Biochemistry Test Bank - 3204 Verified Questions

Biochemistry

Test Bank

Course Introduction

Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms. This course explores the molecular foundations of life, covering the structure and function of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. Students will learn about enzyme mechanisms, metabolic pathways, regulation of biochemical reactions, and the integration of metabolism in cells. The course also emphasizes the experimental techniques used in biochemistry and their applications in health, disease, and biotechnology.

Recommended Textbook

Organic Chemistry 8th Edition by Paula Yurkanis Bruice

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28 Chapters

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Chapter 1: Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic

Structure and Bonding

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Sample Questions

Q1) The N-H bond in the ammonium ion,NH₄⁺,is formed by the overlap of what two orbitals?

A)sp³-sp³

B)sp³-sp²

C)sp²-sp²

D)sp²-s

E)sp³-s

Answer: E

Q2) Nitrous oxide N₂O,also known as laughing gas is often used in surgery and dentistry for its anesthetic and analgesic effects.Draw its Lewis structure?

Answer: 11ea8a1c_2c6e_fd18_b657_477afb08cbdb_TB1831_00

Q3) Draw the Kekulé structure and show the direction of the dipole moment for CH₂Cl₂.

Answer: 11ea8a1c_2c6d_9d7f_b657_6dc2fcc50c70_TB1831_00

Q4) Covalent bonds may be polar or nonpolar.What property of the atoms forming a given bond determines this?

Answer: electronegativity

Q5) Give the hybridization,shape,and bond angle for each carbon in CH₃CN. Answer: CH₃- sp³,tetrahedral,109.5; C - sp,linear,180

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Chapter 2: Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry

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Sample Questions

Q1) H-A is an acid with a pKa of 4.5.Which of the following statements about an aqueous solution of H-A is true?

A)At pH = 4.5,the solution contains much more H-A than.A^-.

B)At pH = 4.5,the solution contains much more A^- than H-A.

C)At pH- 3.5,the solution contains about 90% A^- and 10% H-A.

D)At pH = 6.5,the solution contains about 80% A^{- and 20% H-A}.

E)At pH = 5.5,the solution contains about 90% A^- and 10% H-A.

Answer: E

Q2) What is the conjugate acid of NH₃?

A)(⁺NH₃)

B)(^-NH)

C)(⁺NH₄)

D)(^-NH₂)

E)(⁺NH₂)

Answer: C

Q3) At what pH will 25% of a compound with a pKa of 5.3 be in its basic form?

Answer: 4.8

Q4) HCN has a pKa = 9.1.What form of the compound,HCN or CN^-,will predominate in a solution of pH = 7.0

Answer: HCN

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Chapter 3: An Introduction to Organic Compounds:

Nomenclature, physical Properties, and Structure

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Sample Questions

Q1) What is the strongest intermolecular force present in liquid ethanol?

A)induced dipole-induced dipole

B)dipole-dipole,specifically hydrogen bonding

C)dipole-dipole,but not hydrogen bonding

D)ion-dipole

E)ion-ion

Answer: B

Q2) Would you expect sodium chloride (NaCl)to be highly soluble in the organic solvent hexane

(CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH< sub>3</sub>)? Briefly explain your answer.

Answer: One would not expect NaCl to be highly soluble in hexane.NaCl is an ionic solid (i.e.,a very polar material)while hexane is nonpolar.Nonpolar solvent molecules do not solvate ions well.The attractions of oppositely charged ions to each other are vastly greater than the weak attractions of the ions for the solvent.

Q3) Draw the Newman projection that represents the least stable conformation of 3,3-dimethylhexane viewed along the C3-C4 bond.

Answer: 11ea8a1c_2c7c_43da_b657_3581952fc859_TB1831_00

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Chapter 4: Isomers: the Arrangement of Atoms in Space

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Sample Questions

Q1) Meso compounds

A)are chiral

B)have plane of symmetry

C)are optically inactive

D)are constitutional isomers

E)B and C

Q2) Which of the following is/are optically inactive?

A)a 50-50 mixture of R and S enantiomers

B)a meso compound

C)every achiral compound

D)a racemic mixture

E)all the above

Q3) Which of the following is a meso compound?

A)trans-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane

B)cis-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane

C)trans-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane

D)cis-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane

E)trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane

Q4) Provide a careful structure for (2R,3S)-2,3-dibromohexane.

Q5) Briefly describe how two enantiomers might be separated.

Page 6

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Chapter 5: Alkenes: Structure,nomenclature,and an

Introduction to Reactivity - Thermodynamics and Kinetics

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Sample Questions

Q1) Give the possibilities in structure for a compound with a formula of C₆H₁₀.

A)no rings,no double bonds,no triple bonds

B)one double bond,or one ring

C)two rings,two double bonds,one double bond + one ring,or one triple bond

D)three rings,three double bonds,two double bonds + one ring,one ring + two double bonds,one triple bond + one ring,or one double bond + one ring

E)benzene

Q2) Consider the one-step conversion of F to G.Given that the reaction is endergonic by 5 kcal/mol and that the energy difference between G and the transition state for the process is 15 kcal/mol,sketch a reaction-energy profile for this reaction.Make sure to show how the given energy differences are consistent with your sketch.

Q3) Draw the curved arrows to show how CH₃CH=CHCH₃ reacts with HBr to form a carbocation.

Q4) Draw (E)-2-methyl-3-hexen-1-ol.

Q5) Draw vinyl bromide.

Q6) Under what conditions is G° equal to H° for a chemical reaction?

Q7) Draw the structure of (Z)-4-ethyl-3-methylheptene.

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Chapter 6: The Reactions of Alkenes - the Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions

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Sample Questions

Q1) Give the types of products formed from the bromination and catalytic hydrogenation (using D₂)of cyclohexene.

Q2) For an endergonic reaction step,the Hammond postulate allows one to say that A)the transition state of the step resembles the reactants of the step.

B)the transition state of the step resembles the products of the step.

C)the step is rate-determining since it has the smallest E_a.

D)the reaction containing this step is overall first order.

E)the transition state is precisely symmetric with bond-breaking and bond-forming occurring to the same extent.

Q3) What is the product of the hydrogenation of an alkene?

A)dihaloalkane

B)alkane

C)haloalkane

D)alcohol

E)ether

Q4) What is hyperconjugation,and how does it affect carbocation stability?

Q5) Draw the structures of the two alkenes that react with HBr to yield 1-bromo-1-methylcyclopentane as the major organic product.

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Chapter 7: The Reactions of Alkynes - Introduction to Multistep Synthesis

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Sample Questions

Q1) Draw an acceptable structure for 2-hexyne.

Q2) Give the systematic name for the alkyne Cl₃CCH₂CH₂CCCH₃.

Q3) Draw an acceptable structure for 3-sec-butyl-1-heptyne.

Q4) In the reduction of alkynes using sodium in liquid ammonia,which of the species below is not an intermediate in the commonly accepted mechanism?

A)vinyl anion

B)vinyl radical

C)radical anion

D)vinyl cation

Q5) Among the compounds water,1-butyne,2-butyne,and ethane,which are stronger acids than ammonia?

A)1-butyne and ethane

B)water and 1-butyne

C)water and ethane

D)1-butyne and 2-butyne

Q6) Provide the structure of the major organic product that results when 2-butyne is treated with H₂ in the presence of Lindlar's catalyst.

Page 9

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Electronic Effects: an Introduction to the Reactions of

Benzene

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Sample Questions

Q1) Why does the (E,E)-isomer of 2,4-hexadiene react much more rapidly with dienophiles than does the (Z,Z)-isomer?

Q2) Which of the following terms best describes a Diels-Alder reaction?

A)a [4+2] cycloaddition

B)a [2+2] cycloaddition

C)a sigmatropic rearrangement

D)a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition

E)a substitution reaction

Q3) Which of the following statement is incorrect about drawing resonance contributors?

A)can move -electrons

B)can move lone pairs

C)cannot move atoms

D)net charge in various contributors remains same

E)can break single bonds

Q4) Draw (Z)-1,3-hexadiene in its s-trans conformation.

Q5) Which MOs are bonding MOs in the ground state of 1,3,5-hexatriene? Page 10

Q6) Draw the LUMO of 1,3,5-hexatriene.

Q7) Mark the most electron-rich carbon atom in the compound below with an asterisk.

Q8) Draw the s-cis conformation of (2E,4Z)-4-methyl-2,4,-heptadiene.

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Chapter 9: Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides

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Sample Questions

Q1) Identify the alkyl halide that reacts the fastest in an S_N1 reaction.

A)2-chloropropane

B)2-bromopropane

C)2-fluoropropane

D)2-iodopropane

Q2) Which of the following correctly reflects relative stabilities of carbocations?

A)3° allylic > 2° > 1° benzylic

B)methyl > 2° benzylic > 3°

C)3° benzylic > vinyl > 1°

D)2° allylic > 2° > vinyl

E)1° benzylic > 3° > 3° allylic

Q3) Which of the following is the rate law for S_N1 mechanisms?

A)Rate = k[Alkyl Halide] [Nucleophile]

B)Rate = k[Nucleophile]

C)Rate = k[Alkyl Halide]

D)Rate = k[Alkyl Halide] [Nucleophile] + k₂[Alkyl Halide]

E)Rate = k₁[Alkyl Halide] + k₂[Nucleophile]

Q4) What reaction mechanism predominates when 1-bromo-1-propylcyclopentane is heated in ethanol?

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Q5) Why is the E1 not a likely mechanism when 1-chloropentane is heated in ethanol?

Chapter 10: Reactions of Alcohols, ethers, epoxides, amines and

Sulfur-Containing Compounds

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Sample Questions

Q1) Arene oxides are formed

A)by the reaction of cytochrome P₄₅₀with oxygen.

B)by the reaction of cytochrome P₄₅₀ with peroxy acids.

C)by the reaction of cytochrome P₄₅₀ with PCC.

D)by the reaction of cytochrome P₄₅₀ with alcohols.

E)by the reaction of cytochrome P₄₅₀ with aromatic compounds.

Q2) Name and provide the structure of the major organic product which results when (R)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol is heated in the presence of HBr.

Q3) Why are alcohols typically poor electrophiles?

Q4) Which of the following is the best method for preparing CH₃Br?

A)CH₃OH + Br^-

B)CH₃OH + HBr

C)CH₃OH + Br₂

D)CH₃OH + NaBr

E)CH₃OH + Br⁺

Q5) A compound (A)C₄H₁₀O is optically active.(A)reacts with HCl and ZnCl₂ (Lucas test)to form a cloudy product within 10 minutes.Deduce the structure of (A).

Q6) How are certain arene oxides believed to cause cancer?

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Chapter 11: Organometallic Compounds

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Sample Questions

Q1) In palladium catalyzed coupling reactions,the first step is called A)oxidative elimination.

B)reductive addition.

C)oxidative addition.

D)reductive elimination.

E)none of the above.

Q2) Grubbs catalysts are based on A)palladium.

B)copper.

C)magnesium.

D)lithium.

E)ruthenium.

Q3) In a Grignard reagent,the carbon bonded to the magnesium has a partial ________ charge,because carbon is ________ electronegative than magnesium.This makes this carbon of the Grignard ________.

A)negative,more,nucleophilic

B)negative,less,electrophilic

C)positive,more,electrophilic

D)positive,less,nucleophilic

E)positive,less,electrophilic

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Chapter 12: Radicals

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Sample Questions

Q1) What reagent can best be used to convert cyclopentene to 3-bromocyclopentene in a single step?

A)Br₂,h

B)NBS,

C)HBr

D)HBr with peroxide

E)none of the above

Q2) How many radicals can one molecule of hydroquinone trap?

A)1

B)2

C)3

D)4

E)Zero

Q3) Which is more stable,a tertiary alkyl radical or a benzylic radical? Explain.

Q4) How would you convert 1-propene to 2-bromobutene?

Q5) How many electrons are contained in the p orbital of the methyl radical?

A)zero

B)one

C)two

D)three

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Chapter 13: Mass Spectrometry,infrared Spectroscopy,and Uvvis Spectroscopy

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Sample Questions

Q1) Describe the similarities and differences in the infrared spectra of methyl propanoate and butanoic acid.

Q2) In the mass spectrum of 1,2-dichloroethane,what is the m/z of the molecular ion peak of greatest intensity?

A)94

B)96

C)98

D)100

E)102

Q3) Which of the following species has a characteristic absorption at 2200 cm^-1 in its IR spectrum?

A)PhCH₂CN

B)PhCH₂N(CH₃)₂

C)PhCH₂CO₂CH₃

D)PhCH₂CH₂OH

E)PhCH₂OCH₃

Q4) Describe the molecular ion region in the mass spectrum of CH₃CH₂Br.

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Q5) Which compound's C C IR band is weakest,1-butyne,2-pentyne,or 3-hexyne? Why?

Chapter 14: Nmr Spectroscopy

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Sample Questions

Q1) Determine the number of signals for isopentylamine in the ¹H NMR spectrum.

A)2

B)3

C)4

D)5

E)6

Q2) How many signals would you expect to see in the ¹H NMR spectrum of the following compound? ClCH₂CH₂Cl

A)5

B)4

C)3

D)2

E)1

Q3) What multiplicities are observed in the spin coupled ¹³C NMR spectrum of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene?

Q4) Deduce the identity of the compound from the data provided. C₅H₁₀O₂: IR (cm^-1): 2950,1740; ¹³C NMR ( ,splitting): 15.8 (q),19.7 (q),68.4 (d),195.3 (s)

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Chapter 15: Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid

Derivatives

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Sample Questions

Q1) Provide a detailed,stepwise mechanism for the reaction of acetyl chloride with methanol to produce methyl acetate and HCl.

Q2) A nitrile can be made by dehydrating an amide.However,for this reaction to occur,the amide must be

A)primary.

B)secondary. C)tertiary.

D)N-methylated.

E)part of a lactam.

Q3) What reagents are used to dehydrate amides to nitriles?

Q4) Which is the strongest base?

A)Cl^-

B)RCOO^-

C)RO^-

D)HO^-

E)H₂N^-

Q5) Why are -lactams,such as penicillins and cephalosporins,unusually reactive amides?

Page 18

Q6) Provide a detailed,stepwise mechanism for the reaction of butyrolactone with ammonia.

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Chapter 16: Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones

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Sample Questions

Q1) Provide the proper IUPAC name for CH₃CHOHCH₂COCH₂C(CH₃)<sub>2</ sub>CH₂CH₃.

Q2) Which of the following synthetic routes works best for preparing 4-octene?

A)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH=PPh₃ + CH₃CH₂CH₂CHO

B)4-bromooctane + NaOCH₃

C)4-bromooctane + KOC(CH₃)₃

D)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂MgBr + CH₃CH₂CH₂CHO

E)CH₃CH₂CH=PPh₃ + CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CHO

Q3) Diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBALH)can be used to carry out which of the following conversions?

A)ester to aldehyde

B)carboxylic acid to ester

C)2 alcohol to ketone

D)aldehyde to carboxylic acid

E)ester to ketone

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Page 20

Chapter 17: Reactions at the -Carbon

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Sample Questions

Q1) In the Michael reaction,addition to the , -unsaturated carbonyl occurs in a

A)1,2-fashion

B)1,3-fashion

C)1,4-fashion

D)1,5-fashion

E)Diels-Alder reaction

Q2) Which of the following routes works best for the preparation of 3-ethylcyclohexanone from cyclohexanone?

A)1)LDA 2.Br₂ 3.CH₃CH₂MgBr

B)1)Br₂,H₃O⁺

2.KOC(CH₃)₃

3.(CH₃CH₂)₂CuLi

4.H₃O⁺

C)1)Br₂,H₃O⁺ 2.CH₃CH₂OH,

D)1)NBS 2.Mg,ether 3.CH₃CHO

E)1)Br₂,h 2.NaOH 3.NaOCH₂CH₃ 4.H₃O⁺

Q3) Provide the structure of the Claisen product in the self-condensation of methyl phenylacetate.

Q4) What product is formed in the mixed Claisen condensation between methyl benzoate and cyclohexanone?

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Chapter 18: Reactions of Benzene and Substituted

Benzenes

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Sample Questions

Q1) What is the major organic product of the reaction between benzene and isobutyl chloride in the presence of AlCl₃?

A)tert-butylbenzene

B)isobutylbenzene

C)n-butylbenzene

D)chlorobenzene

E)sec-butylbenzene

Q2) Which of the following substituents acts as a moderate activator and o/p director in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions?

A)-Br

B)-SO₃H

C)-CO₂H

D)-NHCOR

E)-CHO

Q3) In the bromination of benzene using Br₂ and FeBr₃,is the intermediate carbocation aromatic? Explain.

Q4) Provide the structure of anisole.

Q5) Explain why direct nitration of aniline yields,among other products,m-nitroaniline.

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Chapter 19: More About Amines - Reactions of Heterocylic Compounds

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Q1) What results when cis-2-butene is subjected to the following reaction sequence? (1)Cl₂,H₂O,(2)NaOH,(3)H₃O⁺?

A)a meso epoxide

B)a 1:1 mixture of enantiomeric epoxides

C)a meso diol

D)a 1:1 mixture of enantiomeric diols

E)2-butanol

Q2) Pyridine does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reactions.Offer an explanation.

Q3) Which of the following statements best describes the meaning of the term alkaloid?

A)heterocyclic natural products with a nitrogen as a heteroatom

B)natural,cyclic hydrocarbons

C)heterocyclic natural products with a sulfur as a heteroatom

D)heterocyclic natural products with an oxygen as a heteroatom

E)natural,cyclic hydrocarbons with alkyl groups

Q4) Draw the structure of a porphyrin ring system,and list three common,naturally-occurring molecules which contain a porphyrin-like ring system as part of their structure.

Q5) Draw 2-methylpyrrolidine.

Page 23

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Chapter 20: The Organic Chemistry of Carbohydrates

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Q1) Draw the more stable chair conformer of -D-glucopyranose.

Q2) Provide the Haworth projection of ethyl- -D-mannopyranoside.

Q3) Which of the following sugars yields the same alditol upon reduction with NaBH₄ as does D-glucose?

A)D-fructose

B)D-mannose

C)L-glucose

D)D-arabinose

E)none of the above

Q4) An optically active D-aldopentose produced an optically active alditol upon treatment with NaBH₄.When this aldopentose was subjected to a Ruff degradation,a D-aldotetrose was generated.This aldotetrose gave an optically active aldaric acid upon oxidation with HNO₃.Use these data to provide the structure of the starting D-aldopentose.

Q5) Draw the Fischer projection for the open-chain form of D-glucose.

Q6) Under what conditions is the methyl glycoside of galactose prepared?

Q7) Draw L-erythrose.

Q8) Which of the D-aldopentoses yields an optically inactive aldonic acid upon oxidation with bromine water? Explain your answer.

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Chapter 21: Amino Acids,peptides,and Proteins

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Q1) In conventional peptide synthesis,the nitrogen of a given amino acid must be deactivated or blocked while the carboxyl group is activated.Which of the following reagents is used to protect the amino group of an amino acid?

A)di-tert-butyl dicarbonate

B)dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

C)ninhydrin

D)trifluoroacetic acid

E)phenylisothiocyanate

Q2) What is an amino acid analyzer?

Q3) Phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC)is commonly known as Edman's reagent.Edman's reagent is widely used to identify which of the following?

A)the number and kind of amino acids in the protein

B)the disulfide bridges in the protein

C)C-terminal amino acid of the protein

D)N-terminal amino acid of the protein

E)the number of peptide bonds in the protein

Q4) What is the net charge of arginine in a solution of pH 1.0?

Q5) Draw the form of L-tryptophan which is present at biological pH.

Q6) Draw the form in which glutamate exists at pH = 0.

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Chapter 22: Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions

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Q1) Provide two ways in which acid catalyzes ester hydrolysis.

Q2) Show why typical metal-bound water has a considerably lower pKa than that of water.

Q3) Which of the following is not true about the enzyme carboxypeptidase A?

A)Arg 145 and Tyr 248 are involved in the catalytic process of the enzyme.

B)The metal ion in carboxypeptidase A is partially liganded to the oxygen of the carbonyl group that will be hydrolyzed.

C)Carboxypeptidase A catalyzes the hydrolysis of the C-terminal peptide bond in proteins.

D)Carboxypeptidase A is a metalloenzyme.

E)The metal ion in carboxypeptidase is a Cu⁺².

Q4) Describe the acid-catalyzed second slow step in the hydrolysis of an ester.

A)The electron pair on oxygen forms double bond and alcohol is the leaving group.

B)The base abstracts extra hydrogen from protonated alcohol.

C)The oxygen of the carbonyl group abstracts a hydrogen from HB.

D)Water attacks the carbonyl carbon and electron pair goes to oxygen.

E)The oxygen on the alkoxy group abstracts a hydrogen from HB.

Q5) Explain what is meant by site-specific mutagenesis.

Q6) How does Zn²⁺ catalyze the hydrolysis of trifluoroacetate esters?

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Chapter 23: The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes, compounds

Derived From Vitamins

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Q1) Give the purpose of vitamin KH₂ as a coenzyme.

A)catalyzes the carboxylation of the alpha-carbon of the glutamate side chain in proteins

B)catalyzes the carboxylation of the beta-carbon of the glutamate side chain in proteins

C)catalyzes the carboxylation of the beta-carbon of the aspartate side chain in proteins

D)catalyzes the carboxylation of the gamma-carbon of the glutamate side chain in proteins

E)catalyzes the carboxylation of the alpha-carbon of the aspartate side chain in proteins

Q2) What are catabolic and anabolic reactions?

Q3) Which of the following statements is not true of coenzymes?

A)Coenzymes catalyze chemical reactions similar to enzymes.

B)Coenzymes may function as oxidizing and reducing agents.

C)Coenzymes play a variety of chemical roles exactly like those played by the amino acid side chains of enzymes.

D)Coenzymes may function as nucleophiles or strong bases needed in a reaction.

E)Coenzymes may function as activators needed in a reaction.

Q4) Through what enzymatic pathway is thymine biosynthesized?

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Chapter 24: The Organic Chemistry of the Metabolic Pathways

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Q1) Most of the energy provided by chemical nutrients is provided in what stage of catabolism?

Q2) Which of the following is the allosteric activator of phosphofructokinase?

A)AMP

B)ADP

C)ATP

D)ADP and AMP

E)ADP,AMP and ATP

Q3) Identify the third step of the citric acid cycle.

A)Citrate is converted to isocitrate.

B)Conjugate addition of water to the double bond of fumarate forms (S)-malate.

C)Acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate.

D)FAD oxidizes succinate to fumarate.

E)The secondary alcohol of isocitrate is oxidized to a ketone by NAD⁺ and the ketone loses CO₂.

Q4) What organic compound is the most important form of chemical energy?

Q5) Causing a burning sensation in the muscles,what compound builds up in muscle cells when glycolysis occurs under anaerobic conditions?

Q6) In the citric acid cycle,FAD oxidizes succinate to ________.

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Chapter 25: The Organic Chemistry of Lipids

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Q1) Which of the following terms best describes the compound below?

CH₃(CH₂)₁₂CO₂H

A)a fatty acid

B)an oil

C)a wax

D)a soap

E)a phosphatidic acid

Q2) What is the precursor of bile acids?

A)phosphoglyceride

B)acetyl CoA

C)squalene

D)prostaglandin

E)cholesterol

Q3) What is the IUPAC name for isoprene?

A)1,3-pentadiene

B)2,4-pentadiene

C)2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene

D)2-methyl-1,3-butadiene

E)none of the above

Q4) Provide the structure of -farnesene,a simple,acyclic sesquiterpene.

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Chapter 26: The Chemistry of the Nucleic Acids

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Q1) Draw the structure of thymidine.

Q2) What are the four common ribonucleosides?

Q3) For what compound is ATP an abbreviation?

A)adenine triphosphate

B)adenosine tetraphosphate

C)adenine tetraphosphate

D)adenosine triphosphate

E)adenine triphosphoric acid

Q4) How many hydrogen bonds exist between the cytosine/guanine base pairs?

A)1

B)2

C)3

D)4

E)5

Q5) Methionine is the first amino acid incorporated into the heptapeptide specified by the following mRNA: 5'-AUGGACCCCGUUAUUAAACAC-3'.

What is the sequence of the amino acid in the heptapeptide?

Q6) Describe how RNA is easily cleaved.

Q7) Draw the structure of ADP.

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Chapter 27: Synthetic Polymers

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Q1) Draw the structure of the polymer that results when methyl -cyanoacrylate undergoes polymerization.By what name is this polymer commonly known?

Q2) Identify the initiator in a cationic polymerization.

A)KOH

B)BuLi

C)CH₃OOCH₃

D)BF₃,H₂O

E)HCl

Q3) Provide the structure of poly(tetrafluoroethylene).

Q4) Vulcanization involves crosslinking of polymer chains through

A)disulfide bonds

B)amide bonds

C)ester bonds

D)double bonds

E)manual twisting

Q5) What are thermosetting polymers?

Q6) Show the reaction which occurs when benzoyl peroxide is heated.

Q7) List the two major classes of synthetic polymers and give one example of each.

Page 31

Q8) Draw a short segment of plexiglass,using five monomers.

Q9) Provide the structure of poly(propylene).

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Chapter 28: Pericyclic Reactions

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Q1) Under photochemical conditions,(2E,4Z)-hexadiene undergoes a ________ ring closure to yield ________.

A)conrotatory,cis-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene

B)conrotatory,trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene

C)disrotatory,cis-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene

D)disrotatory,trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene

Q2) Which of the following statements concerning electrocyclic reactions is correct?

A)The ground state HOMO of a compound with an even number of conjugated double bonds is asymmetric.

B)The allowed mode of ring closure under thermal conditions for a molecule containing an even number of conjugated double bonds is disrotatory.

C)The allowed mode of ring closure under photochemical conditions for a molecule containing an odd number of conjugated double bonds is disrotatory.

D)both B and C

E)none of the above

Q3) Under thermal conditions,is an [8+2] cycloaddition suprafacial or antarafacial?

Q4) Under photochemical conditions,is an [2+2] cycloaddition suprafacial or antarafacial?

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