Behavioral Neuroscience
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Behavioral Neuroscience is an interdisciplinary course that explores the biological foundations of behavior by examining the relationship between the brain, nervous system, and various psychological processes. Topics include the structure and function of neural cells, neuroanatomy, neurotransmission, sensory systems, learning and memory, emotion, motivation, and the neural mechanisms underlying mental health disorders. Through lectures, discussions, and laboratory experiences, students gain a comprehensive understanding of how physiological processes influence behavior and cognition, emphasizing both classic findings and contemporary research in the field.
Recommended Textbook
Biological Psychology 12th Edition by James W. Kalat
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15 Chapters
1794 Verified Questions
1794 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
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120 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier are usually ____.
A)large, uncharged molecules, such as lactose
B)large, charged molecules
C)neurotransmitters, such as dopamine
D)molecules that can dissolve in the fats of the capillary walls
Answer: D
Q2) Dendrites contain the nuclei,ribosomes,mitochondria,and other structures found in most cells.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) In what direction does a local neuron transmit information?
A)through its dendrites to cell body to axon
B)through its axon to cell body to dendrites
C)only toward the cell body
D)equally well in any direction
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Synapses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Receptor molecules for neurotransmitters that exert metabotropic effects are proteins that bind to ____ outside the membrane,and attach to ____ inside the membrane.
A)calcium; potassium
B)neurotransmitters; nicotine
C)neurotransmitters; G-proteins
D)adenosine; nitric oxide
Answer: C
Q2) On advantage of nitric oxide is that it ____.
A)can be made by neurons efficiently
B)is easily synthesized in a laboratory
C)increases the growth of microglia
D)safe for human cells in large quantities
Answer: A
Q3) What happens when a neurotransmitter is released by a presynaptic cell?
A)It causes calcium to rush into the presynaptic neuron.
B)It causes calcium to rush into the postsynaptic neuron.
C)The neurotransmitter passively spreads across the synaptic cleft.
D)The neurotransmitter is actively transported across the synaptic cleft.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Anatomy and Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) An individual has difficulty remembering certain things after brain damage,but all memories stored before the damage are intact.The brain area most likely damaged is the ____.
A)fornix
B)hypothalamus
C)hippocampus
D)nucleus basalis
Answer: C
Q2) In addition to problems with balance and coordination,a person with damage to the cerebellum will likely have problems with ____.
A)reflexive changes in heart rate
B)shifting attention between auditory and visual stimuli
C)amnesia
D)rational decision-making
Answer: B
Q3) The parasympathetic nervous system activates the "fight or flight" response.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Proteins called ____ bind DNA into a shape that is more like string wound around a ball.
A)enzymes
B)histones
C)esters
D)acetyl groups
Q2) The most common cause of brain damage in children is closed head injury.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One way to relieve the pain associated with a phantom limb is to ____.
A)remove more of the amputated limb
B)have the amputee learn to use an artificial limb
C)stimulate the relevant part of the cortex
D)convince the patient that there is no neural basis for these sensations
Q4) Individuals afflicted with PKU need to avoid ____.
A)foods high in phenylalanine
B)foods high in vitamin K
C)alcohol
D)sunlight
Q5) Describe Lamarckian evolution and the evidence for or against it.
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Chapter 5: Vision
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which cell responds most strongly to a stimulus moving perpendicular to its axis?
A)simple
B)complex
C)lateral geniculate
D)ganglion
Q2) In vertebrate retinas,receptors send their messages ____.
A)straight to the brain
B)immediately to ganglion cells within the retina
C)to bipolar cells within the retina
D)to the periphery of the retina first, ganglion cells next, and bipolar cells last
Q3) Which theory can best explain why people that are wearing yellow-colored glasses can still identify the color of a green apple?
A)trichromatic theory
B)retinex theory
C)opponent-process theory
D)kodak theory
Q4) Describe the key functions of the major pathways in the visual cortex.
Q5) What is prosopagnosia?
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Chapter 6: Other Sensory Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tinnitus may be ____.
A)suffered by those with conductive deafness
B)seen in the very young
C)due to a phenomenon like the phantom limb
D)due to differential loudness
Q2) Large-diameter pain axons ____.
A)carry sharp pain information
B)carry dull pain information
C)readily respond to endorphins
D)are associated with small cell bodies
Q3) Meissner's corpuscles are ____.
A)elaborate neuron endings for touch
B)simple, bare neuron endings
C)bare endings surrounded by non-neural cells
D)important components of the blood
Q4) Which of the following is true for nerve deafness?
A)It is usually temporary.
B)It often can be corrected by surgery.
C)It will involve a normal cochlea and auditory nerve.
D)It can result from damage to the cochlea.
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Chapter 7: Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) The motor cortex can become active when imagining movement.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Central pattern generators ____.
A)contribute to rhythmic patterns of movement
B)generate movement which is unresponsive to environmental stimulation
C)constrict the pupils in response to bright light
D)control all reflexes in adult humans
Q3) Paths from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord are called the ____.
A)pyramidalspinal tracts
B)horizontalspinal tracts
C)dorsospinal tracts
D)corticospinal tracts
Q4) Most types of movement can be clearly classified as voluntary or involuntary.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Briefly describe the cellular organization of the cerebellum.
Q6) Describe the significance of mirror neurons.
Q7) Describe the relationship of conscious decisions and movements.What may this relationship reveal about consciousness?
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Chapter 8: Wakefulness and Sleep
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Sample Questions
Q1) People with REM behavior disorder ____.
A)show intrusions of REM sleep into wakefulness
B)show bizarre behaviors while awake due to REM deprivation at night
C)enter REM sleep at unusual and unpredictable times
D)move vigorously during REM, apparently acting out their dreams
Q2) Stimulation of the pontomesencephalon ____.
A)awakens a sleeping individual
B)decreases alertness in someone already awake
C)shifts the EEG from short waves to long, slow waves
D)delays the onset of the next REM period
Q3) Loss of orexin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus may contribute to ____.
A)sleep apnea
B)narcolepsy
C)insomnia
D)periodic limb movement disorder
Q4) What is a likely consequence if someone's temperature rhythm is phase-delayed?
A)waking up frequently during the night
B)having problems going to sleep after losing your job
C)difficulty falling asleep
D)not breathing during the night
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Internal Regulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) A combination of the hormones aldosterone and angiotensin II leads to an increase in preference for ____ tastes.
A)sweet
B)sour
C)salty
D)bitter
Q2) A Danish study correlating the weights of 540 adopted children with various adoptive and biological relatives found ____.
A)a higher correlation with biological relatives than adoptive relatives
B)a higher correlation with adoptive siblings than with biological siblings
C)the same correlation with biological relatives and adoptive relatives
D)a higher correlation with biological relatives during childhood but a higher correlation with adoptive relatives in adulthood
Q3) The large intestine ____.
A)absorbs water and minerals
B)digests proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
C)is the main site for the absorption of digested foodstuffs into the bloodstream
D)stores excess nutrients as glycogen, protein, or fat
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Chapter 10: Reproductive Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) A more recent study on differences in the INAH3 suggests that compared to heterosexual men,homosexual men have ____.
A)a larger INAH3
B)smaller INAH3 neurons, but a comparable number
C)fewer INAH3 neurons, but they are larger in size
D)a comparable number and size of INAH3 neurons
Q2) Of the various hypotheses based on hormone levels,which is the most plausible explanation for male homosexuality?
A)Adult testosterone levels are low.
B)Adult estrogen levels are high.
C)Prenatal testosterone levels were low during some sensitive period.
D)Prenatal estrogen levels were high during some sensitive period.
Q3) Describe the organizing effects of sex hormones and give specific examples.
Q4) In castrated male rats,the medial preoptic area ____.
A)does not have as much dopamine as other rats
B)has normal levels of dopamine released in the presence of a receptive female
C)has as much dopamine as normal rats, but the presence of a receptive female does not evoke much release of it
D)releases the same level of dopamine, but not testosterone, as a normal rat
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Chapter 11: Emotional Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly describe the James-Lange Theory of Emotion.
Q2) Low serotonin turnover is associated with reduced aggression.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The behavioral activation system is associated with ____.
A)low to moderate arousal, tendency to approach new objects, and pleasant mood
B)maximum arousal, increased fear, and negative mood
C)lack of arousal, decreased action, and pleasant mood
D)increased attention and arousal, decreased action, and fear or disgust
Q4) Why do individuals with prefrontal cortex damage often make bad decisions?
A)They can't understand complexly worded questions.
B)They don't anticipate the unpleasantness of likely outcomes.
C)They conform readily to whatever other people are doing.
D)They can't predict the consequences of one decision or another.
Q5) The amygdala is part of the ____.
A)pyramidal system
B)sympathetic nervous system
C)parasympathetic nervous system
D)limbic system
Q6) Briefly describe how benzodiazepines work in the brain.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The Biology of Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hebb believed that short-term memory ____.
A)should not be distinguished from long-term memory
B)was a temporary holding station on the way to long-term memory
C)was more important than long-term memory
D)was low-level memory
Q2) Why is the Aplysia such a popular animal for single-cell studies of learning?
A)Aplysia have neurons that are virtually identical from one individual to another.
B)Aplysia have greater learning abilities than other invertebrates.
C)Aplysia have short-term learning but not long-term learning.
D)Aplysia have only two neurotransmitters, one excitatory and one inhibitory.
Q3) Habituation and sensitization differ depending upon whether ____.
A)the effect is retroactive or proactive
B)the response grows weaker or stronger
C)the animal's behavior changes or fails to change
D)it occurs in all species or just mammals
Q4) The UCR and the CR are always the same.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe how habituation is demonstrated in memory research on invertebrates?
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Chapter 13: Cognitive Functions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The left hemisphere is connected to skin receptors mainly on the ____ half of the body,and controls muscles mainly on the ____ side of the body.
A)left; right
B)left; left
C)right; left
D)right; right
Q2) The best description of oxytocin may be that it ____.
A)stimulates the brain's reward centers
B)increases attention to important social cues
C)acts much like endogenous opiates
D)really is the "love hormone"
Q3) Which of the following is more likely to be present in people with dyslexia?
A)weak eye muscles
B)larger than normal corpus callosum
C)stuttering
D)bilateral symmetry in the cortex
Q4) Most people use only one hemisphere for most tasks.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is Broca's apahsia and which areas of the brain does it affect?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) What Bleuler meant by schizophrenia was a split between ____ and ____ aspects of experience.
A)emotional; behavioral
B)emotional; realistic
C)intellectual; behavioral
D)emotional; intellectual
Q2) As an addiction develops,many of its effects,especially the enjoyable effects,decrease,a phenomenon known as____.
A)tolerance
B)craving
C)withdrawal
D)abstinence
Q3) A serious side effect that develops in some people after prolonged use of neuroleptic drugs is ____.
A)tardive dyskinesia
B)attention deficit disorder
C)saccadic eye movements
D)seasonal affective disorder
Q4) Describe the differences between antagonists and agonists.
Q5) Define major depression.
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Chapter 15: Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) The view of the brain from above is called the ____ view.
A)anterior
B)ventral
C)dorsal
D)posterior
Q2) The universe could have been different in many ways,nearly all of which would have made life impossible
A)True
B)False
Q3) The underlying mechanisms of behavior are similar across species. A)True
B)False
Q4) Chalmers explanation of the mind-body problem has largely laid the issue to rest. A)True
B)False
Q5) List and explain the "three Rs" of animal research.
Q6) Abolitionists maintain that animals do not have the same rights as humans. A)True
B)False
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