Behavioural Science
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Behavioural Science is the systematic study of human and animal behaviour, focusing on understanding how individuals think, feel, and act within various social, cultural, and environmental contexts. This course explores key psychological, cognitive, and social theories that explain motivation, decision-making, learning, group dynamics, and habit formation. Through an examination of classical and contemporary research, students will gain insights into the factors shaping behaviour, the role of bias and heuristics, and the application of behavioural principles to real-world challenges such as health, policy, and organizational management. The course combines theoretical foundations with practical case studies and experiments, equipping students with analytical skills to assess and influence behaviour in diverse settings.
Recommended Textbook
Psychological Science 3rd Canadian Edition by Michael Gazzaniga
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16 Chapters
2522 Verified Questions
2522 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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94 Verified Questions
94 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Human Genome Project refers to:
A) the project attempting to map the basic human genetic code
B) the project attempting to alter the basic human genetic code
C) the project attempting to alter behaviour using humanistic approaches
D) the project investigating the role of the environment in behaviour
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is most closely associated with the cognitive revolution?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) B.F. Skinner
C) George A. Miller
D) William James
Answer: C
Q3) The area of science which focuses on studying the working brain is called:
A) psychological science
B) biological science
C) psychobiological science
D) neuroscience
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Research Methodology
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be best researched using a longitudinal study?
A) the change in children's concepts of sharing from infancy through adolescence
B) the difference between children and adults in their responses to a natural disaster
C) the frequency with which people think about sources of stress in their lives over the course of a single day
D) the rates of hospitalization of psychiatric patients over the course of the last century
Answer: A
Q2) An extensive study of a single person or a few people is characteristic of:
A) self-report research
B) case studies
C) the scientific method
D) psychophysiological assessment
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations
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172 Verified Questions
172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT correct?
A) The frontal lobe plays a significant role in thinking and movement.
B) The occipital lobe plays a significant role in vision.
C) The parietal lobe plays a significant role in touch.
D) The temporal lobe plays a significant role in integration of movement and sight.
Answer: D
Q2) According to the study conducted by Avshalom Caspi, boys who had been mistreated and showed the low-MAO gene were:
A) least likely to commit a crime
B) responsible for more than half the crimes committed by the group
C) no more likely to commit a crime than the boys without the low-MAO gene but who had been mistreated
D) no more likely to commit a crime than boys with low-MAO genes who were not mistreated
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: The Mind and Consciousness
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The left hemisphere interpreter can actually make life more difficult for us at times. This is because it:
A) can easily be influenced by optical illusions
B) looks for patterns that do not always exist
C) is only useful for people who are "left brain" logical types
D) can lead to false memories
Q2) Which of the following disorders may be helped by sleep deprivation?
A) chronic insomnia
B) depression
C) hypertension
D) ADHD
Q3) According to research on the cognitive effects of meditation, which of the following is NOT correct?
A) Meditation may improve attention and reduce stress.
B) Long-term practicing of meditation may result in structural brain changes.
C) Meditation may delay age-related cognitive declines.
D) Meditation is identical to hypnosis.
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the cells that analyzes neural impulses and transmits them to the ganglion cells?
A) amacrine
B) vertical
C) bipolar
D) horizontal
Q2) When Vincente picks up Tillie for their date he notices that her perfume smells wonderful, but that she is wearing too much of it. The information that the perfume smells good is processed in Vincente's ____________; the information that Tillie is wearing too much perfume is processed in Vincente's ____________.
A) prefrontal cortex; amygdala
B) amygdala; prefrontal cortex
C) olfactory epithelium; thalamus
D) thalamus; epithelium
Q3) Reversible figures occur because:
A) Gestalt laws do not apply to them
B) the figures contain internally contradictory cues
C) there is not enough information to segment figure and ground clearly
D) different cognitive interpretations are given the sensory information
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Learning
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157 Verified Questions
157 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the name commonly applied to the type of learning that Skinner studied?
A) classical conditioning
B) operant conditioning
C) antecedent learning
D) optional learning
Q2) What is an unconditioned response?
A) a learned pairing between two stimuli
B) a nervous system reflex
C) an unlearned, automatic behaviour to a stimulus
D) something that elicits an automatic behaviour
Q3) When an animal hears a new sound or sees a novel object in the distance, its first reaction will be:
A) an orienting response
B) a fight or flight response
C) a defensive reaction
D) an appetitive reaction
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Chapter 7: Attention and Memory
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The best way to learn another language is to live in the country where it is spoken for at least a year. From the perspective of human memory, one reason for this might be that the language is:
A) learned through massed practice
B) learned through spaced practice
C) used enough to become overlearned
D) used enough to become automatic
Q2) Which memory system has both a large capacity and a short duration?
A) short-term memory
B) sensory memory
C) working memory
D) long-term memory
Q3) Change blindness seems ____________ because it ____________ information.
A) adaptive; focuses on important
B) adaptive; limits confusing
C) maladaptive; reduces the amount of
D) maladaptive; misses critical
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9
Chapter 8: Thinking and Intelligence
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188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For which of the following things would it be difficult to form an analogical representation?
A) an ice cream cone
B) the White House
C) the moon
D) a whale
Q2) The concept of emotional intelligence has been criticized for considering a set of skills to be a form of intelligence. Which other theory of intelligence has been criticized for the same reason?
A) Gardner's
B) Sternberg's
C) Binet's
D) Spearman's
Q3) The availability heuristic can cause people to incorrectly assess the probabilities of various events because:
A) the most available event is not always the most frequent
B) the most likely event is not always the most frequent
C) it is too difficult to compute joint probabilities of events
D) it is too difficult to distinguish between probabilities and likelihoods
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
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166 Verified Questions
166 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Paloma's parents spent a great deal of time with her when she was growing up; they always made her feel loved and valued. Erhard's parents loved him, but they were always busy and distant. As an adult, who is likely to experience more guilt, and why?
A) Erhard because he never feels sufficiently secure
B) Paloma because she has developed the ability to empathize
C) Erhard because he never feels valued or of importance
D) Paloma because she feels obligated to repay her parents
Q2) The amygdala will be activated by a neutral facial expression only in someone who is chronically anxious. One plausible explanation for this finding might be that:
A) chronic anxiety makes the amygdala overly responsive
B) chronically anxious people have a generic fear of other people
C) chronically anxious people convert neutral cues to cues for danger
D) chronic anxiety bypasses the more deliberative path to the amygdala
Q3) A major criticism of the James-Lange theory is that:
A) emotions occur faster than interpretations can be made
B) the emotion has to exist to produce the physiological reaction
C) physiological reactions to emotions are not specific enough
D) b and c
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Chapter 10: Health and Well-Being
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156 Verified Questions
156 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Positive reappraisal involves consciously changing one's:
A) behaviours
B) emotional expressions
C) beliefs about events
D) personality
Q2) Restrained eaters eat according to:
A) internal hunger cues
B) what they perceive others want them to eat
C) rigid rules
D) relatively random patterns
Q3) Brenda has used a primary appraisal, but not a secondary appraisal, in her analysis of an event. Because she has not used secondary appraisal, we can guess that the event was:
A) related to Brenda's self-identity
B) followed by a physiological response
C) non-threatening
D) highly emotional
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Chapter 11: Human Development
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178 Verified Questions
178 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During preschool and early grade school, children are most likely to:
A) be able to label their ethnic or racial group, but not express the societal attributes attached to their ethnic or racial group
B) both label their ethnic or racial group and express the societal attributes attached to their ethnic or racial group
C) reject the values of their ethnic or racial group
D) form a strong attachment to their ethnic or racial group values
Q2) According to the biocultural systems theory, the cultural values and norms of a particular culture or society, for example European cultural values, are part of the:
A) microsystem
B) macrosystem
C) chronosystem
D) medialsystem
Q3) Which of the following is NOT one of Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning?
A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) concrete operational
D) postconventional
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13
Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Larry came to university absolutely believing that it was wrong to ever drink alcohol. After a while, he starts to drink very moderately at parties even though doing so makes him anxious. What would dissonance theory suggest that Larry will do and why?
A) decide drinking is wrong but he needs to drink in university
B) start drinking more because of his anxiety
C) stop drinking again to resolve his anxiety
D) decide moderate drinking is not really a problem
Q2) Weiner's theory argues that in addition to being either personal or situational, attitudes can vary on which dimensions?
A) stable/unstable and controllable/uncontrollable
B) positive/negative
C) controllable/uncontrollable
D) positive/negative and stable/unstable
Q3) The main reason that people make just world attributions is that they:
A) increase their self-esteem
B) make them feel safer
C) let them avoid their own errors
D) ease their conscience
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Chapter 13: Personality
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190 Verified Questions
190 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dara recently was in a car accident and her doctor told her she may have mild frontal lobe damage. How will frontal lobe damage likely impact Dara?
A) She will not experience fear.
B) She will be less self-aware.
C) She will experience a visual impairment.
D) Her left and right hemispheres will not be able to communicate.
Q2) Temperamental differences in humans are primarily a function of:
A) exposure to different early environments
B) different parenting styles
C) underlying differences in biological processes
D) gender differences
Q3) When Pearl was a university student she worried constantly about many things, like dating, friendships, and her achievement in school. Now that she is older, she worries about things like her health, her family's health, and the state of world affairs. This change in the focus of her worrying is called a:
A) personality trait shift
B) peripheral adaptation
C) characteristic adaptation
D) five-factor deviation
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your textbook describes the case of Tony Rosato, a former SCTV and Saturday Night Live star who had a disorder called Capgras syndrome. People with Capgras syndrome may:
A) think that a loved one is actually a robot or an actor impersonating the real person
B) not be able to recognize the face of a loved one
C) mistake strangers for loved ones
D) think that loved ones look entirely different and often unrecognizable
Q2) Dr. Leung gives all of her patients a short, valid, and reliable questionnaire wherein they answer a number of questions about sleeping and eating habits, daily activities, and emotional states. Based on this information, Dr. Leung assesses depressive symptoms in each patient. Dr. Leung is making use of:
A) psychological testing
B) neuropsychological testing
C) a projective model
D) a mental status exam
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16
Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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209 Verified Questions
209 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lee-Joon is in a research study in which researchers compare brain changes in people receiving different types of treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Lee-Joon recently completed cognitive behavioural therapy and now will have his brain scanned.
Compared to people receiving other kinds of therapy, Lee-Joon's brain:
A) will show little change, because cognitive-behavioural therapy is not a biological treatment
B) will show the same brain changes as people receiving drug therapy
C) will show increased brain changes but not in the same areas as people receiving drug therapy
D) will show changes in brain function, whereas those receiving drug therapy will not
Q2) A person you meet at a party has a degree in counselling psychology. Your best guess is that she:
A) does talk therapy with mentally ill persons
B) works in a hospital for the mentally ill
C) counsels people with adjustment and stress problems
D) She could be doing all of the above.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Cultural Psychology
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dhat syndrome is
A) transmitted by a virus
B) a culture-bound disorder
C) common in East Asia
D) a personality disorder
Q2) According to your textbook, for which level(s) of Kohlberg's model of moral reasoning has evidence been found in all cultures?
A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) postconventional
D) a and b
Q3) There is far less evidence for people meeting the clinical criteria of social phobia in ____________ than in ____________.
A) the West; East Asia
B) East Asia; the West
C) collectivistic cultures; individualistic cultures
D) Canada; the United States
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