Behavioral Neuroscience Exam
Answer Key
Course Introduction
Behavioral Neuroscience explores the biological foundations of behavior, focusing on how the brain and nervous system influence psychological processes and actions in humans and animals. This course examines topics such as neural communication, sensory systems, hormones, emotion, learning, memory, and the effects of brain disorders, integrating perspectives from physiology, psychology, and molecular biology. Students will gain a comprehensive understanding of how behavior emerges from neural activity, as well as the experimental techniques used to investigate the brain-behavior relationship.
Recommended Textbook
Biopsychology 8th Edition by John P.J. Pinel
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18 Chapters
2675 Verified Questions
2675 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Biopsychology As a Neuroscience
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89 Verified Questions
89 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) There is more to biopsychology than the study of the neural mechanisms of behavior.The division of biopsychology that best illustrates this point is __________.
Answer: comparative psychology
Q2) According to the textbook, the science of biopsychology as it is practiced today emerged as a discipline in about A) 1549.
B) 1649.
C) 1749.
D) 1849.
E) 1949.
Answer: E
Q3) This drawing illustrates
A) Lima's original prefrontal lobotomy.
B) Moniz's original prefrontal lobotomy.
C) a transorbital prefrontal lobotomy.
D) both A and B
E) both B and C
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Evolution, Genetics, and Experience
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143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sensorimotor phase of birdsong development
A) occurs just before the sensory phase.
B) begins as soon a bird is hatched.
C) does not exist.
D) occurs only in females.
E) begins with subsong.
Answer: E
Q2) Arguably, the most ambitious scientific project of all time began in 1990: the A) American space program.
B) cognitive neuroscience project.
C) human genome project.
D) decade of the brain.
E) theory of evolution.
Answer: C
Q3) Social dominance plays a role in evolution because dominant animals produce more __________.
Answer: offspring
Q4) __________ RNA carries the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus of the cell to the cytoplasm of the cell body.
Answer: Messenger
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are multipolar cortical neurons with long axons, apical dendrites, and triangular cell bodies?
A) stellate cells
B) chandelier cells
C) pyramidal cells
D) granule cells
E) fusiform cells
Answer: C
Q2) How many left ventral roots are there in the human body?
A) 12
B) 31
C) 62
D) 124
E) none
Answer: B
Q3) The putamen and __________ compose the striatum.
Answer: caudate
Q4) __________ means "ring."
Answer: Limbic
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Chapter 4: Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sodium-potassium pumps are
A) integrators.
B) refractory.
C) transporters.
D) excitatory.
E) inhibitory.
Q2) The enzyme whose function is to deactivate a specific neurotransmitter once it has been released into the synapse is A) dopamine.
B) L-DOPA.
C) acetylcholine.
D) acetylcholinesterase.
E) a G protein.
Q3) The release of neurotransmitter molecules from buttons is often triggered by A) an efflux of sodium ions.
B) an influx of calcium ions.
C) the sodium-potassium pump.
D) the arrival of an AP at the axon hillock.
E) the release of calcium ions from the buttons.
Q4) Endorphins and __________ are endogenous opioids.
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Chapter 5: The Research Methods of Biopsychology
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In operant conditioning paradigms, the rate of a voluntary response is increased by __________ and decreased by __________.
A) positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement
B) reinforcement; punishment
C) brain stimulation; food
D) food; brain stimulation
E) conditional stimuli; unconditional stimuli
Q2) Bregma is
A) the point of intersection between two major skull sutures.
B) a common reference point for rat stereotaxic brain surgery.
C) a naughty word.
D) a type of electrode holder.
E) both A and B
Q3) Unlike subcortical lesions, cortical lesions are often made by
A) the electrolytic method.
B) aspiration.
C) radio-frequency current.
D) transection.
E) stereotaxic surgery.
Q4) Many cancer patients receiving chemotherapy develop conditioned __________.
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Chapter 6: The Visual System
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149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain color constancy.What important points does it make about the mechanisms of color vision? Describe a theory of color vision that can explain color constancy, focusing on the evidence that led to the theory.
Q2) In the monkey striate cortex, most binocular cells
A) are hypercomplex. B) are simple.
C) display ocular dominance. D) are sensitive to contrast.
E) both C and D
Q3) About __________% of retinal ganglion cell axons become part of the retina-geniculate pathways.
Q4) The discovery that there are three kinds of cones, each with a different absorption spectrum, supports the __________ theory of color vision.
Q5) Pairs of colors that produce white or gray when combined are A) achromatic. B) chromatic.
C) complementary.
D) opposite.
E) antagonistic.
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Chapter 7: Mechanisms of Perception
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150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Barn owls are often used in auditory research on sound localization because they have
A) excellent sound localization ability.
B) large ears.
C) a large auditory cortex.
D) all of the above
E) both B and C
Q2) Much of SII is
A) adjacent to SI.
B) in the lateral fissure.
C) in the parietal cortex.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q3) The destruction of a single dorsal root typically produces little somatosensory loss because
A) there are few cutaneous receptors in the back.
B) the dorsal roots soon degenerate.
C) there is considerable overlap between adjacent dermatomes.
D) the dorsal roots accurately regenerate.
E) none of the above
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Chapter 8: The Sensorimotor System
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Sample Questions
Q1) In general, the ventromedial descending motor tracts control the muscles of the A) thumbs.
B) fingers.
C) trunk.
D) toes.
E) face.
Q2) Current theories of the function of the basal ganglia emphasize their A) role in modulating motor output.
B) involvement in a variety of cognitive processes.
C) systematic anatomical organization.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Q3) Patients with __________ have particular difficulty making accurate movements when asked to do so, particularly when they are asked to make them out of context.
Q4) Two muscles whose contraction produces the same movement of a joint are said to be __________ muscles.
Q5) __________ is the ability to recognize objects by touch.
Q6) The only movements that are not greatly influenced by sensory feedback are __________ movements.
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Chapter 9: Development of the Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The general effect of synapse rearrangement is to
A) increase the number of different target cells innervated by each neuron.
B) increase the number of synaptic contacts received by each neuron.
C) focus the output of each neuron on fewer postsynaptic cells.
D) increase the ratio of axosomatic synapses to axodendritic synapses.
E) increase the number of synapses.
Q2) The course of human cognitive development is thought to reflect development in the
A) prefrontal cortex.
B) hippocampus.
C) secondary neocortex.
D) posterior parietal cortex.
E) hypothalamus.
Q3) Describe Williams syndrome and its genetic and neural correlates.
Q4) The __________ and social skills of people with Williams syndrome are remarkable considering their poor intellectual development.
Q5) When the lips of the neural __________ fuse, the result is the neural tube.
Q6) Discuss the developmental progression of totipotency, multipotency, and embryonic stem cells.Why are stem cells so interesting to medical researchers ?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity
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185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An epileptic aura is a psychological experience that A) precedes the onset of epilepsy.
B) precedes a convulsion.
C) follows a convulsion.
D) occurs during a convulsion.
E) replaces a convulsion.
Q2) After the axon of a standard multipolar neuron is cut, the cell body sometimes degenerates.This is called __________ degeneration.
A) anterograde
B) retrograde
C) proximal
D) distal
E) transneuronal
Q3) The diagnosis of epilepsy is applied to all people who have A) convulsions.
B) seizures.
C) scalp electroencephalography.
D) spontaneously recurring seizures.
E) clonus.
Q4) Tremor that is most pronounced during inactivity is a symptom of __________.
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Chapter 11: Learning, Memory, and Amnesia
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147 Verified Questions
147 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) On which of the following tests did H.M.display substantial long-term memory as indicated by improved performance?
A) Pavlovian conditioning test
B) block-tapping +1 test
C) mirror-drawing test
D) all of the above
E) both A and C
Q2) Which of the following amnesic patients suffered what appeared to be selective bilateral damage to the CA1 subfield of the hippocampal pyramidal-cell layer?
A) H.M.
B) P.B.
C) J.P.
D) R.B.
E) K.C.
Q3) It is widely believed that damage to the hippocampus is the major factor in the difficulties that medial temporal lobe amnesics have in recognizing objects.Why? What does relevant research on monkeys and rats suggest?
Q4) NMDA receptors respond to the __________ neurotransmitter.
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Chapter 12: Hunger, Eating, and Health
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145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The body stores energy as
A) fats.
B) glycogen.
C) proteins.
D) all of the above
E) both A and C
Q2) According to the text, an important question about anorexia nervosa that remains to be addressed is the following:
A) Why does anorexia occur mainly in females?
B) What social pressures trigger anorexia?
C) What keeps an overpowering hunger drive from kicking in once anorexic patients start to starve?
D) Why do many anorexics think they are fat?
E) What social pressures prevent anorexics from eating?
Q3) The first phase of energy metabolism, the one that occurs before the food is absorbed, is the __________ phase.
Q4) Describe the evidence that supported the notion of hypothalamic hunger and satiety centers.Then, describe and discuss the evidence that led to the rejection of this notion.
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Chapter 13: Hormones and Sex
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157 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following develop female internal reproductive ducts?
A) ovariectomized female fetuses
B) orchidectomized male fetuses
C) male fetuses injected with estrogen
D) both A and B
E) none of the above
Q2) When she matures, a genetic female fetus that has been injected with testosterone in its third month of development could very well have A) no internal reproductive ducts.
B) both male and female internal reproductive ducts.
C) male internal reproductive ducts, but no female ducts.
D) two complete sets of female internal reproductive ducts.
E) copious quantities of Müllerian-inhibiting substance.
Q3) The specific term for surgical removal of the testes is __________.
Q4) Releasing hormones are synthesized in the A) amygdala.
B) hypothalamus.
C) hippocampus.
D) pituitary.
E) gonads.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms
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186 Verified Questions
186 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Volunteers who are allowed to sleep without interruption after several nights of REM deprivation tend to get
A) almost no REM sleep.
B) less REM sleep than usual.
C) their normal amount of REM sleep.
D) significantly more REM sleep than usual.
E) a lot of REM sleep even when they are awake.
Q2) The 8-to-12 Hz EEG waves that are often associated with relaxed wakefulness are called
A) K complexes.
B) delta waves.
C) alpha waves.
D) sleep spindles.
E) REM waves.
Q3) The default theory is a theory of
A) slow-wave sleep.
B) REM sleep.
C) sleep deprivation.
D) dreaming.
E) insomnia.
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Chapter 15: Drug Addiction and the Brains Reward Circuits
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The strongest psychoactive ingredient of opium is __________.
Q2) According to Ramsay and Woods, the unconditional stimulus in drug conditioning experiments is
A) the drug.
B) what the experimenter measures.
C) the disruption of neural functioning that is directly produced by the drug.
D) the compensatory reactions to the conditional stimulus.
E) the test environment.
Q3) Many addicts who are motivated to "kick their habit" manage to stop taking their drug, but they often
A) relapse.
B) become tolerant.
C) recover.
D) regret it.
E) become ill for months.
Q4) As drug addiction develops, the control of drug taking seems to spread from the ventral to the dorsal __________.
Q5) Describe the dopamine theory of addiction.What is the current status? Be sure to support your conclusions with experimental results.
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Chapter 16: Lateralization, Language, and the Split Brain
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Sample Questions
Q1) Split-brain patients are those who
A) have been commissurotomized.
B) have split personalities.
C) are schizophrenic.
D) have cerebral commissures.
E) have only one hemisphere.
Q2) Theoretically, Broca's area is to Wernicke's area as
A) speech production is to speech reception.
B) speech production is to language comprehension.
C) conduction aphasia is to receptive aphasia.
D) the frontal operculum is to the arcuate fasciculus.
E) word salad is to conduction aphasia.
Q3) The hemispheres of split-brain patients can communicate with one another externally, through their behavior; this is called __________.
Q4) Apraxic patients display
A) muscle weakness on the left side of the body.
B) muscle weakness on the right side of the body.
C) abnormal spinal reflexes.
D) a serious disturbance of motor coordination.
E) none of the above
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Biopsychology of Emotion, Stress, and Health
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154 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Memory B cells
A) facilitate long-term memory.
B) facilitate short-term memory.
C) enable antibody-mediated immune reactions to occur more quickly if a particular antigen is encountered a second time.
D) are contained in macrophages.
E) act by phagocytosis.
Q2) On the basis of existing evidence, the following conclusion about ANS emotional selectivity is warranted:
A) The ANS does not respond in the same way to all emotional stimuli.
B) There is not enough evidence to conclude that there is a different pattern of ANS activity associated with each emotional state.
C) The ANS responds in approximately the same way to all emotional stimuli.
D) both A and B
E) both B and C
Q3) The discovery that stress increases susceptibility to infection led to the creation of a new field of research, __________.
Q4) Unlike false smiles, Duchenne smiles always involve the __________ muscles.
Q5) Lie detection is also known as __________.
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Chapter 18: Biopsychology of Psychiatric Disorders
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137 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Phobic disorders, panic disorders, and obsessive compulsive disorders are all categories of
A) schizophrenia.
B) depression.
C) anxiety disorder.
D) mania.
E) unipolar affective disorder.
Q2) Librium and Valium are
A) chlordiazepoxide and diazepam, respectively.
B) benzodiazepines.
C) commonly prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Q3) The first antidepressant drug was developed for the treatment of tuberculosis.This drug, __________, was found not to be effective against tuberculosis, but it left patients with tuberculosis less depressed about their condition.
Q4) Describe the development of conventional antischizophrenic drugs and how these drugs implicated dopamine in the mechanisms of schizophrenia.
Q5) Motor and verbal __________ are the primary symptoms of Tourette syndrome.
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