Behavioral Neuroscience
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Behavioral Neuroscience explores the biological foundations of behavior by examining the interplay between the brain, nervous system, and behavior. This course covers key topics such as neural communication, sensory and motor systems, neuroplasticity, hormones, learning, memory, emotion, and psychiatric disorders. Students gain insight into experimental methods, animal models, and the latest research in understanding how neural activity shapes perception, cognition, and behavior. Emphasis is placed on integrating findings from molecular, cellular, and systems neuroscience to build a comprehensive understanding of the biological principles underlying human and animal behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Biological Psychology 12th Edition by
James W. Kalat
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15 Chapters
1794 Verified Questions
1794 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
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Sample Questions
Q1) What structure is composed of two layers of fat molecules that are free to flow around one another?
A)the endoplasmic reticulum
B)a ribosome
C)a mitochondrion
D)the membrane
Answer: D
Q2) In what direction does a local neuron transmit information?
A)through its dendrites to cell body to axon
B)through its axon to cell body to dendrites
C)only toward the cell body
D)equally well in any direction
Answer: D
Q3) What will most affect the speed of an action potential?
A)the strength of the stimulus
B)the time since the last action potential
C)the length of the axon
D)the resistance of the membrane
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Synapses
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Sample Questions
Q1) A normal,healthy animal never contracts the flexor muscles and the extensor muscles of the same leg at the same time.Why not?
A)When the interneuron sends excitatory messages to one, inhibitory messages go to the other.
B)Both muscles are mechanically connected in a way that makes it impossible for both to contract at the same time.
C)Such coordination is learned through prenatal movement.
D)Both muscles are controlled by branches of the same axon.
Answer: A
Q2) Spatial summation refers to ____.
A)multiple weak stimulations that occur in rapid succession
B)a decrease in responsiveness after repeated stimulation
C)multiple weak stimulations that occur at the same time
D)an increase in the strength of action potentials after repeated stimulation
Answer: C
Q3) The amount of temporal summation depends on the rate of stimulation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Anatomy and Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Damage to the basal ganglia would most likely result in ____.
A)a movement disorder
B)problems with visual perception
C)problems with auditory perception
D)a loss of pain sensation
Answer: A
Q2) The basal ganglia are a related cluster of cell bodies that are lateral to the.
A)meninges
B)hippocampus
C)hypothalamus
D)thalamus
Answer: D
Q3) The parasympathetic nervous system has ____.
A)long preganglionic and long postganglionic axons
B)long preganglionic and short postganglionic axons
C)short preganglionic and short postganglionic axons
D)short preganglionic and long postganglionic axons
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity
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Sample Questions
Q1) A strand of DNA serves as a template (model)for the synthesis of ____.
A)chromosomes
B)RNA
C)Proteins
D)Carbohydrates
Q2) Necrosis ____.
A)is a programmed mechanism of cell death
B)is cell death caused by an injury or a toxic substance
C)promotes the survival and growth of dendrites
D)promotes the activity of neurons
Q3) What is signaled by nerve growth factor (NGF)?
A)That a target cell has "accepted" an axon
B)Which target cell a growing axon should connect with
C)That axons should elongate as the body grows bigger
D)The need for new neurons to form in brain areas that are lacking in neurons
Q4) Early in development,the nervous system begins as a ____.
A)tube surrounding a fluid-filled cavity
B)spherical structure in the center of the embryo
C)diffuse system of cells scattered throughout the body
D)single layer of cells covering the heart and other internal organs
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Vision
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Sample Questions
Q1) Once within the cerebral cortex,the magnocellular pathway continues,with a ventral branch sensitive to ____.
A)details of shape
B)facial features
C)movement
D)brightness
Q2) Stereoscopic depth perception requires the brain to detect ____.
A)amblyopia
B)retinal disparity
C)strabismus
D)contrasting imagery
Q3) Color and brightness constancy are best explained by the ____ theory of color vision.
A)trichromatic
B)opponent-process
C)retinex
D)constancy
Q4) Describe the functional and anatomic differences between rods and cones.
Q5) What is prosopagnosia?
Q6) Describe the trichromatic,opponent-process,and retinex theories of color vision.
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Chapter 6: Other Sensory Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Morphine is effective in relieving ____.
A)pain on the skin
B)sharp pain
C)slow, dull pain
D)pain in the interior of the body
Q2) Meissner's corpuscles are ____.
A)elaborate neuron endings for touch
B)simple, bare neuron endings
C)bare endings surrounded by non-neural cells
D)important components of the blood
Q3) The current view of how we perceive high frequencies is based on ____.
A)the frequency of responses by each auditory neuron
B)volleys of responses by many auditory neurons
C)where along the basilar membrane neurons fire most rapidly
D)the ratio of firing among three types of receptors
Q4) Phase differences are useful for detecting localization of low frequency sounds.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the differences between labeled-line and across-fiber pattern chemical coding.
8
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Chapter 7: Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the name given to the synapse where a motor neuron's axon meets a muscle fiber?
A)neuromuscular junction
B)polar junction
C)muscle spindle
D)neurofiber synapse
Q2) Which parts of the brain deteriorate most strongly in Huntington's disease?
A)Pathways of neurons containing the neurotransmitter dopamine
B)The cerebellum and medulla
C)The caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus
D)The hippocampus and amygdala
Q3) Which activity is an example of a motor program in a human?
A)yawning
B)making a list
C)taking your first steps
D)learning how to drive
Q4) Activation of the Golgi tendon organs results in contraction of the muscle.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Briefly describe the cellular organization of the cerebellum.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Wakefulness and Sleep
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Sample Questions
Q1) If we compare either different species or different ages,what trend emerges?
A)The less total sleep, the higher the percentage of REM sleep
B)The more total sleep, the higher the percentage of REM sleep
C)The more activity during wakefulness, the higher the percentage of REM sleep
D)The more activity during wakefulness, the lower the percentage of REM sleep
Q2) Orexin,produced by neurons in the hypothalamus,appears to be necessary for
A)getting to sleep
B)waking up
C)raising body temperature
D)staying awake
Q3) When does sleep walking occur?
A)only during REM sleep
B)only during NREM sleep
C)during both stage 3 and 4 sleep
D)during the brief transition period between REM sleep and non-REM sleep
Q4) Dreams only occur during REM sleep.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the relationship between sleep and memory.
Q6) Discuss the leading theories on the biological perspectives on dreaming.
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Chapter 9: Internal Regulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which event would lead to eating a larger than normal meal?
A)increasing leptin levels
B)decreasing NPY levels
C)increasing NPY levels
D)damaging the lateral hypothalamus
Q2) The paraventricular nucleus normally inhibits meal size.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which hormone,released by the posterior pituitary,both raises blood pressure and enables the kidneys to reabsorb water?
A)vasopressin
B)prolactin
C)thymosin
D)ACTH
Q4) People who are lactose intolerant can consume a little milk,and larger amounts of ____,which are easier to digest.
A)cheese and yogurt
B)meats
C)fruits and vegetables
D)beans
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Reproductive Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Estradiol normally found in the bloodstream of a female rat fetus neither masculinizes nor feminizes its development because it is ____.
A)chemically converted to testosterone
B)bound to alpha-fetoprotein
C)dissolved in the fat supplies of the fetus
D)not effective on cells even if it did enter them
Q2) Nature's "default setting" is to make every mammal's external anatomy ____.
A)male
B)female
C)intermediate between male and female
D)fully both male and female
Q3) The sexually dimorphic nucleus is located in the ____.
A)thalamus
B)Wolffian ducts
C)anterior hypothalamus
D)male brain, only
Q4) There are obvious differences in external anatomy of homosexual humans compared to heterosexual humans.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Emotional Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Male aggressive behavior depends heavily on ____.
A)acetylcholine
B)estrogen
C)testosterone
D)dopamine
Q2) Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder are more likely to have a suppressed startle reflex.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A startle reflex occurs in response to ____.
A)grief
B)depression
C)anxiety
D)an unexpected loud noise
Q4) Depression is linked to ____ serotonin and aggressive behavior is linked to ____ serotonin.
A)low; low
B)low; high
C)high; low
D)high; high
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Chapter 12: The Biology of Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a major advantage of Aplysia for studies on the physiology of learning?
A)Their memories are more permanent than those of vertebrates.
B)There are no differences between one neuron and another.
C)There is great similarity of nervous system anatomy from one individual to another.
D)They have only one type of learning.
Q2) A burst of intense stimulation to a dendrite by one or more axons connected to it in a rapid series can be described as the ____.
A)long-term potentiation of the cell's response to stimuli
B)long-term inhibition of the cell's response to stimuli
C)potentiation of the cell's response to stimuli for a few seconds
D)inhibition of the cell's response to stimuli for a few seconds
Q3) It is believed that Hebbian synapses may be critical for ____.
A)associative learning
B)reflexes
C)loudness perception
D)color vision
Q4) Hippocampal damage impairs spatial memory.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Cognitive Functions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the "phi" phenomenon?
A)When one stationary object alternates with another, we see movement.
B)People who know each other well are likely to think the same thing at the same time.
C)The more times one has been depressed, the easier it is to become depressed again.
D)A sound heard at the same time as a visual stimulus seems to come from that object.
Q2) The planum temporale is located in the ____.
A)frontal lobe
B)parietal lobe
C)temporal lobe
D)occipital lobe
Q3) Split-brain patients suffer ____.
A)little or no impairment of overall intellectual performance
B)a lack of motor control
C)sensation deficits
D)memory deficits
Q4) Describe some of the research on in-group bias with respect to empathy and altruism.
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15
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Several studies on the role of genetics in autism have focused on ____ -enzymes that regulate the repair and replication of DNA and the production of certain types of RNA
A)topoisomerases
B)proteases
C)lipases
D)hydrolases
Q2) Which drug is used in the treatment of opiate addiction and has the advantage of producing a long-lasting effect so that the person visits a clinic three times a week instead of daily?
A)Antabuse
B)naloxone
C)LAAM
D)methodone
Q3) One potentially dangerous side effect of St.John's wort is that it ____.
A)increases the effectiveness of other medications the person may be taking
B)decreases the effectiveness of other medications the person may be taking
C)prevents the reuptake of serotonin
D)raises blood pressure after the person eats tyramine-rich food
Q4) Describe the differences between antagonists and agonists.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of psychologist would be most likely to study which brain regions and neurotransmitter systems were involved with schizophrenia?
A)clinical
B)biological
C)comparative
D)developmental
Q2) What is monism?
Q3) Abolitionists maintain that animals do not have the same rights as humans.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Chalmers explanation of the mind-body problem has largely laid the issue to rest.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Neurons ____.
A)convey messages to glands
B)have an oval or round shape
C)are typically very large
D)are usually smaller than glia
Q6) Discuss the four biological explanations of behavior.
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