Behavior Modification
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Behavior Modification is a course that examines the principles and techniques used to change maladaptive behaviors and promote adaptive behaviors in various settings, such as schools, clinics, and workplaces. The course covers foundational concepts of operant and classical conditioning, reinforcement, punishment, and behavioral assessment. Students learn to design, implement, and evaluate behavior intervention plans using evidence-based strategies, ethical considerations, and data-driven decision-making. Case studies and real-world applications are used to illustrate the effectiveness of behavior modification techniques for individuals and groups across the lifespan.
Recommended Textbook
Learning and Behavior 7th Edition by
James E. Mazur
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13 Chapters
339 Verified Questions
339 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: History, background, and Basic Concepts
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a child learns the concept of house before the concept of floor,this learning
A)is evidence for Aristotle's principle of contiguity
B)is evidence against Aristotle's principle of contiguity
C)is evidence for James Mill's theory of complex ideas
D)is evidence against James Mill's theory of complex ideas
Answer: D
Q2) During the course of brain operations with human subjects,Penfield found that electrical stimulation of specific areas of the cerebral cortex
A)caused patients to report vivid visual and auditory sensations
B)produced irreversible damage to the neurons that were stimulated
C)caused patients to experience pain
D)led to dreams that the patients described in detail when they awoke
Answer: A
Q3) Studies with rats raised in enriched environments have shown that their brains
A)have larger synapses
B)have more branching of dendrites
C)are heavier
D)all of the above
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Innate Behavior Patterns and Habituation
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A reaction chain differs from a fixed action pattern in that it
A)is innate
B)is a sequence of behaviors
C)is more adaptive to the current environmental conditions
D)may be found in only one species
Answer: C
Q2) To support the theory that language is an innate human ability,researchers have shown that
A)a specific part of the human brain is essential for speech
B)a specific part of the human brain is essential for language comprehension
C)human languages throughout the world have certain features in common
D)all of the above
Answer: D
Q3) In the Solomon and Corbit opponent-process theory,the b-process is said to be
A)a pleasant emotional reaction
B)an unpleasant emotional reaction
C)unaffected by repeated trials
D)slow to reach its maximum level
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the classical-conditioning treatment of nocturnal enuresis,the sound of the buzzer or alarm is
A)the US
B)the CS
C)the UR
D)the CR
Answer: A
Q2) The Associationists' principle of contiguity has trouble explaining the comparison between
A)short-delay conditioning and long-delay conditioning
B)short-delay conditioning and simultaneous conditioning
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b
Answer: B
Q3) In aversive counterconditioning treatment for alcoholism,the taste of alcohol is
A)the US
B)the CS
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Theories and Research on Classical Conditioning
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One phenomenon that taste-aversion learning shares with other types of learning is
A)generalization gradients
B)conditioned inhibition
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b
Q2) The Rescorla-Wagner model predicts that in a series of trials with a single,novel CS,the increase in associative strength per trial
A)will be the same on every trial
B)will be greatest on the first few trials
C)will be greatest on the last few trials
D)will be greatest in the middle of training
Q3) According to the Rescorla-Wagner model,compared to a less salient CS,a more salient CS will receive
A)stronger conditioning
B)weaker conditioning
C)the same amount of conditioning
D)inhibitory conditioning
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Basic Principles of Operant Conditioning
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Thorndike's explanation of the learning that took place in his puzzle box involved all of the following except
A)the animal's knowledge
B)the animal's satisfaction
C)a strengthening of S-R connections
D)the law of effect
Q2) Skinner's explanation of his superstition experiment made use of the concept of A)interim behaviors
B)terminal behaviors
C)accidental reinforcement
D)none of the above
Q3) The biggest problem with the superstition explanation of autoshaped behaviors is that
A)autoshaped responses persist even when each response cancels the reinforce delivery
B)the autoshaped response is sometimes very different from the unconditioned response to the reinforcer
C)the form of the autoshaped response varies with the type of reinforcer that is used
D)autoshaped responses do not disappear with extensive training
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Reinforcement Schedules: Experimental
Analyses and Applications
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Behavioral marital therapy can include
A)a contingency contract
B)behavior exchange
C)training in communication and problem-solving skills
D)all of the above
Q2) If an animal doubles its response rate on a variable-interval schedule,the rate of reinforcement
A)will double
B)will not change
C)will usually increase slightly
D)will decrease
Q3) Extinction is usually slowest after reinforcement on a A)continuous reinforcement schedule
B)fixed-ratio schedule
C)variable-ratio schedule
D)fixed-interval schedule
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Chapter 7: Avoidance and Punishment
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a token system,if a person loses points for using bad language,this is an example of
A)differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
B)overcorrection
C)response cost
D)a technique that does not work
Q2) When flooding is used as behavior therapy,it is important to
A)make sure that a session continues until the patient's fear decreases
B)keep each session short
C)keep the patient relaxed throughout the treatment
D)keep the patient uninformed about what will occur during treatment
Q3) Various experiments have shown that avoidance responding
A)will not be acquired unless there is an external CS
B)will be acquired without an external CS if the passage of time is a reliable signal for shock
C)will not be acquired if the only effect of a response is to reduce the rate of shocks
D)none of the above
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9
Chapter 8: Theories and Research on Operant Conditioning
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Functional analysis of unusual behaviors,such as self-injurious behavior,has shown that these behaviors sometimes occur because
A)they are reinforced with attention
B)they may produce automatic reinforcement
C)they may be reinforced by escape from unpleasant tasks
D)all of the above
Q2) In their experiments on the operant conditioning of heart rate,Miller and DiCara
A)were able to reinforce heart-rate increases
B)were able to reinforce heart-rate decreases
C)were able to control heart rate with a discriminative stimulus
D)all of the above
Q3) An advantage of applying Premack's principle in behavior modification is that
A)one does not have to watch the patient to decide what reinforcer to use B)one does not always have to use physical items as reinforcers
C)activities are stronger reinforcers than physical items
D)all of the above
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Chapter 9: Stimulus Control and Concept Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following response rules is consistent with the relational theory of stimulus control-
A)choose the greener of the two stimuli
B)of the three stimuli,choose the one of intermediate brightness
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b
Q2) Experiments on learning sets have shown that
A)animals cannot generalize from one problem to another if the stimuli of the two problems are completely unrelated
B)animals can learn to pay attention to a certain stimulus dimension,such as color
C)animals can learn to ignore a certain stimulus dimension,such as color
D)some species acquire learning sets much more quickly than others
Q3) Students interested in improving their study habits should
A)study in many different locations to avoid boredom
B)force themselves to study for a certain time period (such as one hour)whether they feel like it or not
C)study a particular subject at different times on different days
D)none of the above
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11
Chapter 10: Comparative Cognition
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In his critique of research on animal language,Terrace argued that
A)chimpanzees rely heavily on simple imitation of their trainers
B)chimpanzees use almost no consistent word order,or grammar
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b
Q2) Keeping track of what responses or tasks you need to make next is an example
A)proactive interference
B)retroactive interference
C)prospective coding
D)retrospective coding
Q3) Another name for short-term memory is
A)working memory
B)reference memory
C)abstract memory
D)concrete memory
Q4) Studies have shown that chimpanzees can solve problems involving A)analogies
B)transitive inference
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b
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Chapter 11: Learning by Observation
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26 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on observational learning has shown an increase in actual suicides after suicides are seen
A)in television soap operas
B)in television news stories
C)in movies on television
D)all of the above
Q2) Research suggests that a child will be more likely to develop a strong achievement motivation if
A)the child's parents use reinforcement and punishment to encourage the child to develop high standards
B)the child observes models who have high standards for their own behavior
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b
Q3) Evidence for observational learning in the conservation task has been found
A)in people but not animals
B)in animals but not people
C)in both people and animals
D)in neither people nor animals
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13
Chapter 12: Learning Motor Skills
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a slow positioning task in which feedback is given after each trial is over,such as turning a pointer toward an unseen target,delay of feedback has
A)little or no effect on learning or performance
B)a small but temporary effect on the rate of learning
C)a small but permanent effect on performance
D)a large and permanent effect on performance
Q2) A characteristic of a motor program is that it
A)involves a sequence of responses
B)makes use of sensory feedback to guide the successive movements
C)is innate
D)all of the above
Q3) The finding that delay of feedback on slow positioning tasks does not have much of an effect on learning can be interpreted as
A)evidence supporting the importance of reinforcement in motor learning
B)evidence against the importance of reinforcement in motor learning
C)evidence supporting the guidance hypothesis of motor learning
D)evidence against the guidance hypothesis of motor learning
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14
Chapter 13: Choice
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Sample Questions
Q1) A strategy not advisable for a person who wants to stop spending money impulsively is
A)destroy your credit cards
B)do not bring a lot of money when you go shopping
C)carry a picture of some expensive item for which you are saving in your wallet
D)never make a shopping list
Q2) A strategy not advisable for a person who wants to lose weight is
A)purchase only foods that are low in calories
B)purchase only foods that can be prepared quickly
C)reinforce yourself with some non-food item or activity for passing up dessert
D)put pictures or other stimuli around the kitchen to remind you of your long-term goal
Q3) According to the matching law,if presented with concurrent VR 20 and VR 60 schedules,what percentage of a subject's responses will be made on the VR 20 schedule-
A)100%
B)75%
C)0%
D)either a or c
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