Behavioral Neuroscience Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Behavioral Neuroscience explores the biological foundations of behavior, focusing on how the brain, nervous system, and neurotransmitters influence actions, emotions, learning, memory, and mental health. The course examines fundamental principles of neuroanatomy, neural communication, sensory systems, and the neural mechanisms underlying motivation, emotion, sleep, and cognition. Students will investigate the effects of genetic, developmental, and environmental factors on the nervous system, as well as modern research methods and technologies used to study brain-behavior relationships. Through lectures, discussions, and hands-on activities, this course provides a comprehensive overview of how neural processes shape human and animal behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Biological Psychology 12th Edition by James W. Kalat
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15 Chapters
1794 Verified Questions
1794 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the all-or-none law,____.
A)all neurons produce an action potential at the same time or none at all
B)all of the extracellular sodium enters the axon, or none at all
C)once an axon reaches threshold, the amplitude and velocity of an action potential are nearly equal each time
D)neurons are either active all the time or not at all
Answer: C
Q2) The major disadvantage of a blood-brain barrier is that ____.
A)many chemicals can easily diffuse into the brain
B)so much glucose is required to maintain it
C)certain required chemicals must be actively transported
D)viruses cannot escape
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following is an advantage of having a resting potential?
A)The toxic effects of sodium are minimized inside the cell.
B)No energy is required to maintain it.
C)The cell is prepared to respond quickly to a stimulus.
D)All of the ions are maintained in equal concentrations throughout the cytoplasm.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Synapses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Specialized junctions between neurons are called ____.
A)nodes of Ranvier
B)spines
C)dendrites
D)synapses
Answer: D
Q2) When an action potential reaches the end of an axon,it evokes the release of neurotransmitters by opening ____ channels in the axon terminal.
A)chloride
B)bicarbonate
C)calcium
D)oxygen
Answer: C
Q3) Most of the known neurotransmitters are synthesized from amino acids.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Anatomy and Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) The prefrontal cortex is important for ____.
A)the processing of visual information
B)working memory
C)language acquisition
D)recognizing faces
Answer: B
Q2) Name and describe two different methods for measuring brain function (not anatomy).
Answer: PET scan: Uses an injection of a radioactive substance that,as it decays,produces gamma rays that are detected outside of the head.Greater radioactivity in a particular area indicates greater blood flow to that region.
fMRI: The presence of hemoglobin with oxygen acts differently in a magnetic field than hemoglobin without oxygen.Because active areas of the brain use more oxygen,these areas can be detected by MRI equipment that is sensitive to these magnetic differences.
Q3) The prefrontal cortex is important for working memory.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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5
Chapter 4: Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose "A" is a dominant gene for the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide and "a" is a recessive gene for the inability to taste it.Which couples could possibly have both a child who tastes it and a child who does not?
A)father AA, mother aa
B)father Aa, mother AA
C)father Aa, mother Aa
D)father AA, mother AA
Q2) Which of the following best characterizes how axons arrive at the correct target cells?
A)They follow electrical gradients.
B)They follow chemical gradients from the target cell.
C)Axons send out chemicals to the target cells.
D)Target cells send out branches for the axons to follow.
Q3) Units of heredity that maintain their structural identity from one generation to another are known as ____.
A)enzymes
B)mutations
C)nucleic acids
D)genes
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Vision
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Sample Questions
Q1) The optic nerves from the right and left eye initially meet at the ____.
A)optic chiasm
B)lateral geniculate nucleus
C)hypothalamus
D)cerebral cortex
Q2) Johannes Müller held that whatever excites a particular nerve establishes a special kind of energy unique to that nerve.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe the functional and anatomic differences between rods and cones.
Q4) Lateral inhibition is the reduction of activity in one neuron by activity in neighboring neurons.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which theory of color vision is best able to explain negative color afterimages?
A)retinex theory
B)opponent-process theory
C)trichromatic theory
D)kodak theory
Q6) What is prosopagnosia?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Other Sensory Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the frequency theory,the ____.
A)tectorial membrane vibrates in synchrony with the auditory nerve
B)auditory nerve is responsible for perception of sound but not loudness
C)basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, producing action potentials at the same frequency
D)basilar membrane is tuned to a specific frequency and vibrates whenever that frequency is present
Q2) The scala media makes up part of the ____.
A)tympanic membrane
B)middle ear
C)cochlea
D)ossicles
Q3) The current view of how we perceive sounds less than 100 Hz is based on ____.
A)the frequency of action potentials
B)the area along the basilar membrane that responds most strongly
C)volleys of responses
D)the asymmetrical positioning of an individual's ears
Q4) Describe how the auditory cortex parallels the visual cortex.
Q5) Briefly describe the behavioral effects of pheromones in humans.
Q6) Describe the basic mechanisms of taste receptors.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the relationship between the lateral tract and the medial tract?
A)Most movements are controlled by one or the other, but not both.
B)Most movements rely on both, which work in a cooperative fashion.
C)Most movements that are initiated by one are terminated by the other.
D)One is excitatory while the other is inhibitory.
Q2) The psychological disorders that accompany Huntington's disease could be mistaken for which of the following?
A)schizophrenia
B)dissociative identity disorder
C)antisocial personality disorder
D)bipolar disorder
Q3) Paths from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord are called the ____.
A)pyramidalspinal tracts
B)horizontalspinal tracts
C)dorsospinal tracts
D)corticospinal tracts
Q4) In Huntington's disease,earlier onset is associated with slower deterioration over time.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Wakefulness and Sleep
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mammals have circadian rhythms ____.
A)only for their sleep/activity cycle
B)only for frequency of eating and drinking
C)for sleep and body temperature only
D)for a variety of activities, including sleep
Q2) One part of the reticular formation that contributes to cortical arousal is known as the ____.
A)tectomesencephalon
B)pontomesencephalon
C)corticomesencephalon
D)rubromesencephalon
Q3) The circadian rhythm is reset by input from special ganglion cells in the retina.These ganglion cells are unusual in that they ____.
A)receive input from only cones, not rods
B)are located only in a doughnut-shaped band surrounding the fovea
C)respond directly to light, but respond very slowly
D)become active only at night or in very dim light
Q4) Describe brain function during REM sleep.
Q5) Discuss the leading theories on the biological perspectives on dreaming.
Q6) Describe how light resets the SCN.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Internal Regulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) CCK limits meal size.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The POA/AH monitors body temperature partly by monitoring ____.
A)its own temperature
B)brain temperature
C)heart temperature
D)the temperature of the thalamus
Q3) Most young mammals stop nursing,at least partly,due to the loss of what ability?
A)metabolizing the sugar in milk
B)sucking sufficiently
C)the Babinski reflex
D)digesting the fat in milk
Q4) Which group would most likely benefit from taking leptin?
A)anorexic patients
B)normal obese people
C)obese people with faulty leptin receptors
D)obese people who fail to produce leptin
Q5) Describe the different causes and mechanisms of osmotic thirst.
Q6) Describe the major brain mechanisms of eating and hunger.
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Chapter 10: Reproductive Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a never pregnant female rat is left for 5-10 days with a litter of babies,she will ____.
A)most likely kill them
B)initially ignore them, but eventually will become more attentive
C)initially be attentive, but eventually will ignore them
D)immediately respond to them as though she gave birth to them
Q2) The sexually dimorphic nucleus is located in the ____.
A)thalamus
B)Wolffian ducts
C)anterior hypothalamus
D)male brain, only
Q3) A hermaphrodite is an individual ____.
A)who dresses and lives as the opposite sex
B)whose genital anatomy is intermediate between male and female
C)with no sex drive
D)with too much testosterone
Q4) The sex hormones include the estrogens,progesterone,and the androgens.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the organizing effects of sex hormones and give specific examples.
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Chapter 11: Emotional Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Amygdala damage will result in the complete loss of the startle response.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which effect is likely to result from damage to the amygdala?
A)lack of a startle response
B)a normal startle response, but an absence of learned fears
C)an enhanced startle response and an enhanced response to learned fears
D)a fear response to any novel stimulus
Q3) According to a number of animal studies,under which condition is the probability of violent behavior greatest?
A)low acetylcholine turnover
B)high acetylcholine turnover
C)low serotonin turnover
D)high serotonin turnover
Q4) Some cats "play" with a mouse before killing it.How can this kind of behavior best be explained?
A)the cat's perverse pleasure in prolonging the mouse's pain
B)an instinctive need for additional pursuit behaviors prior to eating
C)a conflict between attack and escape behaviors
D)regression to infantile patterns of activity in the hippocampus
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The Biology of Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) H.M.was able to learn and remember ____.
A)people's names
B)how to find his way to a new residence
C)skills like mazes and puzzles
D)events in recent history
Q2) Retrograde transmitters ____.
A)are produced in the axon terminals
B)inhibit the postsynaptic cell
C)are broken down before they are released
D)are released by the postsynaptic cell
Q3) In learning,the basal ganglia ____.
A)integrates information over many trials
B)is involved in the development of flexible responses
C)is most responsive to delayed feedback
D)is critical to the formation of explicit memories
Q4) What is one explanation for why Lashley failed at finding the engram?
A)He used poor surgical methods.
B)Some memories do not depend on the cortex.
C)The engram is continually changing location in the cortex.
D)Classical conditioning had not been discovered yet.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Cognitive Functions
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Sample Questions
Q1) When heterosexual men were given oxytocin or a placebo prior to meeting an attractive woman,the oxytocin had no effect on single men,but it caused those in a monogamous relationship to stand farther away.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Deaf children who do not learn any language by the time they enter school ____.
A)can still learn English, but not sign language
B)can still learn sign language, but not English
C)will never develop much skill at any language
D)can master any language at any time
Q3) Damage to the optic nerve after it had crossed in the optic chiasm would result in the loss of vision in the ____.
A)contralateral eye
B)ipsilateral eye
C)contralateral visual field
D)ipsilateral visual field
Q4) Provide a detailed description of spatial neglect.
Q5) What is Broca's apahsia and which areas of the brain does it affect?
Q6) Discuss the three forms of monism
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which behavior is most suggestive of schizophrenia?
A)alternation between one personality and another
B)outbursts of unprovoked violent behavior toward strangers
C)deterioration of daily functioning with disorganized speech and behavior
D)episodes of being unable to remember certain events of one's past
Q2) The areas with the most consistent signs of abnormality in schizophrenics include the ____.
A)dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
B)medulla
C)occipital lobes
D)parietal lobes
Q3) Women who take folic acid pills during pregnancy have about ____ the probability of having a child with autism as compared to other women.
A)one-tenth
B)half
C)twice
D)ten times
Q4) Briefly describe the four major categories of antidepressant drugs
Q5) Describe the differences between antagonists and agonists.
Q6) What are the key symptoms of autism spectrum disorders?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person who studies the genetic predisposition to be aggressive in combination with early aggressive experiences is seeking a(n)____ explanation.
A)physiological
B)behavioral
C)evolutionary
D)ontogenetic
Q2) Chalmers explanation of the mind-body problem has largely laid the issue to rest.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If you are interested in clinical psychology,school psychology,social work,physical therapy,or another field that is on the outskirts of neuroscience,which resource would be a good choice?
A)The Journal of Neuroscience
B)Neurology
C)Scientific American Mind
D)Nature Neuroscience
Q4) What is monism?
Q5) List and explain the "three Rs" of animal research.
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