Behavioral Assessment
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Behavioral Assessment explores the principles, techniques, and applications of assessing behavior in various settings, including clinical, educational, and organizational environments. Students learn to identify target behaviors, select appropriate measurement tools, and implement direct and indirect assessment methods such as interviews, observations, checklists, and rating scales. The course emphasizes understanding functional relationships between behavior and environmental variables, analyzing data to inform intervention strategies, and ensuring ethical and culturally sensitive practices throughout the assessment process. By the end of the course, students are equipped to carry out effective behavioral assessments to guide evidence-based interventions.
Recommended Textbook
Clinical Psychology 8th Edition by
Timothy J. Trull
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Clinical Psychology: An Introduction
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Q1) A therapist regularly visits the homes and workplaces of his/her clients in an attempt to actively understand the clients' daily stresses.It is most likely that this therapist is a
A) clinical social worker.
B) clinical psychologist.
C) counseling psychologist.
D) psychiatric nurse.
Answer: A
Q2) Which component of the doctoral program in clinical psychology is specifically intended to develop a student's competence with regard to clinical work?
A) practicum experiences
B) internship
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Historical Overview of Clinical Psychology
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Q1) Jean Charcot is best known for
A) advocating for more humane treatment of the seriously mentally ill.
B) putting on dramatic clinical demonstrations of hypnosis.
C) co-creating the original version of DSM.
D) creating an early intelligence test that became the forerunner of the Stanford-Binet.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following personality tests requires the person to look at a picture and make up a story to describe what is happening in the picture,as well as what the people in the picture are thinking and feeling?
A) TAT
B) MMPI
C) Bender-Gestalt
D) Halstead-Reitan
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Current Issues in Clinical Psychology
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Q1) According to supporters of cultural competence in clinical psychologists,clinicians should
A) adhere to the "myth of sameness."
B) have expertise specific to the cultural backgrounds of those they serve.
C) avoid scientific mindedness.
D) all of the above
Answer: B
Q2) Dr.Spring,a clinical psychologist,has been treating individuals in a private practice setting since the 1970s.In what respect does her professional practice today,in a managed care environment,likely differ from her professional practice in the '70s and '80s?
A) the length of treatment she can provide
B) the type of treatment she can provide
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above
Answer: C
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5
Chapter 4: Research Methods in Clinical Psychology
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Q1) In an experimental procedure,the variable that is under the control of the experimenter is known as the __________ variable.
A) dependent
B) extraneous
C) independent
D) matching
Q2) Researchers on a college campus conduct an epidemiological study regarding criminal activity.They interview students about their personal histories of criminal activity,and the students underestimate the amount of criminal activity in which they have participated.This inaccuracy is probably due to
A) retrospective reporting.
B) social desirability.
C) either of the above
D) neither of the above
Q3) External validity is essentially
A) the strength of the cause-effect relationship.
B) irrelevant to experimental research.
C) assured by using a double-blind procedure.
D) generalizability to situations beyond the specific study context.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Diagnosis and Classification of Psychological Problems
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Q1) Structured diagnostic interviews
A) increase diagnostic reliability over unstructured interviews.
B) do not yet exist, but are being developed for both Axis I and Axis II disorders.
C) yield equally reliable diagnoses for all DSM-IV-TR disorders.
D) more than one of the above
Q2) What is the function of each axis of DSM-IV-TR?
Q3) In DSM-IV-TR,clients are diagnosed along __________ axes.
A) three
B) four
C) five
D) six
Q4) In DSM-IV-TR,Axis V is used to
A) indicate the presence of personality disorders or mental retardation.
B) indicate the presence of clinical disorders other than personality disorders and mental retardation.
C) list relevant medical conditions.
D) quantitatively estimate an individual's overall level of functioning.
Q5) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the "disability or dysfunction or impairment" definition of abnormal behavior?
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Chapter 6: The Assessment Interview
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Questions
Q1) Dr.Lyons has developed an interview that assesses for a temporary psychiatric syndrome.When he collects data and calculates the one-month test-retest reliability,the figure is low.Which of the following is a possible explanation for this low figure?
A) People's symptoms changed over the one-month time frame.
B) People were bored or fatigued on one or both administrations.
C) either of the above
D) neither of the above
Q2) A clinical psychologist develops a clinical interview to assess for the presence of alcohol abuse and dependence.In evaluating the interview,the psychologist conducts a study that compares people's current scores on this interview with their current scores on a well-established paper-and-pencil measure of alcohol abuse and dependence.What kind of validity does this study appear to be assessing?
A) content validity
B) predictive validity
C) concurrent validity
D) discriminant validity
Q3) Briefly compare and contrast the following types of interview questions: open-ended,facilitative,clarifying,confronting,and direct.
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Chapter 7: The Assessment of Intelligence
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Q1) In general,the __________ of an intelligence test is the extent to which it measures what it is supposed to measure.
A) utility
B) validity
C) reliability
D) significance
Q2) According to Spearman,"g"
A) does not exist.
B) stands for "good" overall intelligence, which roughly translates to scores that are above average.
C) represents general intelligence.
D) is one of the seven primary types of intelligence.
Q3) How did changes in educational policy during the late 19th century influence the measurement of intelligence?
Q4) The correlation between IQ scores and grades in school is approximately A) .85.
B) .50.
C) 0. D) -.25.
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Chapter 8: Personality Assessment
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Q1) In which situation below would it be most appropriate to use the MMPI-2?
A) Dr. Vilas has been hired by an automotive company to screen individuals applying for jobs with the company.
B) Dr. Viviano is interested in assessing for generalized anxiety disorder in a large group of nursing home residents.
C) Dr. Vinton is interested in the psychological functioning of individuals facing felony assault charges.
D) Dr. Venka would like insight into the psychodynamic functioning of soldiers returning from their tours of duty.
Q2) A weakness of the factor analytic strategy of test construction is
A) its reliance on expert opinion over empirical data.
B) that items that measure the same thing may actually be measuring the wrong thing.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above
Q3) Describe the TAT,and briefly summarize its administration and scoring procedures.Identify two general guidelines for interpreting the TAT.
Q4) Summarize the content validation approach to objective test construction.
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Chapter 9: Behavioral Assessment
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Q1) ALL BUT WHICH of the following is a disadvantage of naturalistic observation?
A) Compared to other methods, naturalistic observation methods are relatively new and untested.
B) Clinical psychologists are ethically bound to ensure that people are not observed without their knowledge
C) It is expensive to maintain trained observers.
D) It is not always practicable to observe individuals outside of institutional settings.
Q2) Todd,Jamal,and Samuel are trained observers for a research project.Just after completing their training,their interrater reliability is very high.However,over time and without their awareness,their observations converge less and less closely.The term for this phenomenon is
A) observer drift.
B) fading agreement.
C) rating separation.
D) observer spread.
Q3) Describe three distinct ways that a cognitive-behavioral assessment may be conducted.
Q4) Describe two distinct types of observer error,and provide an example of each.
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Chapter 10: Clinical Judgment
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Q1) In what ways might clinical judgment and interpretation be improved?
Q2) Describe a position that integrates the clinical and actuarial approaches to clinical judgment and interpretation.What role(s)does the clinician play in such an approach?
Q3) ALL BUT WHICH of the following is good advice when it comes to report writing?
A) Make sure the report addresses the referral question(s).
B) Include information that is detailed and specific to the client.
C) Write more than one version of the report in certain special situations.
D) All of the above is good advice.
Q4) "Barnum" statements
A) are overly positive in tone.
B) exaggerate people's characteristics, similar to fun-house mirrors.
C) are so general as to be true of almost everyone.
D) are more negative or pessimistic than warranted.
Q5) Summarize Dr.Paul Meehl's primary complains in his paper,"Why I Do Not Attend Case Conferences." You need not use the terms he used,as long as you accurately convey the concepts.
Q6) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the quantitative,statistical approach to clinical judgment and interpretation? When is it especially valuable?
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Chapter 11: Psychological Interventions
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Q1) Most therapists view openness to the therapeutic process as
A) a positive indication for outcome.
B) a mild form of psychopathology.
C) a symptom of Dependent Personality Disorder.
D) none of the above
Q2) Describe at least three distinct challenges that arise in the context of providing psychotherapy to children that do not arise in psychotherapy with adults.
Q3) Rogers (1957)stated that empathy,warmth,and genuineness were __________ for therapeutic change.
A) necessary and sufficient
B) neither necessary nor sufficient
C) necessary but not sufficient
D) sufficient but not necessary
Q4) Which of the following is NOT among the common factors of psychotherapy effectiveness?
A) the expert role of the therapist
B) contingency management
C) the therapeutic alliance
D) none of the above
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Chapter 12: Psychotherapy: The Psychodynamic Perspective
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Q1) Anna O.
A) was one of Freud's first psychoanalysis patients.
B) presented for treatment with severe depressive symptoms.
C) demonstrated that psychoanalytic clients can develop strong emotional attachments to their analysts.
D) more than one of the above
Q2) According to Freud,the positive and constructive aspects of human behavior,such as sex,hunger,and the creative arts,are attributable to A) the superego.
B) the ego.
C) Thanatos.
D) Eros.
Q3) What advice would you offer to a therapist on making interpretations in therapy? Be sure to make at least three separate recommendations.
Q4) Compare and contrast the three structures of personality proposed by Freud.
Q5) Define both insight and working through,and tell how they relate to each other in psychoanalysis.
Page 14
Q6) How do problems at each of Freud's psychosexual stages contribute to adult personality?
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Chapter 13: Psychotherapy: Phenomenological
Humanistic-Existential Perspective
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Q1) Rogers' theories of personality and psychotherapy were influenced by the approaches of Otto Rank and Jessie Taft,who emphasized
A) early childhood experiences as causative factors in adult psychopathology.
B) the importance of the therapeutic relationship and clients' freedom to exert their wills in therapy.
C) the curative powers of identifying and adopting meaningful goals in life.
D) none of the above
Q2) Compared to psychoanalysis,client-centered therapy de-emphasizes A) biological urges.
B) self-determination.
C) the here-and-now.
D) all of the above
Q3) According to existentialism,the fundamental human characteristic is A) the search for meaning.
B) the desire for rational thought patterns.
C) the struggle between biological drives and societal norms.
D) the tendency toward self-actualization.
Q4) Identify at least two major activities of therapists providing client-centered therapy.Also,identify at least three therapist behaviors that are explicitly discouraged.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Psychotherapy: Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives
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Q1) Susan is a client with a phobia of airplanes who is seeing Dr.Williams,a behavioral therapist.Which of the following should occur during systematic desensitization?
A) Dr. Williams decides the order of the items that Susan generates for her anxiety hierarchy.
B) Dr. Williams teaches Susan to relax by audiorecording instructions for tensing and relaxing various muscle groups.
C) Dr. Williams has Susan list 20 ways in which her fear of flying has negatively affected her life.
D) Dr. Williams explains to Susan the rationale for the desensitization treatment, using professional jargon.
Q2) In systematic desensitization,who constructs the hierarchy?
A) the client alone
B) the therapist alone
C) the client and therapist together
D) a neutral third party
Q3) Summarize the rationale of exposure therapy and identify at least three features that enhance its effectiveness.
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Chapter 15: Group Therapy, Family Therapy, and Couples Therapy
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Q1) Which of the following scenarios truly constitutes family therapy?
A) Dr. Cash, who is seeing a 14-year-old girl with binge-eating disorder, invites the girl's mother in for the last 10 minutes of each session to explain what they worked on and how the mother can best support her daughter's recovery.
B) Dr. Carlisle is seeing Max, a 66-year-old male with severe anxiety symptoms, and every few weeks Max's wife or grown daughter participate in the session to share their impressions of Max's progress.
C) Dr. Cameron meets regularly with Jonah, Julia, and their parents to discuss how each family member contributes to Jonah's self-destructive behavior, as well as ways to change their maladaptive patterns of interaction.
D) all of the above
Q2) Describe briefly at least four of the curative factors of group psychotherapy proposed by Yalom (1975).
Q3) According to transactional analysis,the preferred ego state is
A) parent (positive).
B) adult (positive).
C) child (positive).
D) more than one of the above
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Chapter 16: Community Psychology
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Q1) A meta-analysis of primary prevention programs for children and adolescents (Durlak & Wells,1997)concluded that
A) such programs actually had unintended, negative effects on the majority of participants.
B) the average participant in such programs demonstrated a better outcome than at least 50% of those in control groups.
C) the positive effects of such programs were limited to the specific problem behaviors targeted.
D) the positive effects of such programs did not endure over time.
Q2) Explain how the concept of empowerment is important to the field of community psychology.
Q3) What is consultation,and what role does it play in community psychology?
Q4) Community psychologists tend to see psychological problems as primarily due to A) poor fit between people and environments.
B) people's inadequate coping styles.
C) cognitive distortions in people at large.
D) inadequate environments.
Q5) Identify at least four primary functions of self-help groups.How may professionals best contribute to the success of these groups?
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Chapter 17: Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine
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Q1) Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding ethnicity and cancer?
A) The incidence of common forms of cancer varies across ethnic groups.
B) The mortality rates from common forms of cancer vary across ethnic groups.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above
Q2) Dr.Baker is a health psychologist,and he is developing a program for the local elementary schools to deter children from taking up smoking.Based on the available research,which of the following interventions is likely to be LEAST effective for this purpose?
A) Focusing on dire health consequences, such as cancer or emphysema, that may occur after years of smoking.
B) Teaching smoking refusal skills through peer modeling and role plays.
C) Offering video recorded presentations that focus on the peer/social influences on smoking.
D) Conducting discussion groups to monitor children's attitudes toward and knowledge about smoking.
Q3) Define self-efficacy,and explain the importance of this concept for health psychology.
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Chapter 18: Neuropsychology
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Q1) Ted has been an alcoholic for 20 years and is experiencing brain damage due to poor nutrition.The most likely diagnosis in this case is
A) beriberi.
B) Alzheimer's disease.
C) Huntington's chorea.
D) Korsakoff's psychosis.
Q2) Paul Broca
A) is the most widely-known critic of current neuropsychological test batteries.
B) championed the practice phrenology in the 19th century.
C) determined via autopsy the area of the brain used for motor speech.
D) more than one of the above
Q3) Which of the following is true regarding brain structure and function?
A) The left hemisphere of the brain is thought to be more involved in language functions than the right hemisphere of the brain.
B) The right hemisphere of the brain is thought to be more involved in visual-spatial skills than the left hemisphere of the brain.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above
Q4) Compare and contrast the Halstead-Reitan and the Luria-Nebraska test batteries.
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Chapter 19: Forensic Psychology
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Q1) Dr.Beatty,a forensic psychologist,has been contacted to serve as an expert witness for an upcoming court case.How will it be determined whether her testimony is admissible in court?
A) Her testimony will be admissible if she possesses all the necessary credentials (doctoral degree from an accredited program, postdoctoral training, board certification).
B) Her testimony will be admissible if it is generally accepted by others in her professional field.
C) Her testimony will be admissible if it is generally accepted by others in her own and other related professional fields (e.g., psychiatry).
D) Her testimony will be admissible if the trial judge deems it to be relevant and valid.
Q2) Identify at least four questions a forensic psychologist should address when performing a child custody evaluation.
Q3) What two general questions should guide a forensic psychologist's evaluation for criminal insanity? Identify several factors the psychologist should examine in order to answer these two questions.
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