Behavioral Neuroscience Test Bank
Course Introduction
Behavioral Neuroscience explores the biological foundations of behavior by examining the structure and function of the nervous system, with particular emphasis on the brain. This course investigates how neural circuits and neurochemical processes underlie perception, motivation, emotion, learning, memory, and other behaviors. Students will gain insight into experimental techniques, neuroanatomy, and how disruptions in neural processes relate to various psychological disorders. Through an integration of lectures, case studies, and research findings, students will develop a comprehensive understanding of how biological systems influence behavior across species.
Recommended Textbook
Drugs and the Neuroscience of Behavior An Introduction to Psychopharmacology 2nd Edition by
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15 Chapters
1711 Verified Questions
1711 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychopharmacology
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dose consists of a ratio of the amount of drug per ____________.
A) an organism's body weight
B) person treated
C) the amount needed
D) amount administered
Answer: A
Q2) A researcher provided a test drug to a group of study participants,and afterward asked participants to rate how the drug's effects feel.The dependent variable is this study was the rating on how the drug felt.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) To describe the middle point on a dose-effect curve,a pharmacologist might state the drug is _________.
A) effective dose 50 (ED ) value
B) lowest effective and maximally effective dose
C) therapeutic index
D) certain safety index
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: The Nervous System
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114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term ________________ refers to the components that comprise this connection.
Answer: synapse
Q2) Glial scars may impair recovery from brain injury because:
A) regenerating axons may be unable to regain previous connections through the site of injury.
B) they prevent axons from re-growing.
C) interneurons make inhibitory connections with damaged neurons.
D) oligodendrocytes fail to myelinate re-growing axons.
Answer: A
Q3) While taking notes in class,a student had recall keep in mind what the professor had just stated in order to draw a diagram in her notebook.This is an example of:
A) reference memory.
B) procedural memory.
C) working memory.
D) implicit memory.
Answer: C
Q4) The ________________ of a neuron receive information from other neurons.
Answer: dendrites
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Chapter 3: Neurotransmission
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although nitric oxide is a neurotransmitter,describe the ways it differs from classical neurotransmitter such as dopamine.
Answer: 1.NO is a gas
2.It is not stored
3.It can pass through plasma membranes and bind to proteins within a neuron
4.NO is not released when calcium influx occurs
Q2) Why does sodium enter neurons when sodium channels are opened?
A) Due to electrostatic attraction
B) Due to a concentration gradient
C) Due to sodium-potassium pump activity
D) Due to channels forcing sodium into neurons
Answer: A
Q3) Exposed portions of axons at the nodes of Ranvier contain sodium and potassium channels.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Activating a GABAA postsynaptic receptor will cause a(n)_____________.
Answer: inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)
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Chapter 4: Properties of Drugs
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The selective destruction of axons by a neurotoxin is called:
A) transmission toxicity.
B) neuronpathy.
C) myelinopathy.
D) axonopathy.
Q2) Finding that someone who was dependent on the opioid heroin required high doses of opioid replacement drug methadone would serve as an example of:
A) behavioral tolerance.
B) conditioned tolerance.
C) cross tolerance.
D) pharmacodynamic tolerance.
Q3) The distribution phase of pharmacokinetics affects a drug's __________________,the ability of a drug to reach a site of action.
Q4) The most important criteria below for a drug that may act in the brain is:
A) able to alter neurotransmission.
B) highly potent.
C) administered orally.
D) crosses the blood-brain barrier.
Q5) List and describe four ways that a drug could alter neurotransmission.
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Chapter 5: Drugs of Abuse
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114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If someone is planning out a series of steps,such as getting money and driving to meet a dealer,to obtain a drug of abuse,which structure is likely mediating these plans?
A) Nucleus accumbens
B) Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
C) Amygdala
D) Hypothalamus
Q2) Inhibiting the activity of GABA neurons that make synaptic contact with dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area would likely:
A) increase dopamine release in the basal ganglia.
B) increase dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens.
C) increase GABA release in the nucleus accumbens.
D) decrease GABA release in the ventral tegmental area.
Q3) A model of drug addiction:
A) characterizes and explains compulsive drug use.
B) is used to diagnose a drug addiction.
C) is used to determine a treatment for a substance use disorder.
D) is developed from the opinions of clinicians.
Q4) _________ therapy exchanges the addictive drug with a similar but less harmful drug.
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Chapter 6: Psychostimulants
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are pharmacological treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder except:
A) methamphetamine.
B) methylphenidate.
C) amphetamine.
D) pseudoephedrine.
Q2) Why might someone have levels of both methamphetamine and amphetamine in his body?
A) The methyl chemical group breaks off of the amphetamine molecule if the freebase form of methamphetamine is smoked.
B) He took methamphetamine and some of the molecules were biotransformed into amphetamine.
C) The similarity between both compounds causes analytical tests to report both substances, when in fact, only of the compounds was administered.
D) Chewing lime improves oral absorption of methamphetamine in the mouth but also converts some of the molecules to amphetamine.
Q3) Describe how amphetamine causes an increase in dopamine levels in the synaptic cleft.
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Chapter 7: Nicotine and Caffeine
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most common symptom of caffeine withdrawal is:
A) headache.
B) irritibility.
C) anxious mood.
D) depressed mood.
Q2) Caffeine is an agonist for adenosine receptors.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Why are the effects of nicotine on memory unclear?
Q4) After activation of the receptors,nicotine receptors soon enter a state of :
A) sensitization.
B) excitation.
C) inhibition.
D) desensitization.
Q5) If a caffeine dependent individual had her last caffeinated drink during the early afternoon,then the next morning she is likely:
A) able to wait several more hours before consuming more caffeine.
B) no longer going to experience caffeine withdrawal symptoms.
C) still alert from the previous caffeine use.
D) experiencing caffeine withdrawal symptoms.
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Chapter 8: Alcohol
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114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Distillation provides a means of:
A) making alcohol up to a 15 percent concentration.
B) making alcohol without using yeast at any stage of the process.
C) bypassing a fermentation process completely.
D) going beyond the limits of alcohol production from fermenting.
Q2) ________ blackout consists of incomplete memories from a period of alcohol intoxication.
Q3) All of the following actions mediate the reinforcing effects of alcohol except:
A) facilitating GABAA receptor activation in the nucleus accumbens.
B) activating GABAA receptors located on GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area.
C) decreasing inhibition for mesolimbic dopamine neurons.
D) decreasing -endorphin levels in the nucleus accumbens.
Q4) An inhibitor of aldehyde dehyrdogenase would cause a buildup of acetaldehyde.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The elimination rate of alcohol follows first-order kinetics.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the metabolic steps for alcohol.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: GHP and Inhalants
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119 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are a pharamcologist employed by a major drug company.The company would like to see if a drug that counteracted the effects of endogenous GHB might be a novel psychostimulant drug.You've been asked to develop two pharmacological strategies on how a development program could address this request.
Q2) The ability of GHB to produce a deep sleep led it to be used for the treatment of:
A) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
B) narcolepsy.
C) fibromyalgia.
D) drug withdrawal.
Q3) Which stage of an inhalant's effects is known as inhalant overdose?
A) Stage 4
B) Stage 3
C) Stage 2
D) Stage 1
Q4) Some studies show that inhalants increase the release of ____________ in the nucleus accumbens.
Q5) GHB binds to GABAA receptors.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Opioids
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the U.S.,due to the Drug Addiction Treatment act,specialized clinics are needed for prescribing:
A) buprenorphine.
B) heroin.
C) methadone.
D) methamphetamine.
Q2) To determine if someone were used,why would the presence of the metabolite morphine-6-glucoronide in a test be unable to indicate the opioid used was an illicit substance.
Q3) Why might a physician be reluctant to prescribe an opioid analgesic for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
A) Opioid agonists depress respiratory function.
B) Opioid agonists cause memory loss, making someone likely to overdose if the person forgot taking the medication earlier.
C) Opioids have high abuse potential.
D) Opioids drugs are less effective for pain in those with COPD.
Q4) Glutamate ________ receptors may mediate the reinforcing effects of opioids.
Q5) How do opioid agonists produce analgesic effects?
Q6) Describe the ways that opioids act on reward circuitry.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Cannabinoids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Irritibility,anger,and decreased appetite occurring when a cannabis user does not have access to cannabis is likely an indication of
A) cannabis withdrawal syndrome.
B) cannabis toxicity.
C) stoned dysphoria.
D) use of synthetic marijuana.
Q2) Less THC reaches the brain if cannabis is smoked.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cannabinoids may reduce intraocular eye pressure by acting on CB1 receptors in the
A) hypothalamus.
B) optic tract.
C) eye.
D) visual cortex.
Q4) A contact high is likely due to A) a placebo effect.
B) using other substances, such as alcohol, while using a cannabis product.
C) the psychological effect of using a drug among friends in a social setting.
D) pychoactive cannabinoids present in cannabis smoke from another user.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Psychedelic Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are features of dimethyltryptamine except A) made in the body.
B) agonist for sigma-1 receptors.
C) found in certain plants.
D) antagonist for NMDA receptors.
Q2) Name three of the hallucinogens described in the text and indicate where they are derived from.
Q3) A perception of images or sounds that are not real is a
A) pseudo-hallucination.
B) true hallucination.
C) real hallucination.
D) quasi-hallucination.
Q4) Which of the following is an effect that phencyclidine has on serotonin neurotransmission?
A) Reverses the direction of the serotonin membrane transporter.
B) Agonist for 5-HT2A receptors.
C) Antagonist for 5-HT3 receptors.
D) Inhibitor of the vesicular transporter for serotonin.
Q5) LSD is structurally similar to the neurotransmitter ________.
Q6) Why did therapists find the use of LSD appealing for psychotherapy?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder
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Sample Questions
Q1) Symptoms must last at least 2 months for a major depressive disorder diagnosis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In major depressive disorder,the amygdala appears to
A) have a smaller volume.
B) be overactive.
C) have a larger volume.
D) be underactive.
Q3) A cheese reaction occurs from overactivation of the ________ nervous system.
Q4) Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors do not have any of the same adverse effects as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
A)True
B)False
Q5) For a patient with major depressive disorder,electrically activating the nucleus accumbens would likely
A) compromise the effectiveness of antidepressant medications.
B) reduce the symptoms of depression.
C) increase aggressive behavior.
D) increase the likelihood of seizures.
Q6) Name four symptoms of depression.
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Chapter 14: Treatments for Anxiety Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) High levels of cortisol can cause
A) damage to the hypothalamus.
B) diminished activity in the prefrontal cortex.
C) elevated activity in the amygdala.
D) damage to the hippocampus.
Q2) Antagonism of alpha2 adrenoceptor acting as heteroceptors on serotonin axon terminals will
A) increase serotonin release.
B) decrease serotonin release.
C) increase norepinephrine release.
D) decrease norepinephrine release.
Q3) Worry and distress concerning potential events or outcomes is referred to as A) aggression.
B) concern.
C) anxiety.
D) fear.
Q4) The anxiolytic effects of long-acting benzodiazepines are carried on from active metabolite to active metabolite.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Antipsychotic Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Antagonism of alpha2 adrenoceptors may
A) increase depressive symptoms in schizophrenia.
B) contribute to atypical antipsychotic effects.
C) cause weight gain.
D) cause QT interval prolongation.
Q2) The neurodevelopmental hypothesis states that schizophrenia arises from a sudden neurodegeneration that begins in adulthood.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Hyperprolactinemia occurs from
A) agonism of D receptors.
B) antagonism of D receptors.
C) antagonism of 5-HT A receptors.
D) antagonism of NMDA receptors.
Q4) Describe the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia and state why a typical antipsychotic drug reduces positive symptoms.
Q5) Chlorpromazine was developed specifically for the treatment of schizophrenia. A)True
B)False
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