Course Introduction
Behavioral Neuroscience
Textbook Exam Questions
Behavioral Neuroscience explores the biological foundations of behavior by examining the structure and function of the nervous system. The course covers fundamental topics including neural communication, sensory systems, motor control, learning and memory, emotion, and biological rhythms. Students will investigate how brain processes influence behavior, with attention to research methods and experimental findings in both humans and animals. Emphasis is placed on understanding the interplay between neural mechanisms and behavior in areas such as perception, motivation, stress, and psychiatric disorders.
Recommended Textbook
Drugs and the Neuroscience of Behavior An Introduction to Psychopharmacology 2nd Edition by
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychopharmacology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dose consists of a ratio of the amount of drug per ____________.
A) an organism's body weight
B) person treated
C) the amount needed
D) amount administered
Answer: A
Q2) Define single-blind procedure,double-blind procedure,and open-label studies.Provide a rationale for each.
Answer: In a single-blind procedure,researchers do not inform study participants which treatment or placebo they received.
Q3) ________ refers to the physiological actions of drugs.For psychoactive drugs,this includes the drug's actions on the nervous system.
Answer: Pharmacodynamics
Q4) All of the following impact internal validity except:
A) the model used resembles the disorder.
B) using a placebo control group.
C) using inconsistent methods to measure the dependent variable.
D) accidentally changing the dose of the study drug.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The presence of at least one Y chromosome indicates:
A) that a person will have a polymorphism.
B) that a person is genetically female.
C) that a person is genetically male.
D) that a person has autochromosomal traits.
Answer: C
Q2) The greater the density of spines along dendrites,the greater a neuron's:
A) neurotransmitter system.
B) synaptic zone.
C) firing rate.
D) receptive area.
Answer: D
Q3) The structure that meets the spinal cord in the hindbrain is the:
A) medulla.
B) cerebellum.
C) pons.
D) hypothalamus.
Answer: A
Q4) The ________________ nervous system controls involuntary movements.
Answer: autonomic
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Neurotransmission
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Sample Questions
Q1) After the activation of a G-protein,the sequence of signalling events consists of:
A) effector enzyme, second messenger, protein kinase, substrate protein.
B) second messenger, effector enzyme, protein kinase substrate protein.
C) effector enzyme, protein kinase, second messenger, substrate protein.
D) substrate protein, protein kinase, second messenger, effector enzyme.
Answer: A
Q2) A molecule that joins with a protein is called a(n):
A) ligand.
B) receptor.
C) ion.
D) enzyme.
Answer: A
Q3) A drug that inhibited acetylcholinesterase would:
A) reduce levels of dopamine.
B) prevent a decrease in levels of acetylcholine.
C) increase levels of norepinephrine.
D) decrease activation of cholinergic receptors.
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Properties of Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychoactive drugs rely on active transport mechanisms to cross the blood-brain barrier.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _____________ tolerance consists of a decreased behavioral responsivess to a drug's effects.
A) Pharmacokinetic
B) Pharmacodynamic
C) Conditioned
D) Behavioral
Q3) Drug A has a pKa of 8 and Drug B has a pKa of 10.The pH of the local environment is 7.Which drug will diffuse through membranes more effectively?
A) Neither will diffuse through membranes
B) Both Drug A and B equally
C) Drug B
D) Drug A
Q4) __________________ refers to a drug's strength of binding to a receptor .
Q5) Describe the differences between first-order kinetics and zero-order kinetics and provide an example.
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Chapter 5: Drugs of Abuse
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Q1) The _________________ model states that drug addiction occurs after a shift from liking the effects of a drug to wanting the effects of a drug.
A) disease
B) opponent-process
C) drive theory
D) incentive-salience
Q2) The U.S.federal law that regulates sale and possession of drugs identified as controlled substances is called the:
A) 21st Amendment.
B) Drug Enforcement Act.
C) Controlled Substances Act.
D) Harrison Narcotics Act.
Q3) All of the following are features of food addiction except:
A) large amounts of a food are consumed on a regular basis.
B) a person unsuccessfully attempts to reduce overeating.
C) individuals become obese.
D) overeating continues despite knowing the harm it is causing.
Q4) _________ therapy exchanges the addictive drug with a similar but less harmful drug.
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Chapter 6: Psychostimulants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why might someone have levels of both methamphetamine and amphetamine in his body?
A) The methyl chemical group breaks off of the amphetamine molecule if the freebase form of methamphetamine is smoked.
B) He took methamphetamine and some of the molecules were biotransformed into amphetamine.
C) The similarity between both compounds causes analytical tests to report both substances, when in fact, only of the compounds was administered.
D) Chewing lime improves oral absorption of methamphetamine in the mouth but also converts some of the molecules to amphetamine.
Q2) A psychostimulant-induced increase in behaviors like gnawing,turning in circles,and grooming in rodents would serve as an example of:
A) purposeful behavior.
B) stereotypy.
C) punding.
D) rate-dependent.
Q3) Describe how cocaine causes an increase in dopamine levels in the synaptic cleft.
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8
Chapter 7: Nicotine and Caffeine
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Sample Questions
Q1) Finding that smoking a second cigarette did increase heart like the first cigarette smoke earlier did is an example of which pharmacological effect?
A) Receptor desensitization
B) Behavioral tolerance
C) Acute tolerance.
D) Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Q2) The greatest amount of freebase nicotine that can be absorbed form a tobacco product is:
A) 50 percent.
B) 100 percent.
C) 25 percent.
D) 75 percent.
Q3) The elimination rate for nicotine is shorter for:
A) smokeless tobacco users.
B) e-cigarette smokers.
C) nonsmokers.
D) chronic tobacco users.
Q4) Nicotine reduces appetite in both non-tobacco users and long-term smokers.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alcohol produces inhibitory effects via NMDA receptors by:
A) preventing glutamate from binding to NMDA receptors.
B) preventing glutamate absorption through transporters in the intestine.
C) serving as a positive modulator of NMDA receptors.
D) reducing excitatory effects from NMDA receptor activation.
Q2) The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase converts alcohol to acetaldehyde.
A)True
B)False
Q3) While not the form of alcohol used as a beverage,why might someone unintentionally be exposed methanol?
A) Alcoholic beverage producers are not required to test for methanol, which may be accidentally synthesized during the production process.
B) Methanol is known to contaminate drinking water.
C) He drank poorly distilled alcohol, which contained amounts of methanol.
D) He was having a massage and rubbing alcohol was used.
Q4) Describe the metabolic steps for alcohol.
Q5) Decision making without reflecting adequately on the consequences of those decisions is called ________.
Q6) Describe how GABAA receptors mediate alcohol's reinforcing effects.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: GHP and Inhalants
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Q1) Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)is both a drug and a ____________.
Q2) In a drug discrimination procedure using GHB as a training drug,why might the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen produce full substitution?
A) GABAB receptors produce inhibitory effects similar to positive modulation of GABAA receptors.
B) GABAB receptors interact with GHB receptors.
C) GHB is an agonist for GABAB receptors.
D) baclofen is also an agonist for GHB receptors.
Q3) GHB is likely used in sexual assault because:
A) a victim will not be able to remember her assailant.
B) the drug is a psychostimulant, which is promotes poor decision making.
C) the victim is aware of her actions and therefore can't legally claim an assault took place.
D) it can be purchased over the counter in most health fitness stores.
Q4) An inhibitor of succinic semialdehyde reductase would:
A) increase the synthesis of GABA.
B) increase the turnover of GABA.
C) reduce the synthesis of GHB.
D) increase the synthesis of GHB.
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Chapter 10: Opioids
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the U.S.,due to the Drug Addiction Treatment act,specialized clinics are needed for prescribing:
A) buprenorphine.
B) heroin.
C) methadone.
D) methamphetamine.
Q2) By inhibiting the activity of GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area,opioids produce a(n):
A) increase in dopamine in the nucleus accumbens.
B) decrease in dopamine in the ventral tegmental area.
C) decrease in endogenous opioids in the ventral tegmental area.
D) increase in endogenous opioids in the nucleus accumbens.
Q3) Increased synthesis of propiomelanocortin would lead to greater activation of opioid receptors by:
A) norepinephrine.
B) dynorphin A.
C) beta-endorphin.
D) met-enkaphalin.
Q4) Opioids produce ________ effects by inhibiting GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Cannabinoids
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Sample Questions
Q1) How might someone self-administer hashish oil by inhalation?
A) Mix it into a tobacco blend and smoke it.
B) Add the oil to an e-liquid container to use an e-cigarette.
C) Add the oil to a volative solvent in order to inhale vapors coming from the mixture when heated.
D) Adding it to a cloth in order to huff it.
Q2) THC may be used in treatment for glaucoma by
A) improving neurotransmission in the optic nerve.
B) reducing intraocular eye pressure.
C) decreasing neuropathic pain.
D) preventing autoimmune responses from damaging the eye.
Q3) What effect would a CB1 receptor antagonist cause if administered directly to the thalamus and spinal cord?
A) Depression.
B) Increased pain sensitivity.
C) Reduced hunger.
D) Improved immune system functioning.
Q4) Describe the three types of subjective effects one will experience as he continues to use cannabis during a single session.
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Chapter 12: Psychedelic Drugs
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Q1) An antagonist for serotonin receptors would likely
A) inhibit the effects of LSD.
B) have little or no effect on LSD.
C) enhance the effects of LSD.
D) produce hallucinations like LSD.
Q2) Comanche chief ________ stated that the Great Spirit Within communicatedwith him through a peyote experience to make peace with the white man andseek spiritual communion and wisdom.
Q3) Paranoia can occur with MDMA use.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which hallucinogenic substance is legal to use for the Native American Church of North America ?
A) Mimosa hostilis.
B) atropine.
C) psilocybin.
D) mescaline.
Q5) A couple who took MDMA and during its effects felt emotionally closer to each other than ever before likely experienced the ________ effects of MDMA.
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Chapter 13: Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder
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Q1) If a patient treated with an antidepressant exhibited severe agitation and occassional hallucinations,the patient is likely
A) taking a dose that is too high.
B) using illicit substances.
C) a fast metabolizer.
D) suffering from a disorder other than depression.
Q2) Increased serotonin levels are associated with ________ side effects,which can reduce one's quality of life.
Q3) In major depressive disorder,the amygdala appears to A) have a smaller volume.
B) be overactive.
C) have a larger volume.
D) be underactive.
Q4) Tricyclic antidepressant drugs cause hypertension.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A structure called ________ in the brain has a reduced volume in major depressive disorder.
Q6) Antagonists for ________ receptors cause dry mouth.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Treatments for Anxiety Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the outputs from the amygdala that occur in response to a potentially threatening stimulus.
Q2) List and explain the effects derived from three structures that mediate the effects of benzodiazepines.
Q3) Since non-human primates do not self-administer barbiturates,they are not considered substances of abuse.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The 5-HT1A receptor that inhibits the activity of serotonin neurons is located
Q5) All of the following disorders involving anxiety are at least partly mediated by amygdala except A) panic disorder.
B) social phobia.
C) obsessive compulsive disorder.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder.
Q6) Benzodiazepines are negative modulators for GABAA receptors.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Antipsychotic Drugs
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Q1) A motor disorder that affects muscles primarily around the mouth or other parts of face is called
A) cardiovascular dementia.
B) tardive dyskinesia.
C) acute dystonia.
D) extrapyramidal dyskinesia.
Q2) Prior to a first diagnosis of schizophrenia,early signs of schizophrenia likely occur before this during the A) prodromal phase of schizophrenia.
B) pre-schizophrenia phase.
C) early development phase of schizophrenia.
D) pre-cognitive phase of schizophrenia.
Q3) Bleuler used the term schizophrenia based on observing A) separation for reality.
B) splitting of psychic functions.
C) engagement in childlike thinking.
D) dementia symptoms occurring in young adults.
Q4) Describe the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia and state why a typical antipsychotic drug reduces positive symptoms.
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