Basic Psychology
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Course Introduction
Basic Psychology introduces students to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The course covers fundamental topics including perception, learning, memory, emotion, development, and personality, as well as an overview of abnormal psychology and approaches to psychological treatment. Emphasis is placed on understanding key theories and research findings, as well as applying psychological concepts to everyday life. Students will also learn about the methods psychologists use to collect and analyze data, laying the groundwork for more advanced study in the field.
Recommended Textbook
Exploring Psychology 10th Edition by Myers
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16 Chapters
7540 Verified Questions
7540 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science
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475 Verified Questions
475 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research participants and research staff are unaware of which participants received a placebo and which participants received an actual drug.This illustrates
A) naturalistic observation.
B) the testing effect.
C) a confounding variable.
D) the double-blind procedure.
Answer: D
Q2) Questioning whether conclusions are warranted by the existing evidence best illustrates
A) critical thinking.
B) functionalism.
C) the biopsychosocial approach.
D) introspection.
Answer: A
Q3) When your best friend hears that you are taking a psychology course,she asserts that psychology is simply common sense.Explain why your awareness of both the limits of everyday reasoning and the methods of psychological research would lead you to disagree with your friend's assertion.
Answer: no answer
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Biology of Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared with fraternal twins,identical twins are ________ similar in physical appearance.Compared with unrelated look-alike pairs of individuals,identical twins report ________ similar personalities.
A) no more;more
B) more;no more
C) no more;no more
D) more;more
Answer: D
Q2) A car controlled by a computerized navigational guidance system is likely to respond more rapidly to sudden obstructions in its path than a car controlled by a human driver.This is primarily due to the fact that
A) a neuron's reaction is an all-or-none response.
B) an axon branches into junctions with many other neurons.
C) the fatty tissue layer that insulates axons slows the transmission of neural impulses. D) the speed of neural impulses is much slower than the speed of electricity through a wire.
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind
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407 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Melissa is a graduate student in a theological studies program.The fact that her dreams often involve abstract theological issues and biblical metaphors is best explained by
A) wish-fulfillment theory.
B) cognitive development theory.
C) neural activation theory.
D) memory consolidation theory.
Answer: B
Q2) "K2," also known as Spice,mimics
A) MDMA.
B) LSD.
C) THC.
D) heroin.
Answer: C
Q3) A recurring difficulty in falling or stay asleep is called
A) narcolepsy.
B) insomnia.
C) sleep apnea.
D) paradoxical sleep.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Developing Through the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared with children raised in Westernized cultures,children in Asian cultures grow up with a strong sense of
A) insecure attachment.
B) object permanence.
C) self-esteem.
D) family self.
Q2) In Erikson's theory,the sense of integrity achieved in late adulthood refers to the feeling that
A) one's life has been meaningful.
B) one is healthy and not dependent upon others.
C) one is acting ethically.
D) one's life is full of close friendships.
Q3) "I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes,you will do so because I said so!" This statement is most representative of a(n)________ parenting style.
A) preconventional
B) authoritative
C) formal operational
D) authoritarian
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Chapter 5: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Former Olympic decathlon champion Bruce Jenner became an Internet sensation after undergoing plastic surgery and transitioning to Caitlyn Jenner.Caitlyn is best described as
A) asexual.
B) neutered.
C) bisexual.
D) transsexual.
Q2) The first stage of the sexual response cycle is
A) a refractory period.
B) an excitement stage.
C) a plateau stage.
D) orgasm.
Q3) An integrated understanding of sexual motivation in terms of sex hormones,sexual fantasies,and cultural values is most clearly provided by the A) biological approach.
B) biopsychosocial approach.
C) evolutionary perspective.
D) social-cultural perspective.
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7
Chapter 6: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The monocular depth cue in which an object blocking another object is perceived as closer is
A) interposition.
B) relative height.
C) continuity.
D) linear perspective.
Q2) Evidence that people in a posthypnotic state have no difficulty consciously recalling everything they had experienced while under hypnosis would most clearly serve to challenge
A) frequency theory.
B) place theory.
C) dissociation theory.
D) the McGurk effect.
Q3) A floating ship is to the ocean water as ________ is to ________.
A) closure;continuity
B) brightness constancy;relative height
C) figure;ground
D) proximity;interposition
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8
Chapter 7: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) An action that influences the environment and is maintained by its consequences is called:
A) an unconditioned response.
B) an operant behavior.
C) a conditioned response.
D) a respondent behavior.
Q2) According to B.F.Skinner,human behavior is controlled primarily by:
A) external influences.
B) emotions.
C) unconscious motives.
D) conscious thoughts.
Q3) The smell of a mouthwash that repeatedly precedes the experience of a painful dental procedure first begins to trigger a conditioned anxiety response during the process of:
A) spontaneous recovery.
B) generalization.
C) acquisition.
D) discrimination.
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Chapter 8: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________ memory.
A) short-term
B) implicit
C) shallow
D) explicit
Q2) A good night's sleep is most likely to improve exam grades by supporting the process of:
A) priming.
B) tunnel vision memory.
C) memory consolidation.
D) mood-congruent memory.
Q3) Mentally rehearsing the glossary definitions of unfamiliar terms in order to remember them for a later test illustrates:
A) the peg-word system.
B) procedural memory.
C) effortful processing.
D) echoic memory.
Q4) A friend claims that the faster you read,the more you remember.Use your knowledge of effortful processing and effective encoding strategies to refute your friend's claim.
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Chapter 9: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Aptitude tests are to ________ as achievement tests are to ________.
A) current interests;past competence
B) past competence;current interests
C) current competence;future performance
D) future performance;current competence
Q2) If a test is standardized,this means that:
A) it accurately measures what it is intended to measure.
B) a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative pretested group.
C) most test scores will cluster near the average.
D) the test will yield consistent results when administered on different occasions.
Q3) Steve was sure he answered at least 70 questions correctly on his biology test.In fact,he was right on only 55 items.Steve's misjudgment of his test performance illustrates:
A) the framing effect.
B) confirmation bias.
C) belief perseverance.
D) overconfidence.
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11
Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) When people with severe obesity undergo bypass surgery that seals off part of the stomach,the remaining stomach then produces much less:
A) PYY.
B) orexin.
C) ghrelin.
D) insulin.
Q2) A newspaper advice columnist suggests that thinking can be voluntarily controlled and changed but that emotions are gut-level,biological reactions that can't be voluntarily controlled or modified.Use your knowledge of emotion research and theory to either support or refute the columnist's claim.
Q3) The _____ theory of emotion states that emotions arise from the perception and interpretation of bodily changes.
A) James-Lange
B) two-factor
C) Cannon-Bard
D) arousal
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Coping refers to a variety of methods used to:
A) avoid the adaptation-level phenomenon.
B) inhibit learned helplessness.
C) prevent the release of cortisol.
D) alleviate stress.
Q2) Continuously high levels of ________ are an indication that a person is at high risk for a future heart attack.
A) cortisol
B) serotonin
C) natural killer cells
D) B lymphocytes
Q3) Mindfulness meditation involves attending to our moment-to-moment experiences in a manner that is:
A) aimless.
B) humble.
C) nonjudgmental.
D) emotionally arousing.
Q4) Use your understanding of our biological responses to stressful situations to explain why relaxation and mindfulness meditation are associated with reduced stress and better health.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) U.S.President John F.Kennedy's gesture of stopping atmospheric nuclear tests began a series of reciprocated conciliatory acts that culminated in the 1963 atmospheric test-ban treaty.Kennedy's conciliatory gesture illustrated the potential value of A) mirror-image perceptions.
B) the mere exposure effect.
C) GRIT.
D) equity.
Q2) Opinion change resulting from incidental cues such as a speaker's attractiveness illustrates
A) central route persuasion.
B) peripheral route persuasion.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
Q3) Failing to understand the norms of the community into which we have recently moved is most likely to contribute to A) normative social influence
B) colliding cultures.
C) the chameleon effect.
D) conformity.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because Greta is an extravert,she frequently goes to parties,where she is encouraged to laugh and socialize with her friends.Because Jim is an introvert,he frequently spends weekends in the library,where it's easy to quietly reflect and study.Greta and Jim best illustrate what is meant by
A) behaviorism.
B) reciprocal determinism.
C) the self-serving bias.
D) the spotlight effect.
Q2) The major reason for criticism of the Rorschach test is that
A) no computer-aided tool has been designed to facilitate scoring of the test.
B) only a few of the many Rorschach-derived scores have demonstrated validity. C) the test discourages individuals from communicating openly in clinical interviews. D) the test can be used effectively only with individuals who are severely maladjusted.
Q3) Freud is to psychoanalytic theory as Allport is to ________ theory
A) behavioral
B) self
C) trait
D) social-cognitive
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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mental health workers are most likely to consider socially unusual behavior as disordered if it is
A) consciously motivated.
B) difficult to change.
C) biologically influenced.
D) personally distressful.
Q2) Dr.Garcia emphasizes that psychological disorders result from the interactive influences of individual genes,mood-related perceptions,and cultural definitions of normality and disorder.The doctor's emphasis best illustrates
A) moral treatment.
B) a biopsychosocial approach.
C) the medical model.
D) the DSM-5.
Q3) A response to the threat of future loss is to ________ as a response to past and current loss is to ________.
A) learned helplessness;a negative explanatory style
B) anxiety;depression
C) behavior;cognition
D) conditioning;biology
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) After surviving the loss of family members to the horrors of war,Jacinda developed an enlarged capacity to empathize with those who suffer and to care for those in need.Her response to stressful life circumstances best illustrates
A) long-term potentiation.
B) posttraumatic growth.
C) tardive dyskinesia.
D) neurogenesis.
Q2) Helen Mayberg and her colleagues have used ________ to manipulate activity in a neural hub that bridges the frontal lobes and the limbic system.
A) psychosurgery
B) antipsychotic drugs
C) deep-brain stimulation
D) neurogenesis
Q3) An important feature of client-centered therapy is
A) systematic desensitization.
B) transference.
C) free association.
D) active listening.
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17
Chapter 16: Exploring the Role of Industrial-Organizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Colette received an unusually high grade of A on her first biology test and a B+ on the second,even though she studied equally for both tests.Which of the following best explains Colette's deteriorating pattern of performance?
A) illusory correlation
B) the illusion of control
C) the random sampling effect
D) regression toward the mean
Q2) Managers who delegate authority and welcome team members' participation are said to excel in
A) structured interviews.
B) social leadership.
C) performance appraisal.
D) a directive management style.
Q3) Satisfied employees' positive moods at work have most clearly been found to enhance
A) a directive leadership style.
B) 360-degree feedback.
C) creativity and persistence.
D) strengths-based selection.
Page 18
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