Behavioral Science
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Behavioral Science explores the systematic study of human actions, interactions, and decision-making processes within various social, cultural, and psychological contexts. Through an interdisciplinary approach, this course examines the fundamental theories, research methods, and applications from fields such as psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Students analyze how individual and group behaviors are influenced by factors like motivation, perception, learning, social norms, and communication. By integrating both qualitative and quantitative perspectives, the course enables learners to understand, predict, and potentially modify behavior in real-world settings, including organizations, communities, and public health initiatives.
Recommended Textbook
Psychological Science Modeling Scientific Literacy 1st Edition by Mark Krause
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Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science
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Q1) According to your authors,the discipline of psychology is best thought of as
A)a field of self-help principles to eliminate mental problems.
B)a mixture of anecdotes and personal intuition about human behavior and mental processes.
C)a process for encouraging people to reach their ultimate potential.
D)the scientific study of behavior,thought,and experience.
Answer: D
Q2) Caroline is interested in determining how squirrels find the caches of nuts they buried several months earlier.She watches the squirrels in a park and notices that they tend to bury food near landmarks,such as trees or benches.She predicts that moving these landmarks after the squirrels have buried their food will prevent them from finding it later on,and designs an experiment to test her prediction.Caroline's approach is an example of A)pseudoscience.
B)the scientific method.
C)the psychoanalytic model.
D)the biopsychological model.
Answer: B
Q3) In order to be scientific,it must be possible to _________________ a hypotheses. Answer: test (falsify and reject are also acceptable answers)
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Chapter 2: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Louis is participating in a survey on undergraduate drug use.When the interviewer asks Louis whether he has used illegal drugs in the last 6 months,he lies and says 'no' because he doesn't want the interviewer to have a poor opinion of him.Louis's response is an example of ________________.
A)socially desirable responding
B)sampling bias
C)peer review
D)an appeal to authority
Answer: A
Q2) Dr.Stanhope is trying to determine which type of correlation is represented on his scatterplot,in which nearly all of his data are clustered along a diagonal line running from higher numbers on the left down to lower numbers on the right.Which type of correlation is represented by this pattern?
A)positive
B)zero
C)negative
D)we need more information to draw a conclusion
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The brain is divided into several different structures on the bottom part of the brain referred to as the "hindbrain." Which of the parts of the brain listed below is located in the hindbrain?
A)amygdala
B)occipital lobe
C)cerebellum
D)thalamus
Answer: C
Q2) The structure in the hindbrain that controls certain reflexes and coordinates the body's movements is the __________.
A)medulla
B)cerebellum
C)pons
D)reticular formation
Answer: B
Q3) The autonomic nervous system controls skeletal muscles.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) How blurry-looking an object appears and linear perspective are cues associated with _______ depth perception.
A)binocular disparity
B)kinesthetic
C)monocular
D)binocular
Q2) People with normal vision will perceive a pyramid whether they see the object from the side,top,or any other angle as long as the object is,in fact,a pyramid.This is an example of ________________.
A)shape constancy
B)size constancy
C)figure-ground
D)visual angle
Q3) Sensation is _______.
A)the organization of stimuli to create meaningful patterns
B)the stimulation of the senses
C)the presence of sensory cell activity in the absence of external stimulation
D)the result of activity in the efferent nervous system
Q4) Another name for the condition known as face blindness is _________________.
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Chapter 5: Consciousness
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Q1) Which explanation of why we sleep would predict that long-term sleep deprivation would cause cognitive declines and physical problems,such as an impaired immune system?
A)preserve and protect
B)activation-synthesis
C)restore and repair
D)problem-solving
Q2) A fairly recent approach to understanding hypnosis,the __________________theory,explains hypnosis by emphasizing the degree to which beliefs and expectations contribute to increased suggestibility.
A)cognitive-perceptual
B)dissociation
C)hidden observer
D)social-cognitive
Q3) REM behavior disorder results from
A)too much sleep.
B)not enough sleep.
C)the body not experiencing the typical restriction of movement during REM sleep.
D)deterioration of the medial hypothalamus.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shaleigh developed a conditioned taste aversion to spearmint gum by chewing it when she had the stomach flu.Later she realized that the experience also gave her a taste aversion to peppermint gum.This is an example of discrimination.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Researchers use the term desirable difficulty to refer to:
A)situations that make acquiring new knowledge more challenging,but help long-term learning.
B)events that allow students to "blow off steam" and improve short-term performance.
C)obstacles that distract from studying and decrease long-term learning.
D)situations that students say improve the effectiveness of their studying,but which really impairs it.
Q3) _____ is the replication of a motor behavior or expression,often to accomplish a specific goal.
A)Observational learning
B)Latent learning
C)Imitation
D)Cognitive mapping
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) An explanation for the widespread storage of memories is that ____________.
A)the hippocampus is one of the most easily damaged areas of the brain
B)several different senses may be involved in memory
C)some specific parts of the brain are necessary for the formation of memory
D)the memory center is located in the parietal lobes of both cerebral hemispheres
Q2) Which of the following is an example of semantic memory?
A)events
B)concepts
C)time
D)place
Q3) Ebbinghaus found that information is forgotten
A)more rapidly as time goes by.
B)gradually at first,then with increasing speed.
C)quickly at first,then tapers off gradually.
D)most quickly one day after learning.
Q4) Context-dependent,state-dependent,and mood-dependent learning effects are all examples of the _________________ principle.
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Chapter 8: Thought and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) A group of interrelated concepts is a called a ____________.
A)category
B)superconcept
C)mental set
D)prototype
Q2) In technical terms,the techniques individuals use to reach to solve problems are referred to as ______________.
Q3) Why do psychologists assert that heuristics are beneficial for problem solving?
A)Heuristics increase the amount of time we spend arriving at good solutions to problems.
B)Heuristics decrease our chances of errors dramatically.
C)Heuristics help us make decisions efficiently.
D)Heuristics are considered the most logical thought pattern for problem solving.
Q4) Inuit Eskimos have hundreds of words for different types of snow.
A)True
B)False
Q5) One of the most important parts of a language is its _____________,which provides the rules that allow words to be combined into almost infinite combinations to create entirely new meanings.
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Chapter 9: Intelligence, aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities
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Q1) _______________ tests are designed to measure knowledge in a certain are a.In contrast,_____________ tests are designed to measure an individual's potential to perform well on a specific range of tasks.
A)IQ; psychometric
B)Psychometric; IQ
C)Aptitude; achievement
D)Achievement; aptitude
Q2) Plomin and Spinath describe behavioral genetics as a three-layered approach,which can be referred to as
A)genetics,genes,and genome.
B)brain,body,and mind.
C)translation,transcription,and expression.
D)cell,organ,organism.
Q3) According to your textbook,a key factor in why growing up in a low-income family is associated with lower IQs is likely A)stress.
B)genetics.
C)a lack of interest in learning.
D)season of birth.
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Chapter 10: Life Span Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Miss Johnson gave Mark and Tia equal sized lumps of clay.Tia immediately rolled hers into a long shape.Mark cried and complained that Tia had received more clay.Mark's behavior represents:
A)an inability to accommodate.
B)an inability to conserve.
C)difficulty with formal operational tasks.
D)an inability to assimilate.
Q2) While the chance of survival for infants born at 25 weeks is about 50%,the probability for survival is 95% by ________ weeks of gestation.
A)26
B)30
C)37
D)40
Q3) Adolescents who are categorized as having __________________ may be viewed as popular by other adolescents,but are not necessarily well liked.
A)perceived popularity
B)sociometric popularity
C)identity foreclosure
D)low status
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) For years,Jenna ate one toaster pastry for breakfast.Then the company changed their packaging so that the toaster pastries were wrapped in sets of two.Ever since this change occurred,Jenna has had two pastries for breakfast.This is an example of
A)social facilitation.
B)modeling.
C)impression management.
D)the unit bias.
Q2) The authors of your textbook argue that so many couples praise parenthood because
A)it increases material satisfaction.
B)it increases happiness.
C)it makes them feel useful.
D)it fulfills the need to belong.
Q3) A need that energizes and directs behavior towards some goal is known as a
A)cue
B)behavior
C)motive
D)stimulus
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) The theory that our personalities consist of a stable set of traits is very useful to psychologists,but there are some notable problems with trait theories.Which of the following is not a problem?
A)Trait theories typically rely on self-reported behaviors,rather than actual observed behaviors.
B)Situational factors,in addition to personality traits,also determine our behavior.
C)Factor analysis is not considered a valid technique in the study of personality.
D)Historically,psychologists have not agreed on the traits that make up someone's personality.
Q2) According to Freud,the _______ makes up the largest part of our personality. A)preconscious
B)conscious
C)unconscious
D)These three areas contribute equally to personality.
Q3) When using the ___________________ technique,a psychologist will create a personality profile by observing an individual in a specific context or situation.
Q4) Freud believed the id was fueled by an energy called _____________.
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Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The initial treatment of choice for schizophrenia is probably _______.
A)psychotherapy
B)chemotherapy
C)prefrontal lobotomy
D)electroconvulsive therapy
Q2) Some psychologists believe that histrionic personality disorder occurs when an individual engages in attention seeking to avoid the negative feelings they associate with being unnoticed.This is an example of a ___________ explanation for personality disorders.
A)biological
B)psychological
C)sociocultural
D)comorbid
Q3) False sensory perceptions that often take the form of hearing voices are called
A)hallucinations
B)obsessions
C)delusions
D)compulsions
Q4) Why do many researchers consider schizophrenia a brain disorder?
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Chapter 14: Therapies
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Q1) In the 1950s Terence had a procedure done to him where the doctor used an instrument to cut the nerve fibers connecting his prefrontal cortex to the rest of the brain.This procedure,called _____________,left him withdrawn and unable to care for himself.
A)ECT
B)deep brain surgery
C)a lobotomy
D)transcranial stimulation
Q2) Tardive dyskinesia is:
A)a side effect of antipsychotics that involves motion control problems.
B)an antidepressant that breaks down enzymes in the synapse.
C)the growth of new neurons in the adult brain.
D)a side effect of antidepressant drugs.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?
A)ECT can be an effective treatment for severe cases of depression.
B)ECT is no longer considered a valid or ethical form of treatment.
C)ECT is still performed in the same way it was delivered in the 1930s and 1940s.
D)ECT triggers a controlled stroke.
Q4) Describe four key differences between humanistic therapies and psychoanalysis.
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Chapter 15: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hank is a Minnesota Vikings fan.Although he doesn't realize it,Hank tends to assume other Vikings fans are generally good people.This is an example of
A)the fundamental attribution error.
B)scapegoating.
C)discrimination.
D)ingroup bias.
Q2) The _____________________ occurs when we unconsciously mimic the behaviors and mannerisms of those around us for no apparent reason.
Q3) A relatively stable organization of beliefs,feelings,and behavior tendencies toward something or someone else is a(n)__________.
A)affect
B)cognition
C)archetype
D)attitude
Q4) The fundamental attribution error is especially prevalent in Eastern Asian cultures,such as India and Japan.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Krause and Corts
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Q1) Nutritional research with rats suggests that:
A)when you eat is more important than what you eat.
B)eating a high-fat,nonnutritious diet can lead to poor cognitive performance.
C)caloric restriction improves cognitive performance for short periods.
D)diet has long-term,but not short-term effects on cognition and memory.
Q2) Research discussed in your textbook indicated that television advertisements can have a significant impact on ____________.
A)the choice to smoke
B)snacking
C)stress levels
D)activity level
Q3) High _____ levels and low _____ levels are associated with reduced stress.
A)cortisol; oxytocin
B)epinephrine; oxytocin
C)oxytocin; cortisol
D)cortisol; vasopressin
Q4) The ____________ is the neural and endocrine circuit that causes cortisol levels to increase when it is activated by stress.
Q5) The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is now known to be the cause of
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Chapter 17: Krause and Corts
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Scranton Life Insurance Company gives the NEO-PI to its current sales people.An analysis of the data shows that sales people who score high in extraversion tend to have the greatest number of sales each year.Based on this data,the company can now use the NEO-PI to hire the applicants who are most likely to succeed.This process is an example of A)job analysis.
B)a validation study.
C)cognition-based selection testing.
D)performance appraisal.
Q2) The term affect in psychology refers to a person's A)motivation.
B)cognitive ability.
C)experiences.
D)emotional responses.
Q3) An assessment center is:
A)an office or meeting room that is used for structured interviews.
B)a process of screening potential employees using a variety of tests and simulations.
C)a method of evaluating how well a current employee is performing.
D)a personality test.
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