Course Introduction
Basic Psychology Study Guide Questions
Basic Psychology provides an introduction to the fundamental principles and concepts of psychology, exploring the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. Students will learn about the major theories, research methods, and areas of study within psychology, including biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions. The course emphasizes critical thinking, ethical considerations, and the application of psychological knowledge to everyday life, equipping students with a foundational understanding of how psychological factors influence individuals and groups.
Recommended Textbook
THINK Psychology 2nd Edition by Abigail A. Baird
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18 Chapters
2429 Verified Questions
2429 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Modern approaches to psychology __________.
A) are becoming more and more mutually exclusive of each other.
B) have become more and more dominated by behavioral and biological approaches. C) have become increasingly dominated by Freudian and mentalistic approaches. D) tend to complement each other, with each approach contributing in its own way to our understanding of human behavior.
Answer: D
Q2) Luther is a graduate student in clinical psychology,and his thesis research centers around uncovering useful treatments for generalized anxiety disorder in college undergraduates.The main question he is asking is,"What are the most effective treatments for reducing the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in college undergraduate students." Which goal of psychology is Luther's research exploring?
A) Description
B) Explanation
C) Prediction
D) Control
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Research Methods
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140 Verified Questions
140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your textbook presents three different types of descriptive statistics.Which of the following is,in fact,an example of an inferential statistic?
A) Measures of normal and skewed distributions
B) Measures of central tendency
C) Measures of variability
D) Frequency distributions
Answer: A
Q2) What is the relationship between the p-value of a study and its statistical significance?
A) The higher the p-value, the greater the statistical significance.
B) The p-value is unrelated to the level of statistical significance.
C) The p-value is equal to the statistical significance.
D) The lower the p-value, the greater the statistical significance.
Answer: D
Q3) Histograms and bar graphs are two ways of displaying a ____________.
A) frequency distribution
B) normal distribution
C) measure of central tendency
D) standard deviation
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: The Human Brain
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The __________ is the area between neurons through which nerve impulses travel.
A) synapses
B) dendritic separation
C) node of Ranvier
D) somatic breach
Answer: A
Q2) Which part of the human nervous system is referred to by the moniker "rest and digest?"
A) The sympathetic nervous system
B) The parasympathetic nervous system
C) The peripheral nervous system
D) The somatic nervous system
Answer: B
Q3) Which major structure of the brain is responsible for receiving and directing most sensory input to the different lobes of the cerebral cortex?
A) The corpus callosum
B) The thalamus
C) The hypothalamus
D) The limbic system
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Genetics and Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Not all human behaviors and actions can be explained in terms of genetics and heredity,and those who try to engage in such wide-sweeping explanations are making the __________ fallacy.
A) universalistic
B) deterministic
C) biological
D) evolutionary
Q2) Infant __________ refer to a set of innate traits in humans.
A) adaptations
B) reflexes
C) development
D) adjustments
Q3) A pair of chromosomes that form an X-like structure is joined in the middle.The place where the two strings meet is called a(n)__________.
A) chromosection.
B) chromochiasm.
C) central intersection.
D) centromere.
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The human brain is capable of distinguishing over 700 million different color variations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When attention is directed by our internal decisions,it is referred to as __________.
A) exogenous
B) intrasensory
C) extrasensory
D) endogenous
Q3) Which of the following is one of the tiny bones of the middle ear?
A) The semicircular canal
B) The cochlea
C) The stirrup
D) The eardrum
Q4) Which of the following is not one of the "skin senses"?
A) pain
B) movement
C) pressure
D) touch
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Chapter 6: Consciousness
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132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research into sleep needs,most people will sleep for approximately ___ hours per night when they are not interrupted by external events.The research also found that this amount of sleep led to productive performance and improved mood.
A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
D) 9
Q2) Most experts agree that meditation can be a powerful,natural antidote to anxiety and stress.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following hormones is the closest in its function to melatonin?
A) Prolactin
B) Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
C) Luteinizing hormone
D) Adenosine
Q4) The average human being will have over 100,000 dreams in his or her lifetime.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Learning
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134 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Ramirez is a researcher who wants to know the relationship between getting laid off or fired from a job and developing hypertension (high blood pressure).He believes that the negative stress associated with occupational difficulties can impair a body's ability to fight off illness.Dr.Ramirez is clearly involved in the specialty called
A) psychoneuroimmunology
B) physical psychology
C) neurophysiology
D) psycnoneurology
Q2) While it is easy to assume that observational learning has only negative outcomesviolence,profanity,eating disorders,aggressive behaviors - it is also true that there are some models who demonstrate both positive and helpful actions.These are called ________ models.
A) prosocial
B) altruistic
C) beneficent
D) deluvian
Q3) The term "reinforcer" is synonymous with "reward."
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process of directing your attention to a specific stimulus and then converting that stimulus to a form that can be stored is called __________.
A) encoding
B) attending
C) retrieval
D) integration
Q2) Of the sins of memory that are described by Daniel Schacter,some are sins of omission,and some are sins of commission.How does he define sins of commission?
A) Sins that cause the memories we retrieve to be inaccurate or intrusive.
B) Sins that cause us to forget information.
C) Sins that affect those around us more than ourselves.
D) Sins that involve maligning the memories of other people.
Q3) In 1999,psychologist Daniel Schacter put forth a theory that was entitled the seven sins of memory.Which of the following was one of the types of sins Schacter detailed?
A) Sins of intrusion
B) Sins of exclusions
C) Sins of interference
D) Sins of position
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Chapter 9: Cognition and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The __________ state refers to a problem-solving condition in which a person has incomplete or unsatisfactory information.
A) initial
B) boggled
C) inadequate
D) misinformed
Q2) Scott is very convinced that all Jewish individuals are very cheap,and he is not afraid to share his views with other people.As he drives to the hospital to visit a cousin who has recently had surgery,he remains completely oblivious to the fact that his cousin is staying in the "Steinberg Cancer Center," which was made possible by the donation of a Jewish family.Scott's tendency to ignore evidence that contradicts his beliefs while actively seeking out information to support them is called the __________ bias.
A) availability
B) sustenance
C) representative
D) confirmation
Q3) The term intelligence is a general measure of how smart a person is.
A)True
B)False
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Human Development I: Physical, Cognitive, and Language Development
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you wanted to study age changes,which type of research would be the best to conduct?
A) A cross-sectional study
B) A longitudinal study
C) A quasi-experimental study
D) A naturalistic observation
Q2) Children often beg and plead with their parents to buy them the latest greatest new toy when Christmas comes along.When they get the new toy,however,parents often get aggravated when the toy seems to be forgotten about after just a few days or even a few hours.What developmental psychology concept explains this loss of interest in a stimulus that is no longer new?
A) cognition
B) disinhibition
C) habituation
D) boredom
Q3) All but which of the following are examples of secondary sex characteristics?
A) Development of the breasts
B) Growth of pubic hair
C) Growth of underarm hair
D) Growth of the testicles
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Chapter 11: Sex and Gender
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Johnny is taking a class in human sexuality,and he has been asked to make a list of body parts that would be considered primary sexual characteristics.Which of the following would not appear on that list?
A) Uterus
B) Testicles
C) Ovaries
D) Breasts
Q2) Social __________ theory emphasizes the role of cognition in motivation and the importance of expectations in shaping behavior.
A) acquisition
B) gender
C) cognitive
D) learning
Q3) Studies comparing male and female leaders have found all but which of the following?
A) Women tend to be more democratic.
B) Men tend to stare more at other people.
C) Men are more likely to praise others for their good ideas.
D) Women are more welcoming of subordinates' participation in decision making.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Human Development II: Social Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many parents worry about the amount of imaginary play in which their children engages.Having studied the developmental theories that discuss the various benefits of play,what would you advise these parents?
A) Children who engage in too much imaginary play before the age of 10 have a statistically significant increase in their chance of developing schizophrenia later in life.
B) Children who engage in imaginary play are likely to be having social difficulties, which is why the other children are unwilling to play with them.
C) Children who engage in imaginary play are just going through a phase, and it has no real long-term consequences or benefits for a child's psychological health.
D) Children who engage in social fantasy role-play are more likely to have greater levels of self-confidence and self-control.
Q2) The process of socialization begins when we first interact with other children our own age, often in camp or in school.
A)True B)False
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Emotion and Motivation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The __________ theory states that workers decide how satisfied they feel with their jobs by comparing themselves to others.
A) relativistic
B) equity
C) expectancy
D) incentive
Q2) If you want to get help from a colleague on a difficult project,the best time to ask them is after they have received praise from the boss for their work on their own project.This is because people who are experiencing positive emotions tend to be more helpful to other people.
A)True
B)False
Q3) __________ is a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
A) Emotion
B) Motivation
C) Wanting
D) Safety
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15
Chapter 14: Social Psychology
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136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Making an initial request for a favor and then reducing the request so that it seems like less of a task or imposition is the __________ technique.
A) reciprocity
B) foot-in-the-door
C) lowball
D) door-in-the-face
Q2) Even as Leon is standing outside puffing away on an unfiltered cigarette,he is thinking to himself,"You know,this is really stupid.It's bad for me,and it makes me smell like an ashtray." Leon's discomfort - the divide between his attitude and his behaviorresults in __________.
A) behavioral perseveration
B) attitudinal shifts
C) cognitive dissonance
D) tangential cognitizing
Q3) A(n)__________ group consists of those people to whom a person feels affiliated.
A) reference
B) affiliation
C) influencing
D) comparison
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Health and Stress
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128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to your textbook,which of the following is monitored during biofeedback?
A) Body temperature
B) Sleep stages
C) Galvanic skin response
D) Heart rate
Q2) Even though hassles are thought of as minor inconveniences that lead to a small amount of stress,research suggests that they can build up and cause significant psychological or physical symptoms.In addition,the presence of __________ factors like living in an impoverished or high-crime neighborhood can compound the effect of hassles on an individual.
A) occupational
B) socioeconomic
C) educational
D) atypical
Q3) Which of the following is an example of aerobic exercise?
A) Running on a treadmill
B) Stretching
C) Weight lifting
D) Tai-Chi
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Personality and Individual Differences
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Carl Rogers and the humanistic theory of personality,which of the following is the crucial ingredient to helping people become their "real" selves?
A) unconditional positive regard
B) sympathy
C) genuineness
D) empathy
Q2) What is the purpose of a defense mechanism from the psychodynamic perspective?
A) To make sure that we make rational decisions that are based on reason and logic.
B) To make sure that people who are negative and can have a negative effect on our lives are kept outside of our consciousness.
C) To keep unpleasant thoughts and motivations in our unconscious mind.
D) To keep us from developing psychological pathologies that can cause problems in our lives.
Q3) __________ cultures emphasize people's interdependence.
A) Archaic
B) Collectivist
C) Anachronistic
D) Individualist
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18
Chapter 17: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The intense fear of having a panic attack in a public setting or situation may lead to fear of crowds,unfamiliar places,or situations from where escape may be difficult.This condition,which often accompanies panic disorder,is called __________.
A) avoidant personality disorder
B) social anxiety disorder
C) agoraphobia
D) social phobia
Q2) What does the term "schizophrenia" mean?
A) Split personality
B) Split reality
C) Split mind
D) Split identity
Q3) Asperger syndrome is thought to be a childhood disorder that bears a resemblance to autism.
A)True
B)False
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Psychological Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tardive dyskinesia is a potentially serious side-effect that can develop when a person is taking antipsychotic medication.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Antipsychotic drugs include SSRIs,MAOIs,and benzodiazepines.
A)True
B)False
Q3) While some people might be tempted to intentionally avoid unpleasant,stressful,or painful thoughts,__________ training suggests that actually focusing on unpleasant,negative thoughts in uncomfortable situations can help us change these thoughts.This technique suggests that increased awareness of our own subjective experiences is the key to improving our functioning.
A) EMDR
B) mediated exposure
C) Gesetalt awareness
D) stress inoculation
Q4) Interpersonal therapy is an offshoot and close relative of psychoanalysis.
A)True
B)False
Page 20
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