceraldehyde, levorotatory
C) L-glyceraldehyde, dextrorotatory
D) L-glyceraldehyde, levorotatory
E) none of these
Q2) Draw the Haworth projection for \(\beta\)-D-erythrofuranose.
Q3) Identify the monomer in cellulose.
A) (\(\alpha\)-D-glucose)
B) (\(\beta\)-D-glucose)
C) (\(\alpha\)-D-galactose)
D) (\(\beta\)-D-fructose)
E) maltose
Q4) Identify the monosaccharide(s) in sucrose.
Q5) Draw a Fisher projection for the enantiomer of D-glucose.
Q6) Predict the product(s) when \(\beta\)-D-galactopyranose reacts with excess acetic anhydride in the presence of pyridine.
Q7) Identify the most common naturally occurring ketose.
Q8) Predict the product(s) when maltose is treated with NaBH<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O. Page 30
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Chapter 25: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
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Sample Questions
Q1) When more than fifty amino acids are connected to each other, they form
A) a tripeptide
B) a protein
C) a polypeptide
D) a tetrapeptide
E) none of these
Q2) The pH at which the concentration of the zwitterionic form of an amino acid is at a maximum value is called the _______.
A) dipolar point
B) electric point
C) neutral point
D) isoelectric point
E) none of these
Q3) When four amino acids are connected to each other, they form ____________.
A) a tripeptide
B) a protein
C) a polypeptide
D) a tetrapeptide
E) a dipeptide
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Chapter 26: Lipids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which one of the following is a class of simple lipids?
A) steroids
B) triglycerides
C) phoshpholipids
D) waxes
E) furans
Q2) The reaction of triglycerides with a base is a(n) ________ reaction.
A) esterification
B) transesterification
C) saponification
D) autooxidation
E) oxidation
Q3) Compounds containing repeated isoprene units are called ________.
A) cephalins
B) terpenes
C) eicosanoids
D) steroids
E) diterpene
Q4) Predict the product when testosterone is treated with PCC.
Q5) Which of the following is a common characteristic of prostaglandins PGD and PGE?
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Chapter 27: Synthetic Polymers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following elements is used during the vulcanization of rubber?
A) silicon
B) aluminum
C) sulfur
D) phosphorous
E) Aluminum
Q2) Which of the following descriptions is/are consistent with biodegradable polymers?
A) polymers that can be broken down by enzymes produced by microorganisms
B) polymers with ester moieties
C) polymers with amide moieties
D) polymers known as polyhydroxyalkanoates
E) all of these
Q3) Provide the structure of a region of a random copolymer constructed from ethylene and styrene.
Q4) Define biogradable polymers.
Q5) Draw a possible segment of syndiotactic poly(vinyl fluoride).
Q6) Provide the structure of a region of the polymer that is produced when phosgene is treated with 3,3-dimethyl-1,5-pentanediol.
Q7) Give the monomers to form Nylon 6,6.
Page 34
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