Course Introduction
Behavioral Neuroscience
Textbook Exam Questions
Behavioral Neuroscience explores the intricate relationship between the brain, the nervous system, and behavior. This course examines how neurobiological processes underlie sensory perception, memory, emotion, learning, motivation, and complex behaviors in humans and animals. Students will study the structure and function of neural circuits, neurotransmitter systems, and the physiological mechanisms that drive both typical and atypical behaviors. The course integrates approaches from biology, psychology, and neuroscience, providing a foundation for understanding how genetic, environmental, and developmental factors influence behavior at the neural level.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Biological Psychology 2nd Edition by Laura Freberg
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introducing Biological Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Santiago Ramón y Cajal is best known for demonstrating that neurons generate electrical signals.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Although phrenology is mostly wrong,what did phrenologists get right about the nervous system?
A) The ventricles play a major role in the transmission of messages in the brain.
B) Sensation and movement have separate pathways.
C) Neurons communicate using electrical signals.
D) Some functions can be localized in the brain.
Answer: D
Q3) The use of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)always reduces the activity of cortical cells located beneath the stimulation site.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System
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Q1) Axons carrying sensory information to the brain may be found in
A) the ventral white matter of the spinal cord.
B) the dorsal white matter of the spinal cord.
C) both the ventral and dorsal white matter of the spinal cord.
D) the lateral white matter of the spinal cord only.
Answer: B
Q2) Degeneration of the basal ganglia is a feature of which of the following conditions?
A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Parkinson's disease
C) schizophrenia
D) autism
Answer: B
Q3) Damage to a mixed nerve is likely to produce impairments in _________ for a part of the body.
A) both sensation and motor control
B) sensation only
C) motor control only
D) neither sensation nor motor control
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Cells of the Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Larger diameter axons usually transmit information _________ smaller diameter axons.
A) faster than B) more slowly than C) at the same rate as D) using less energy than
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following statements correctly describes the influence of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors?
A) Ionotropic receptors influence a small,local area of a cell,whereas metabotropic receptors can have wide-ranging,distant effects on a cell.
B) Metabotropic receptors influence a small,local area of a cell,whereas ionotropic receptors can have wide-ranging,distant effects on a cell.
C) Both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors can have wide-ranging,distant effects on a cell.
D) Both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors influence a small,local area of a cell.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cocaine and amphetamine produce their stimulant actions by serving as _________ agonists.
A) serotonin
B) norepinephrine
C) glutamate
D) dopamine
Q2) Which of the following hallucinogens often results in the user becoming physically violent?
A) phencyclidine (PCP)
B) mescaline
C) LSD
D) psilocybin
Q3) LSD produces its effects by stimulating the release of serotonin.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following substances is not a neuropeptide?
A) oxytocin
B) adenosine
C) vasopressin
D) insulin
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain
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Q1) Which of the following describes the correct order for myelination from start to finish?
A) forebrain,midbrain,hindbrain,spinal cord
B) hindbrain,midbrain,forebrain,spinal cord
C) spinal cord,forebrain,midbrain,hindbrain
D) spinal cord,hindbrain,midbrain,forebrain
Q2) Future interventions designed to slow the aging process may target A) rates of myelination.
B) prenatal apoptosis.
C) telomere shortening.
D) synaptic pruning.
Q3) Experience strengthens existing synapses when
A) pre- and postsynaptic neurons are simultaneously active.
B) activity of the pre- and postsynaptic neurons are not synchronized.
C) activity in the postsynaptic neuron precedes activity in the presynaptic neuron.
D) the pre- and postsynaptic neurons use the same neurotransmitter substances.
Q4) Summarize the major events that occur in synaptogenesis.
Q5) Why does a critical period end?
Q6) What are the possible benefits of adult neurogenesis?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Vision
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following features do not contribute to the protection of the human eye?
A) the bony orbits
B) tears
C) the placement of the eyes toward the front
D) blinking
Q2) The magnocellular pathway projects to the
A) parietal lobe and analyzes movement.
B) parietal lobe and participates in object recognition.
C) temporal lobe and analyzes movement.
D) temporal lobe and participates in object recognition.
Q3) The reduced accommodation to changes in focal distance that accompany typical aging is known as
A) amblyopia.
B) myopia.
C) hyperopia.
D) presbyopia.
Q4) Describe some of the changes in vision that most of us can expect to experience as we age.Based on these changes,what recommendations would you make for senior drivers?
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Chapter 7: Nonvisual Sensation and Perception
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Q1) Lauren is a huge fan of music,and she attends performances in clubs or concerts nearly every weekend.It is likely that
A) Lauren will experience more hearing loss than her friends who attend concerts less frequently.
B) Lauren will experience less hearing loss than her friends who attend concerts less frequently,because her ears will build up a tolerance to loud sounds in general.
C) Lauren's attendance will not affect her hearing,as she is only a college student,not a senior citizen.
D) Lauren's hearing will not be affected as long as she limits her exposure to 90 minutes each time.
Q2) Stimulation of which of the following structures reduces the sensation of pain?
A) substantia gelatinosa
B) intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus
C) periaqueductal gray (PAG)
D) dorsal column nuclei
Q3) What is a "supertaster?"
Q4) How does the chemical composition of the endolymph affect the activity of hair cells in the cochlea?
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Muscle fibers contract when Z lines move _________ and the sarcomeres
_________.
A) apart;stretch
B) apart;shorten
C) together;stretch
D) together;shorten
Q2) Endurance activities,such as distance running,rely primarily on _________ muscles using _________ metabolism.
A) fast-twitch;aerobic
B) fast-twitch;anaerobic
C) slow-twitch;aerobic
D) slow-twitch;anaerobic
Q3) A person with damage to the right hemisphere motor cortex will experience weakness or paralysis
A) on the left side of the body.
B) on the right side of the body.
C) on both the right and left sides of the body.
D) in the torso and arms but not the legs.
Q4) Describe the sequence of events involved in the patellar reflex.
Q5) Describe the three types of muscle found in the human body.
Q6) What is a mirror neuron?
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Chapter 9: Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger
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Sample Questions
Q1) Solutions that are lower in concentration of solutes than a reference solution are known as
A) hypotonic.
B) hypertonic.
C) isotonic.
D) osmotic.
Q2) Extracellular fluid includes
A) fluid contained within body cells.
B) the blood supply,cerebrospinal fluid,and interstitial fluid.
C) cerebrospinal fluid and the fluid contained within body cells.
D) interstitial fluid and the fluid contained within body cells.
Q3) In addition to the roles they play in hunger,orexins (hypocretins)are involved in what other type of behavior?
A) sociability
B) drinking
C) sex
D) wakefulness
Q4) How does a set point work? Provide one example.
Q5) What is the role of genetics in obesity?
Q6) How does near starvation change the nutrients used by the brain?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Sexual Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) In cases of androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)
A) the Müllerian system develops normally,but the Wolffian system does not.
B) the Wolffian system develops normally,but the Müllerian system does not.
C) both the Wolffian and Müllerian systems develop.
D) neither the Wolffian nor the Müllerian systems develop.
Q2) The SRY gene is expressed about _________ weeks postconception.
A) six
B) 10
C) 12
D) 16
Q3) In cases of 5-alpha-reductase deficiency,internal organs
A) fail to develop in either the male or female pattern.
B) develop in the normal female pattern.
C) develop in the normal male pattern.
D) develop both the normal female and male patterns.
Q4) Masculine play behavior and toy selection among young girls is correlated with
A) paternal testosterone levels.
B) maternal testosterone levels.
C) paternal estradiol levels.
D) maternal estradiol levels.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Sleep and Waking
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dreaming occurs only during REM sleep,but not during NREM sleep.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Current research suggests that Americans
A) are getting just about the right amount of sleep.
B) are sleeping more than the amount that is considered healthy.
C) are sleeping less than the amount that is considered healthy.
D) sleep too little during the work week,but maintain a healthy lifestyle by catching up on sleep over the weekend.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a circadian rhythm?
A) sleep-waking cycles
B) menstrual cycles
C) seasonal migration
D) mating seasons
Q4) REM behavior disorder is correlated with damage to the A) suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).
B) basal forebrain.
C) thalamus.
D) pons.
Q5) What is "sleep debt" and how is it managed by the brain?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nucleus accumbens
A) does not participate in learning of any type.
B) is important to long-term,but not to short-term learning.
C) is important in episodic and semantic memory,but not procedural memory.
D) contributes to the evaluation of reward during procedural learning.
Q2) Simultaneous activation of climbing and parallel fibers results in _________ in Purkinje cells.
A) increases in EPSPs
B) decreases in EPSPs
C) increases in IPSPs
D) decreases in IPSPs
Q3) Immediately following the powerful 7.2 2003 San Luis Obispo earthquake,I felt "jumpy" whenever an airplane flew over my house to land at the nearby airport.This change is probably a result of
A) instinct.
B) reflex.
C) habituation.
D) sensitization.
Q4) How does long-term depression occur in the cerebellum?
Q5) What are the results of increasing CREB-1 and CREB-2 activity in fruit flies?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Lateralization, language, and Intelligence
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Q1) Modern research indicates that the Wernicke-Geschwind model is incorrect in which of the following assumptions?
A) The angular gyrus is involved with the translation of written words into sound.
B) Sounds are decoded by Wernicke's area.
C) Information travels in only one direction between Broca's and Wernicke's areas.
D) Broca's area participates in the production of speech.
Q2) People with Wernicke's aphasia
A) comprehend speech more effectively than written words.
B) comprehend written words more effectively than speech.
C) are unable to comprehend either written or spoken language.
D) speak more clearly than they write.
Q3) A possible benefit of lateralization is
A) the ability to manage several tasks at once.
B) faster communication between the two hemispheres.
C) "backup" in the event of brain damage.
D) increased diversity among a population.
Q4) In what ways do apes use language differently than humans?
Q5) How can we reconcile theories of general and multiple intelligence?
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Chapter 14: Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chewing and speaking are controlled by the_________ nerve.
A) facial
B) hypoglossal
C) trigeminal
D) abducens
Q2) Patients with left hemisphere damage
A) are more likely to be depressed than patients with right hemisphere damage.
B) are less likely to be depressed than patients with right hemisphere damage.
C) are equally likely to be depressed as patients with right hemisphere damage.
D) do not experience any changes in mood.
Q3) Damage to one cerebral hemisphere generally produces paralysis in the A) contralateral upper and lower face.
B) ipsilateral upper and lower face.
C) contralateral upper face without effect on the lower face.
D) contralateral lower face without effect on the upper face.
Q4) For Hans Selye,the "fight or flight" response is synonymous with A) an alarm reaction.
B) resistance.
C) exhaustion.
D) the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Neurological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The area of neural tissue surrounding an infarct is known as the A) embolism.
B) thrombosis.
C) penumbra.
D) aneurysm.
Q2) Partial seizures are frequently accompanied by an aura,but generalized seizures typically occur without an aura.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Multiple sclerosis
A) affects more women than men.
B) affects more men than women,as it is a sex-linked condition.
C) affects equal numbers of men and women.
D) typically does not develop until after the age of 55 years.
Q4) Paroxysmal depolarizing shifts (PDS)characterize which of the following types of seizures?
A) petit mal and grand mal
B) petit mal and simple partial
C) simple and complex partial
D) grand mal and complex partial
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Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the correlations between brain activity and antisocial behavior.
Q2) The abnormal saccades associated with schizophrenia might represent a more general problem with
A) control of reflexive eye movements carried out by the superior colliculi.
B) executive functions carried out by the frontal lobes.
C) attention and arousal functions carried out by the reticular formation.
D) the cranial nerves involved with eye movement.
Q3) Which brain structures are suspected of contributing to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Q4) In some research,the severity and frequency of auditory hallucinations has been reduced by
A) barbiturates.
B) electrical stimulation of the temporal lobe.
C) magnetic stimulation of the temporal lobe.
D) magnetic stimulation of the frontal lobe.
Q5) If medication with traditional antipsychotics is discontinued,tardive dyskinesia
A) disappears immediately.
B) disappears after a period of about six months to a year.
C) disappears after a period of about 3 years.
D) continues indefinitely,and may be permanent.
Page 18
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