Behavioral Neuroscience Final Exam
Course Introduction
Behavioral Neuroscience explores the biological foundations of behavior, focusing on how the brain, nervous system, hormones, and genes influence actions and mental processes. The course examines neural mechanisms underlying sensation, perception, movement, learning, memory, emotion, and motivation. Students gain insights into experimental methods, animal models, and human research techniques used to study brain-behavior relationships, as well as the neural basis of psychiatric and neurological disorders. This interdisciplinary field bridges psychology and biology, providing students with a comprehensive understanding of how physiological processes shape complex behaviors.
Recommended Textbook
Biopsychology 10th Edition by John P.
J. Pinel
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18 Chapters
2676 Verified Questions
2676 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Biopsychology As a Neuroscience
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The study of nervous system disorders is called __________.
Answer: neuropathology
Q2) The primary symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome is A) severe memory loss.
B) epilepsy.
C) insomnia.
D) dehydration.
E) obesity.
Answer: A
Q3) Research has now established that the brain is A) static.
B) immutable.
C) plastic.
D) white.
E) gray.
Answer: C
Q4) According to the text,__________ played a key role in the emergence of the field of biopsychology by writing a book published in 1949.
Answer: Hebb
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Chapter 2: Evolution, Genetics, and Experience
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Sample Questions
Q1) Animals with dorsal nerve cords are called
A) phyla.
B) chordates.
C) vertebrates.
D) mammals.
E) amphibians.
Answer: B
Q2) In many songbirds,the voice box or __________ is a double structure.
A) high vocal center
B) robust nucleus
C) syrinx
D) hypoglossal nucleus
E) archistriatum
Answer: C
Q3) DNA methylation and ___________ remodeling are two epigenetic mechanisms. Answer: histone
Q4) Describe the model of the biology of behavior that has been adopted by most biopsychologists.Use a diagram in your answer.
Answer: 50% for a verbal explanation of the model
50% for a diagram of the model
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The direction toward the back of your head is A) posterior.
B) dorsal.
C) inferior.
D) anterior.
E) ventral.
Answer: A
Q2) The subarachnoid space is just outside the A) neocortex.
B) arachnoid membrane.
C) arachnoid mater.
D) pia mater.
E) central canal.
Answer: D
Q3) There are several kinds of glial cells in the nervous system.Describe them and their functions.How is our understanding of glial cells currently changing?
Answer: 50% for a description of glial cell types and their function
50% for discussing recently discovered functions of glial cells
Q4) The almond-shaped nucleus of the anterior temporal lobe is the __________.
Answer: amygdala
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Chapter 4: Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an endocannabinoid neurotransmitter?
A) nitric oxide
B) aspartate
C) anandamide
D) THC
E) indolamine
Q2) Parkinson's disease is treated with
A) dopamine.
B) serotonin.
C) acetylcholine.
D) norepinephrine.
E) L-dopa.
Q3) Drugs that bind to a neurotransmitter's receptors on the postsynaptic membrane without activating them are
A) receptor blockers.
B) agonists of the neurotransmitter.
C) antagonists of the neurotransmitter.
D) both A and B
E) both A and C
Q4) The drug __________ is a muscarinic antagonist and pupil dilator.
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Chapter 5: The Research Methods of Biopsychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) A commonly used test of short-term memory is the __________ subtest of the WAIS.
Q2) A behavioral paradigm normally includes a method for
A) producing the behavioral phenomenon under investigation.
B) measuring the behavioral phenomenon under investigation.
C) recording brain activity.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Q3) Gene __________ techniques are used to create organisms that lack particular genes.
Q4) Which of the following brain lesion techniques is least likely to be associated with damage to major blood vessels?
A) aspiration lesions
B) electrolytic lesions
C) radio-frequency lesions
D) knife cuts
E) lobotomy
Q5) Your text describes three categories of paradigms for studying the behavior of laboratory animals.Name and describe the three categories,and describe one example of each.
Q6) The typical __________ maze contains a hidden escape platform.
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Chapter 6: The Visual System
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Sample Questions
Q1) In comparison to the photopic system,the scotopic system has more A) rods.
B) neural convergence.
C) receptors in the periphery of the retina.
D) sensitivity in dim illumination.
E) all of the above
Q2) According to Land's retinex theory,an object's color depends on A) its reflectance.
B) the color of the wavelengths that it reflects.
C) the dominant color of the various wavelengths that it reflects.
D) the particular wavelengths that it reflects.
E) the interactions between complementary receptors.
Q3) The amount of light reaching the retinas is controlled by two donut-shaped bands of contractile tissue called the A) pupils.
B) scleras.
C) corneas.
D) foveas.
E) none of the above
Q4) Most binocular neurons in monkey primary visual cortex display __________.
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Chapter 7: Mechanisms of Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The anterolateral system is particularly responsive to A) pain.
B) temperature.
C) tickle.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Q2) The inability to smell is called __________.
Q3) Sensory systems are hierarchical,parallel,and __________ segregated.
Q4) Unilateral damage to SI
A) eliminates the sense of touch in the contralateral hand.
B) eliminates the sense of touch in the ipsilateral hand.
C) produces contralateral neglect.
D) produces contralateral deficits in stereognosis.
E) both A and C
Q5) The perception of pitch in primates seems to occur in A) the thalamus.
B) one small cortical area just anterior to primary auditory cortex.
C) association cortex.
D) primary auditory cortex.
E) all areas of association cortex together.
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Chapter 8: The Sensorimotor System
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Sample Questions
Q1) During sensorimotor learning,
A) the locus of control is often shifted to lower levels of the sensorimotor hierarchy.
B) the locus of control is often shifted from conscious to unconscious control mechanisms.
C) individual responses are often integrated into continuous motor programs.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Q2) Recurrent collateral inhibition is mediated by A) cocontraction.
B) Renshaw cells.
C) Golgi organs.
D) muscle spindles.
E) reciprocal innervation.
Q3) The same basic movement (such as signing one's name)can be made in a variety of ways involving different limbs and muscles: This important principle is called motor
Q4) __________ is the ability to recognize objects by touch.
Q5) The particularly large pyramidal neurons of primary motor cortex are known as __________ cells.
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Chapter 9: Development of the Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The case of Genie emphasizes the role of
A) the brain in behavior.
B) experience in human neural and psychological development.
C) the brain in language.
D) language in learning.
E) neuroplasticity in development.
Q2) Embryonic cells that have the potential for unlimited renewal and have the ability to develop into different kinds of mature cells if they are transplanted to different sites are often called
A) daughter cells.
B) embryonic stem cells.
C) zygotes.
D) multipolar cells.
E) ectodermal cells.
Q3) The last part of the human brain to reach full maturity is the A) hippocampus.
B) prefrontal cortex.
C) amygdala.
D) occipital cortex.
E) hypothalamus.
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Chapter 10: Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cell death produced by activation of a cell's genetic program for suicide is called A) apoptosis.
B) necrosis.
C) an infarct.
D) gliosis.
E) a tragedy.
Q2) The general syndrome of mental illness and dementia associated with syphilis is called general __________.
Q3) The __________ phenomenon is a model of epileptogenesis.
Q4) Multiple sclerosis
A) attacks young adults.
B) is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter.
C) is a progressive disorder.
D) is a disease of CNS myelin.
E) all of the above
Q5) Huntington's disease is caused by a single mutated __________ gene.
Q6) A thrombus that takes a trip and gets lodged at another site is called an
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Chapter 11: Learning, Memory, and Amnesia
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first theories of Korsakoff's amnesia attributed it to mammillary body damage,but later evidence suggested that damage to the __________ is more likely the major contributing factor.
A) frontal cortex
B) hippocampus
C) mediodorsal nuclei
D) temporal infarction
E) cribriform plate
Q2) The NMDA receptor is a type of __________ receptor.
A) serotonin
B) glutamate
C) dopamine
D) GABA
E) nitric oxide
Q3) Summarize the evidence that the hippocampus is involved in memory for space.Describe three kinds of evidence,and reach a conclusion.
Q4) Discuss Korsakoff's syndrome and the amnesia associated with it.What areas of the brain have been linked to Korsakoff's syndrome,and what is the evidence for these links?
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Chapter 12: Hunger, eating, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) It seems clear that warm-blooded animals that have ready access to a variety of palatable foods eat far more than is optimal for their health.Evidence of this point comes from
A) studies of the superior health of humans who eat substantially less than others.
B) experiments on the effects of calorie restriction in many different species.
C) experiments linking blood glucose with brain damage in human patients.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Q2) Those mammals with ready access to a continuous supply of good food usually eat __________ each day.
A) three meals
B) one large meal
C) two large meals
D) three or fewer meals
E) many small meals, or snacks
Q3) The pancreatic hormone that is released during the fasting phase of metabolism is
Q4) Describe the three phases of energy metabolism,their function,and their regulation by pancreatic hormones.
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Chapter 13: Hormones and Sex
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text,the mamawawa is an African culture
A) whose sexual practices appear bizarre from the North American perspective.
B) in which the female is dominant.
C) in which weak males are castrated at puberty.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q2) If identified at birth in a genetic female,adrenogenital syndrome is typically treated by early
A) surgical correction of any abnormalities of the genitals.
B) the administration of cortisol.
C) the administration of testosterone.
D) both A and B
E) both A and C
Q3) Describe and discuss sexual dimorphisms of the mammalian brain.How do they develop? Include cyclic gonadotropin release,the sexually dimorphic nucleus,and the aromatization hypothesis in your answer.
Q4) All of the steroid hormones released by the gonads are also released by the __________ cortex.
Q5) The pituitary dangles from a stalk connected to the __________.
Q6) The most prevalent __________ is estradiol.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a change that signals the beginning of REM sleep?
A) a decrease in EEG amplitude
B) an increase in the tension of the muscles of the body core
C) an increase in the oxygen consumption of the brain
D) an increase in the irregularity of the pulse
E) an increase in EEG frequency
Q2) Identify three areas of the brain that are involved in the regulation of sleep.What is thought to be the function of each area? Be sure to describe the evidence that has implicated them.
Q3) Which of the following is a causal factor in some cases of insomnia?
A) sleeping pills
B) sleep apnea
C) nocturnal myoclonus
D) restless legs
E) all of the above
Q4) When narcoleptics fall asleep,they often go directly into __________.
Q5) Describe narcolepsy and its neural and molecular mechanisms.What symptoms tend to be related to the disorder? In your answer,be sure to describe relevant research on narcolepsy.
Page 16
Q6) __________ circadian cycles are those without zeitgebers.
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Chapter 15: Drug Addiction and the Brains Reward Circuits
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cocaine sprees are the product of the interaction between the high positive-incentive value of cocaine and the rapid development of A) tolerance.
B) alcohol.
C) schizophrenia.
D) paranoia.
E) convulsions.
Q2) Illustrated here is the location of the A) nucleus accumbens.
B) substantia nigra.
C) ventral tegmental area.
D) nigrostriatal pathway.
E) all of the above
Q3) Which of the following drugs is associated with severe dementia,gastritis,and cirrhosis of the liver?
A) alcohol
B) nicotine
C) morphine
D) cocaine
E) marijuana
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Chapter 16: Lateralization, language, and the Split Brain
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Sample Questions
Q1) Left-handers are also known as
A) sinestrals.
B) carminatives.
C) minor hemisphere dominants.
D) dextrals.
E) none of the above
Q2) According to the Wernicke-Geschwind model,word salad results from damage to __________.
Q3) Evidence that the perception of music is lateralized comes from demonstrations that
A) the left ear is superior to the right in the melodic dichotic listening test.
B) the right ear is superior to the left in the melodic dichotic listening test.
C) left temporal-lobe damage is more likely than right temporal-lobe damage to disrupt musical abilities.
D) both A and C
E) both B and C
Q4) The discovery of the lateralization of language abilities is usually attributed to __________ even though Dax reported the relationship before he did.
Q5) The corpus callosum is the largest cerebral __________.
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Chapter 17: Biopsychology of Emotion, stress, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) LeDoux and his colleagues found that bilateral lesions to the __________ blocked auditory fear conditioning but that bilateral lesions to the __________ did not.
A) septum; lateral geniculate nucleus
B) frontal lobe; cingulate
C) medial geniculate nucleus; auditory cortex
D) hypothalamus; septum
E) hippocampus; medial geniculate nucleus
Q2) Each amygdala is
A) a single nucleus.
B) a cluster of many nuclei.
C) actually two distinct structures.
D) actually three distinct structures.
E) composed of a medulla and a cortex.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a symptom of the Kluver-Bucy syndrome?
A) aggression
B) sexual activity directed at inappropriate objects
C) lack of fear
D) consumption of almost anything that is edible
E) a tendency to investigate objects with the mouth
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Chapter 18: Biopsychology of Psychiatric Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Iproniazid is to imipramine as A) tricyclic antidepressant is to MAO inhibitor.
B) cheese is to yogurt.
C) MAO inhibitor is to tricyclic antidepressant.
D) depression is to mania.
E) mania is to depression.
Q2) Common verbal tics of Tourette's disorder include A) echolalia.
B) coprolalia.
C) palilia.
D) all of the above
E) both A and C
Q3) Antipsychotic drugs,such as clozapine,were not part of the first generation of antipsychotic drugs,and they do not have a high affinity for D receptors.This group of antipsychotic drugs are called __________ antipsychotics.
Q4) Describe three animal models of anxiety.What is the problem with using them to screen potential anxiolytic drugs?
Q5) Depression for which there is no apparent external cause is called __________ depression.
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