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Biochemistry Final Exam - 2476 Verified Questions

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Biochemistry

Final Exam

Course Introduction

Biochemistry explores the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms, bridging the gap between biology and chemistry. Students will gain a foundational understanding of the structure and function of biomolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, and examine how these molecules participate in vital metabolic pathways and cellular signaling. This course also covers enzyme mechanisms, regulation of metabolic processes, and the molecular basis of genetic information flow, providing essential insights for careers and further studies in health, biomedical research, and biotechnology.

Recommended Textbook Organic Chemistry 7th Edition by William H. Brown

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29 Chapters

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Page 2

Chapter 1: Covalent Bonding and Shapes of Molecules

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Sample Questions

Q1) What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a fluorine atom (fluorine: atomic number 9)?

A)1s<sup>1</sup>2s<sup>1</sup>2p<sup>7</sup>

B)1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>5</sup>

C)1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>6</sup>

D)1s<sup>0</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>7</sup>

Answer: B

Q2) Which of the following statements is not true about the carbonate anion, CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup>?

A)All of the oxygen atoms bear the same amount of charge

B)All of the carbon-oxygen bonds are the same length

C)The carbon atom bears the negative charge

D)It is basic

Answer: C

Q3) Which of the following bonds is the most polar?

A)F-F

B)H-F

C)C-H

D)C-Si

Answer: B

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Chapter 2: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

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Q1) How many moles of molecular oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) are consumed in the complete combustion of one mole of hexane (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>)?

A)6

B)9.5

C)12.5

D)14

Answer: B

Q2) Which of the following compounds has 1<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>, 2<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>, 3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup> and 4<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>carbon atoms?

A)hexane

B)2-methylhexane

C)2,2-dimethylhexane

D)2,2,3-trimethylhexane

Answer: D

Q3) How many hydrogen atoms are there in octane?

Answer: 18

Q4) Provide a line-bond structure of hexanoic acid.

Answer: 11ea7d75_f5df_2928_b9bd_152ea302b1fb_TB1813_00_TB1813_00

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Chapter 3: Stereoisomerism and Chirality

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Q1) How many stereoisomers of 3-chloro-2-methylbutane, (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CHCHClCH<sub>3</sub>, exist?

A)1

B)2

C)3

D)4

Answer: B

Q2) Which of the following substituents has the highest priority according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system used in assigning R and S configurations?

A)"-COOH"

B)"-CHO"

C)"-CH<sub>2</sub>OH"

D)"-CH<sub>3</sub>"

Answer: A

Q3) A work glove is chiral but disposable surgical gloves are not.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

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Chapter 4: Acids and Bases

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following is present in the highest concentration upon dissolution of acetic acid in water?

A)OH<sup>-</sup>

B)H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>

C)CH<sub>3</sub>COOH

D)CH<sub>3</sub>COOH<sup>+</sup>

Q2) Which of the following has the highest bond dissociation energy?

A)HF

B)HCl

C)HBr

D)HI

Q3) Which of the following is the strongest acid?

A)HCl

B)HI

C)HF

D)HBr

Q4) ____________________ is defined by the following equation. \(\Delta\)G<sup>\(\circ\)</sup> = -RT ln K<sub>eq</sub>

Q5) The energy needed by reactants to reach the transition state is the____________________,

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Chapter 5: Alkenes: Bonding, Nomenclature, and Properties

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Sample Questions

Q1) What is the index of hydrogen deficiency of a compound with a molecular formula of C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>?

A)0

B)1

C)2

D)3

Q2) What types of units make up terpenes?

A)isoprene

B)propene

C)vitamin A

D)pentadiene

Q3) How many isomers of 1,6-heptadiene exist?

A)1

B)2

C)3

D)4

Q4) Provide the bond-line structure of (Z)-4,5-dichloro-2-pentene.

Q5) What is the value of the index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule with the formula C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>15</sub>N?

Page 7

Q6) Provide the bond-line structure of (2Z,6E)-octa-2,6-diene.

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Chapter 6: Reactions of Alkenes

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Sample Questions

Q1) Product _____would be formed via a primary carbocation.

Q2) Markovnikov addition of HCl to propene involves the formation of a secondary carbocation.

A)True B)False

Q3) Product _____ is the non-Markovnikov product.

Q4) ____________________ predicts that the more stable carbocation intermediate is formed in electrophilic additions to alkenes.

Q5) Product _____ would be formed by a carbocation experiencing the greatest degree of hyperconjugation stabilization.

Q6) What type of orbitals overlap to provide stability to the tert-butyl carbocation by hyperconjugation?

A)3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>C 2p atomic orbital + 3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup> C sp<sup>2</sup> atomic orbital

B)3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>C 2p atomic orbital + methyl C-H \(\sigma\)molecular orbital

C)3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup> C sp<sup>2</sup> atomic orbital + methyl C-H \(\sigma\)molecular orbital

D)3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>C 2p atomic orbital + methyl C 2s atomic orbital

Page 8

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Chapter 7: Alkynes

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Sample Questions

Q1) How many terminal alkynes are there with the molecular formula

C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>12</sub>?

A)5

B)7

C)8

D)9

Q2) Which sequence of reactions can be used to convert (Z) 2-pentene to 2-pentyne

A)Treatment with Br<sub>2</sub>; followed by treatment with NaNH<sub>2</sub>

B)Treatment with Br<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O; followed by treatment with NaOH

C)Treatment with Br<sub>2</sub>; followed by treatment with H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>

D)Treatment with HBr; followed by treatment with NaOH

Q3) Which of the following reagents react with 2-butyne to form (Z)-2-butene

1)H<sub>2</sub>/Lindlar catalyst

2)(sia)<sub>2</sub>BH followed by CH<sub>3</sub>COOH

3)Na/NH<sub>3</sub>

A)only 1

B)only 2

C)only 3

D)only 1 and 2

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Chapter 8: Haloalkanes, Halogenation, and Radical Reactions

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Sample Questions

Q1) What type of orbital contains the unpaired electron of the tert-butyl radical?

A)"s"

B)"p"

C)"sp<sup>3</sup>"

D)"\(\sigma\)"

Q2) What type of orbitals overlap to provide stability to the tert-butyl radical by hyperconjugation?

A)3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup> C 2p atomic orbital + 3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup> C sp<sup>2</sup> atomic orbital

B)3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup> C 2p atomic orbital + methyl C-H \(\sigma\) molecular orbital

C)3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>C sp<sup>2</sup> atomic orbital + methyl C-H \(\sigma\) molecular orbital

D)3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup> C 2p atomic orbital + methyl C 2s atomic orbital

Q3) How many electrons does the allyl radical have in p orbitals

A)1

B)2

C)3

D)4

Q4) The number of allylic positions in compound A is ______.

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Chapter 9: Nucleophilic Substitution and Beta-Elimination

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Sample Questions

Q1) What is the major product formed upon treatment of (R) 2-bromohexane with sodium cyanide?

A)(R) 2-cyanohexane

B)(S) 2-cyanohexane

C)1-hexene

D)2-hexene

Q2) Which of the following alkyl halides undergoes the fastest S<sub>N</sub>2 reaction with sodium cyanide, NaCN?

A)methyl iodide

B)ethyl iodide

C)2-iodopropane

D)tert-butyl iodide

Q3) Which of the following anions is the best leaving group in an S<sub>N</sub>1 reaction?

A)F<sup>-</sup>

B)HO<sup>-</sup>

C)NH<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>

D)Cl<sup>-</sup>

Q4) Compound C is formed by an _____ mechanism.

Q5) The nucleophile is these reactions is________.

Page 11

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Chapter 10: Alcohols

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Sample Questions

Q1) Provide the complete IUPAC name for the starting material in this reaction.

Q2) What is the major organic product obtained upon heating a mixture of 2-butanol and 85% H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>?

A)1-butene

B)cis-2-butene

C)trans-2-butene

D)2-methylpropene (isobutylene)

Q3) Which of the following has the highest boiling point?

A)pentane

B)methyl propyl ether

C)diethyl ether

D)1-butanol

Q4) (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>COH would react faster than (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CHCH<sub>2</sub>OH under S<sub>N</sub>1 conditions.

A)True

B)False

Q5) If the K<sub>a</sub> of isopropyl alcohol is 1.0 * 10<sup>-17</sup>, the pK<sub>a</sub> of isopropyl alcohol______.

Q6) _______Oxidation of a primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid.

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Chapter 11: Ethers, Epoxides, and Sulfides

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Sample Questions

Q1) A crown ether named 18-crown-6 has a total of carbons and oxygens .

Q2) What are the major products obtained upon treatment of anisole, PhOCH<sub>3</sub>, with excess HBr?

A)phenol and methanol

B)bromobenzene and bromomethane

C)phenol and bromomethane

D)bromobenzene and methanol

Q3) The reaction shown here is an example of a ______________ ________synthesis

Q4) What type of reactive intermediate is formed in the reaction of tert-butyl methyl ether with HBr to give tert-butyl bromide?

A)tert-butyl anion

B)tert-butoxide

C)tert-butyl radical

D)tert-butyl cation

Q5) Which of the following reactions provides anisole (PhOCH<sub>3</sub>) in a high yield?

A)phenol + sodium methoxide

B)bromobenzene + bromomethane

C)sodium phenoxide (PhONa) + bromomethane

D)bromobenzene + sodium methoxide

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Chapter 12: Infrared Spectroscopy

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Sample Questions

Q1) _____ C-C, C-O, C-N, and C-X single-bond vibrations.

A)4000 to 2500 cm<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>

B)2500 to 2000 cm<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>

C)2000 to 1500 cm<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>

D)below 1500 cm<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>

Q2) The vertical axis on an IR spectrum represents the percent transmission and the horizontal axis measures frequency (wavenumber).

A)True

B)False

Q3) Which of the following bonds gives rise to a medium strength absorbance at approximately 1600-1680 cm<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> in the infrared spectrum?

A)C-H

B)C-C

C)C=C

D)C\(\equiv\)C

Q4) Provide the structure of three compounds with the molecular formula C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O that give an absorption peak at 1600-1640 cm<sup>-1</sup> in the infrared spectrum, but no significant peaks at 3000-3600 cm<sup>-1</sup> or at 1650-1750 cm<sup>-1</sup>.

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Chapter 13: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following is not true regarding <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy?

A)a "downfield" peak appears at a lower value of \(\delta\)

B)on a 300 MHz instrument, a proton that adsorbs irradiation at a frequency 900 Hz higher than the adsorption of TMS appears at \(\delta\) 3 ppm.

C)"\(\delta\) for a particular proton is independent of the magnetic field strength of the instrument used."

D)"deshielding" leads to peaks at higher values of \(\delta\)

Q2) ______ 1

Q3) When looking at a NMR spectrum the right-hand part of the chart is the _____.

A)TMS

B)high-field or upfield side

C)MHz

D)delta (\(\delta\))

E)low-field or downfield side

F)chemical shift

G)intensity

Q4) _____The number of signals in the hydrogen-decoupled <sup>13</sup>C NMR of this compound.

Q5) ______ 1

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Chapter 14: Mass Spectrometry

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Q1) Which of the following is the definition of the base peak of a mass spectrum?

A)the peak corresponding to the most abundant ion

B)the peak corresponding to the ion with lowest m/e

C)the peak corresponding to the molecular ion peak

D)the peak corresponding to the ion arising to loss of a proton from the molecular ion

Q2) Which of the following gives rise to a prominent peak in the mass spectrum with m/z of 41?

A)1-hexene

B)2-hexyne

C)3-hexanol

D)2-chlorohexane

Q3) Which of the following gives rise to a prominent peak in the mass spectrum with m/z of 91?

A)1-octene

B)1-hexanamine,

CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH< sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>

C)benzene

D)ethylbenzene

Q4) The peak at a m/z of _____ represents M<sup>+</sup>.

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Chapter 15: An Introduction to Organometallic Compounds

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Q1) Which of the following compounds is the strongest base?

A)NaOH

B)NH<sub>3</sub>

C)CH<sub>3</sub>Li

D)CH<sub>3</sub>OH

Q2) Substance A is termed a ___________reagent.

Q3) In the formation of the ether soluble complex in a Grignard reaction, magnesium acts as a Lewis base and the ether as a Lewis acid.

A)True

B)False

Q4) The name of the product of the reaction of 2-chlorobutane with 1.) Li, 2.) CuI, 3.) 1-bromobutane would be _______________________.

Q5) Which of the following is the best choice of solvent for the formation of phenylmagnesium bromide by the reaction of bromobenzene with magnesium?

A)water

B)methanol

C)diethyl ether

D)acetic acid

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Chapter 16: Aldehydes and Ketones

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Q1) The catalyst in this reaction is _____.

A)A

B)B

C)C

D)D

Q2) Which of the following statements is not true?

A)The carbon atom of a carbonyl group is electrophilic

B)In general, aldehydes are more electrophilic than ketones

C)Nucleophilic addition to carbonyl groups can be catalyzed by acid or base

D)Addition of a nucleophile to a carbonyl group changes the hybridization of the carbonyl carbon from sp<sup>3</sup> to sp<sup>2</sup> hybridization

Q3) Which of the following is a reactive intermediate in the reaction of acetone with bromine in acetic acid to form 1-bromo-2-propanone?

A)carbanion

B)enol

C)enolate

D)radical

Q4) The first step in the reaction mechanism is the protonation of the ________group.

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Page 18

Chapter 17: Carboxylic Acids

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Sample Questions

Q1) Benzoic acid can be produced by the treatment of bromobenzene with 1. Mg, ether, and 2.) CO<sub>2</sub> followed by acidification.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing acid strength (more acidic > less acidic)?

A)FCH<sub>2</sub>COOH > CH<sub>3</sub>COOH > F<sub>2</sub>CHCOOH

B)FCH<sub>2</sub>COOH > CH<sub>3</sub>COOH > CH<sub>3</sub>OH

C)CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH > ClCH<sub>2</sub>COOH > BrCH<sub>2</sub>COOH

D)CH<sub>3</sub>COOH > ClCH<sub>2</sub>COOH > CH<sub>3</sub>OH

Q3) Which of the following has the highest boiling point?

A)hexane

B)1-pentanol

C)pentanal

D)butanoic acid

Q4) The 2-hydroxybenzoic acid will be recovered from the _______ layer.

Q5) In order to recover the 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, a strong ______ must be added to the appropriate layer.

Q6) The benzyl alcohol will be recovered from the _______ layer.

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Chapter 18: Functional Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids

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Q1) An anhydride is represented by the structure numbered ____.

Q2) Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing leaving group ability in nucleophilic acyl substitutions (better leaving group > worse leaving group)?

A)Cl<sup>-</sup> > CH<sub>3</sub>COO<sup>-</sup> > CH<sub>3</sub>O<sup>-</sup>

B)CH<sub>3</sub>COO<sup>-</sup> > CH<sub>3</sub>O<sup>-</sup> > Cl<sup>-</sup>

C)Cl<sup>-</sup> > CH<sub>3</sub>O<sup>-</sup> > CH<sub>3</sub>COO<sup>-</sup>

D)CH<sub>3</sub>O<sup>-</sup> > Cl<sup>-</sup> > CH<sub>3</sub>COO<sup>-</sup>

Q3) Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing reactivity in hydrolysis reactions (more reactive > less reactive)?

A)anhydrides > amides > acid chlorides

B)amides > acid chlorides > anhydrides

C)anhydrides > acid chlorides > amides

D)acid chlorides > anhydrides > amides

Q4) The substance that is the most reactive toward nucleophilic acyl substitution is _____.

Q5) Both amides and nitriles are acyl derivatives of carboxylic acids.

A)True

B)False

Q6) The substance that is classified as an anhydride is _____. Page 20

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Page 21

Chapter 19: Enolate Anions and Enamines

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Q1) A Claisen condensation could be considered to the an ester analog of an aldol condensation.

A)True

B)False

Q2) A 1,6-diester will produce a five-membered ring via a Dieckmann cyclization.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Using the acetoacetic ester synthesis, to produce 5-methyl-2-heptanone, the alkyl halide that should be used is 1-bromo-2-methylbutane.

A)True

B)False

Q4) How many different \(\beta\)-hydroxyaldehydes and \(\beta\)-hydroxyketones, including constitutional isomers and stereoisomers, are formed upon treatment of a mixture of acetone and benzaldehyde with base?

A)1

B)2

C)3

D)4

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Chapter 20: Dienes, Conjugated Systems, and Pericyclic Reactions

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Q1) Draw two resonance structures of the reactive intermediate that accounts for the formation of 1,2- and 1,4-addition products upon reaction of 1,3-butadiene with one equivalent of HBr.

Q2) The diene in the reaction is ____.

A)A

B)B

C)C

Q3) Which of the following electronic transitions is apparent in the ultraviolet-visible spectrum of 1,3-butadiene?

A)"n \(\rarr\) \(\pi\)*"

B)"\(\pi\) \(\rarr\) \(\pi\) *"

C)" \(\sigma\)\(\rarr\) \(\pi\) *"

D)" \(\sigma\) \(\rarr\) \(\pi\)"

Q4) What quantity is abbreviated as \(\varepsilon\) in ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy?

A)absorbance

B)molecular absorptivity

C)intensity of transmitted light

D)wavelength of maximum absorbance

Page 23

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Chapter 21: Benzene and the Concept of Aromaticity

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Q1) What is the hybridization of the oxygen atom of furan?

A)s

B)sp

C)sp<sup>2</sup>

D)sp<sup>3</sup>

Q2) Which orbital contains the lone pair on the nitrogen atom of pyridine?

A)s

B)p

C)sp

D)sp<sup>2</sup>

Q3) Which of the following statements is not true about the structure of benzene?

A)six atomic 2p-orbitals overlap to form six \(\pi\)-molecular orbitals

B)there are three bonding \(\pi\)-molecular orbitals and three \(\pi\)-antibonding molecular orbitals

C)the ground state electronic configuration of benzene has six electrons in three \(\pi\)-bonding molecular orbitals

D)the bonds alternate in length around the ring

Q4) According the Hückel criteria this anion would be classified as ______________.

Q5) This structure contains ____ \(\pi\) electrons.

Q6) This anion has______ \(\pi\) electrons.

Page 24

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Chapter 22: Reactions of Benzene and Its Derivatives

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Q1) What is the role of AlCl<sub>3</sub> in Friedel Crafts acylations using acid chlorides?

A)Lewis acid

B)electrophile

C)base

D)nucleophile

Q2) What is the electrophile in the reaction of benzene with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid?

A)HONO

B)NO<sup>+</sup>

C)NO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>

D)benzene

Q3) Which of the following reactions or reaction sequences will not give isopropylbenzene as the major product?

A)treatment of benzene with isopropyl alcohol and HF

B)treatment of benzene with 1-chloropropane and AlCl<sub>3</sub>

C)treatment of benzene with propanoyl chloride and AlCl<sub>3</sub>; followed by reaction with Zn(Hg) and HCl

D)treatment of benzene with 1-propene and HF

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Page 25

Chapter 23: Amines

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Q1) Provide a brief explanation, based on features of the molecules, for the following difference in pK<sub>a</sub> values?

CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>2</sub> > PhNH<sub>2</sub>

10.64 4.63

Q2) The name of the product formed by reacting CuCl and HCl with benzenediazonium chloride is ________________________.

Q3) Which of the following is the strongest base?

A)ammonia

B)dimethylamine

C)aniline

D)4-nitroaniline

Q4) Which of the following is the strongest base?

A)phenol

B)aniline

C)methylamine

D)4-nitroaniline

Q5) The ammonia ion of substance ____ will have the largest pK<sub>a</sub>.

Q6) The ammonia ion of substance ____ will have the smallest pK<sub>a</sub>.

Q7) Provide a line-bond structure of N,N-dimethylcyclopentanamine.

Q8) Provide a line-bond structure of N-methylaniline.

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Chapter 24: Catalytic Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation

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Q1) Which of the following terms describes the mechanism of a Diels-Alder reaction?

A)electrophilic addition

B)nucleophilic addition

C)pericyclic addition

D)conjugate addition

Q2) ______involves an interchange of alkenyl groups.

A)Heck reaction

B)Stille coupling

C)Suzuki coupling

D)Sonogashira coupling

E)Alkene metathesis

Q3) ______involves the use of stannates.

A)Heck reaction

B)Stille coupling

C)Suzuki coupling

D)Sonogashira coupling

E)Alkene metathesis

Q4) In an alkene metathesis reaction where both alkenyl groups are in the same molecule, the product formed is a _______________.

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Chapter 25: Carbohydrates

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Q1) The anomer of ribose is drawn is _______. (alpha or beta)

Q2) Structure ____ represents a aldopentose.

Q3) The fundamental difference between the monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide classifications of carbohydrates is the number of _________________present.

Q4) Which of the following is a disaccharide?

A)glucose

B)fructose

C)sucrose

D)mannitol

Q5) The correct name for the cyclic structure is__________________________.

Q6) The number of hydroxyl groups in the pyranose form of glucose is _____.

Q7) Which of the following is not a polysaccharide?

A)amylose

B)amylopectin

C)glycogen

D)ribulose

Q8) Structure ____ represents a ketohexose.

Q9) The enantiomer of ribose is drawn is _______. (D or L)

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Chapter 26: Lipids

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following is not an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol?

A)acetyl coenzyme A

B)isopentenyl pyrophosphate

C)squalene

D)arachidonic acid

Q2) Provide the general structure of a triglyceride.

Q3) Which of the following is not found in a fluid mosaic lipid bilayer?

A)phospholipid

B)cholesterol

C)protein

D)nucleic acid

Q4) Compounds that are obtained from the saponification of triglycerides are glycerol and fatty acid salts.

A)True

B)False

Q5) Female sex hormones like estrone are called _____________.

Q6) Lipids are substances that are in water and in nonpolar organic solvents. Enter the answers separated by a comma.

Q7) Male sex hormones like testosterone are called _____________.

29

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Chapter 27: Amino Acids and Proteins

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following amino acids has a basic side chain?

A)lysine

B)serine

C)leucine

D)tyrosine

Q2) Provide the structure of dicylcohexylcarbodiimide, a common reagent that is used to couple two amino acid residues by formation of a peptide bond, and the structure N,N'-dicyclohexylurea, the byproduct of this reaction.

Q3) Provide the structure of Ser-Phe-Asp.

Q4) Disulfide bonds form between the thiol side chains of cysteine. What is the best term to describe the reaction of two thiols to give a disulfide bond?

Q5) Which of the following reagents can be used to cleave a benzyloxycarbonyl protecting group from a peptide?

A)HBr, CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H

B)conc. NaOH

C)heat

D)NaCl, H<sub>2</sub>O

Q6) Provide the structure of Ser-Ala.

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Chapter 28: Nucleic Acids

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Q1) What sequence is fully complementary to the following sequence? 5'-ATCTAGTCA-3'

A)5'-TAGATCAGT-3'

B)5'-TGACTAGAT-3'

C)5'-ATCTAGTCA-3

D)5'-ACTGATCTA-3'

Q2) If ranked for largest to smallest, the correct order of DNA, mRNA, and tRNA would be DNA > mRNA > tRNA.

A)True

B)False

Q3) The G-C base pair is the weaker than the A-T base pair as it has two hydrogen bonds whereas the A-T base pair has three.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Provide the structure of a T-A base pair, showing hydrogen bonds as dotted lines.

Q5) What is the approximate distance between stacked bases in a double helix of DNA?

A)340 pm

B)800 pm

C)2000 pm

D)3400 pm

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Chapter 29: Organic Polymer Chemistry

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Q1) High degrees of crystallinity are associated with polymers with weak intermolecular forces.

A)True B)False

Q2) Ziegler-Natta catalysts, used to prepare linear polymer molecules, consist of: organoaluminum compounds and transition metal salts.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Provide the mechanism for backbiting of a radical chain end of polyethylene, which results in a butyl side chain on the polymer backbone.

Q4) This polymer would be classified as a poly______.

Q5) What type of intermediate is formed in the polymerization of styrene with AIBN?

A)carbocation

B)carbanion

C)radical

D)organometallic complex

Q6) Provide the structure of poly(methyl methacrylate).

Q7) Provide the structure of polystyrene.

Q8) Provide the structure of poly(ethylene succinate).

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