Basic Psychology
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Course Introduction
Basic Psychology introduces students to the fundamental concepts, theories, and principles underlying human thought, behavior, and emotion. The course explores key areas of psychology including sensation and perception, learning and memory, development, motivation, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions. Through a combination of theoretical frameworks and real-world examples, students gain insight into the scientific methods psychologists use to study behavior and mental processes. This foundation provides a broad understanding of how psychological principles apply to everyday life and lays the groundwork for further study in the field.
Recommended Textbook
PSYCH 3rd Edition by Spencer A. Rathus
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14 Chapters
3208 Verified Questions
3208 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: What Is Psychology
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222 Verified Questions
222 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wilhelm Wundt and his students founded the school of psychology called __________.
Answer: structuralism
Q2) Which perspective dominated psychotherapy during the 1940s and 1950s?
A)sociocultural
B)humanistic-existential
C)cognitive
D)psychodynamic
Answer: B
Q3) In comparison to traditional psychoanalysts, neoanalysts place less emphasis on A)conscious choice.
B)unconscious processes.
C)scientific research.
D)psychotherapy.
Answer: B
Q4) The participants selected to take part in an experiment are called the __________ and must represent those to whom the results will be generalized.
Answer: sample
Q5) __________ describe apparent relationships among observed events.
Answer: Theories
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Chapter 2: Biology and Psychology
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257 Verified Questions
257 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would not be possible without the functioning of the nervous system?
A)ideals, thoughts, and plans
B)imagery and cognitions
C)behaviors, emotions, and cognitions
D)all of these
Answer: D
Q2) If a neurosurgeon stimulated a specific area of your brain and you felt heat in your left leg, it is likely he stimulated the A)motor cortex.
B)thalamus.
C)somatosensory cortex.
D)hypothalamus.
Answer: C
Q3) Most neurons are located in the peripheral nervous system.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) ___________ is a disruption in the ability to understand or produce language. Answer: Aphasia
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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230 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A visual disorder caused by brittleness of the lens is known as A)astigmatism.
B)presbyopia.
C)strabismus.
D)binocular acuity.
Answer: B
Q2) What is the most sensitive area of the retina?
A)blind spot
B)fovea
C)pupil
D)presbyopia
Answer: B
Q3) The __________ of ganglion cells in the retina form the optic nerve.
A)cell bodies
B)dendrites
C)axons
D)none of these
Answer: C
Q4) The skin senses include touch, pressure, _______, cold, and _______.
Answer: warmth; pain
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Chapter 4: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cocaine is classified as a(n) ____________.
Q2) Your little sister sat up in the bed the other night, began to talk incoherently, and moved about wildly. She is most likely experiencing A)a nightmare.
B)a sleep terror.
C)narcolepsy.
D)pseudomemories.
Q3) Users of LSD have reported all of the following <b>EXCEPT</b> A)expansion of consciousness.
B)experiencing vivid, colorful hallucinations.
C)remembering great insights after it wears off.
D)flashbacks.
Q4) Stimulants, such as amphetamines, are substances that act by increasing the activity of the A)respiratory system.
B)nervous system.
C)cardiovascular system.
D)digestive system.
Q5) ____________ are a group of narcotics that are derived from the opium poppy.
Page 6
Q6) ______________ in cigarette and cigar smoke lead to lung cancer.
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Chapter 5: Learning
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225 Verified Questions
225 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Delayed reinforcers are more effective than immediate reinforcers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following demonstrate how operant conditioning influences the behavior of children <b>EXCEPT</b>
A)Parents reward gender appropriate behavior and punish gender-inappropriate behavior.
B)Parents reward children for expressing attitudes that are similar to their own, and punish or ignore contradictory attitudes.
C)Peers choose to play with children who are generous and non-aggressive and avoid those who are aggressive.
D)Children learn to anticipate that thunder follows lightening.
Q3) What does the cognitive psychology view of classical conditioning state?
A)Organisms learn the relationships between events.
B)Organisms form mental representations and make predictions about events.
C)The focus is on the information learned by the organism.
D)All of these
Q4) A __________ schedule is one in which reinforcement is provided after a specific number of correct responses.
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Chapter 6: Memory: Remembrance of Things Past--And Future
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Sample Questions
Q1) The two types of explicit memory are ___________ and ___________.
Q2) The way in which we conceptualize our worlds, our beliefs, and our expectations are built around cognitive structures called A)schemas.
B)images.
C)icons. D)chunks.
Q3) Endel Tulving, the cognitive psychologist, classifies memories according to the A)type of information stored.
B)part of the brain in which material is stored.
C)ease of learning.
D)differences between short- and long-term memory.
Q4) Psychoanalysts believe that dissociative amnesia involves A)retroactive interference. B)repression.
C)proactive interference. D)false memory syndrome.
Q5) The three processes of memory are _________, __________, and __________.
Q6) The automatic ejection of painful memories and unacceptable urges from conscious awareness is called __________. Page 8
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Page 9
Chapter 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
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271 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________'s theory of intelligence is reminiscent of Aristotle's view in Greek philosophy.
A)Howard Gardner
B)J. P. Guilford
C)Robert Sternberg
D)Charles Spearman
Q2) What characteristics do experts hold in common when solving certain types of problems?
Q3) A weakness of the learning theory of language development is that
A)parents reinforce their children for the grammatical correctness of utterances.
B)children imitate the speech of their peers as well as of their parents.
C)cooing and crying are inborn.
D)two-word utterances develop in an invariant sequence around the world.
Q4) On the Binet-Simon scale, __________ age shows the intellectual level at which the child is functioning.
Q5) A(n) _________ is a specific procedure for solving a type of problem.
Q6) The tendency to respond to a new problem with the same approach that helped solve similar problems is termed a(n) ________ _________.
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Chapter 8: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Richard is a male who is attracted to both men and women. He is A)a gay man.
B)heterosexual.
C)bisexual.
D)cephalosporin.
Q2) Factors that can affect the accuracy of a polygraph test include all of the following <b>EXCEPT</b>
A)previous experience taking the test.
B)use of drugs or alcohol.
C)biting down on your tongue.
D)gender of the respondent.
Q3) The tendency toward homeostasis or a steady state would cause
A)a tired person to sleep.
B)a rich person to give money away.
C)a smart person to write a book.
D)a poor person to seek work.
Q4) Sensory stimulation, activity, exploration, and manipulation of the environment are all ________ motives.
Q5) __________ __________ are characterized by persistent, gross disturbances in eating patterns.
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Chapter 9: The Voyage Through the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) Support for Kohlberg's theory has been found in his view that A)moral reasoning follows a developmental sequence.
B)most people reach the post conventional level.
C)there are no prerequisites for the post conventional level.
D)some people may skip stages.
Q2) The authoritative parent demands
A)obedience as a virtue for its own sake.
B)compliance as a sign of respect.
C)reasonable, mature behavior.
D)unconditional love.
Q3) You find that your infant takes great pleasure in the game of peek-a-boo. What Piagetian concept explains this observation?
A)object permanence
B)deferred imitation
C)assimilation
D)preoperations
Q4) Postconventional moral reasoning involves considering broad ethical principles such as human rights.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 10: Personality: Theory and Measurement
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236 Verified Questions
236 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A projective test includes
A)ambiguous stimuli.
B)correct responses.
C)forced-choice format.
D)suggested answers given by the tester.
Q2) Trait theories are to _________ as behaviorist theories are to __________.
A)experience; heritability
B)heritability; biology
C)external factors; internal factors
D)heritability; environmental influences
Q3) Gender-typing is the process by which males and females come to display behavior patterns consistent with stereotypical masculine and feminine gender roles.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which best illustrates the concept of a defense mechanism?
A)Stacey learns karate.
B)Diane forgot to bring her textbook to class.
C)Laurie cannot remember being raped.
D)Michael always uses his car alarm.
Q5) Freud believed we have three psychic structures: id, ego, and _____.
Page 13
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Chapter 11: Stress, Health, and Coping
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196 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Life changes differ from daily hassles because
A)they can be positive and desirable rather than just negative.
B)they occur at irregular intervals rather than regularly.
C)both of these
D)none of these
Q2) What was Hans Selye's term for stress that is healthful?
A)stress
B)daily hassles
C)eustress
D)conflict
Q3) Regarding stress responses, males tend to __________ whereas females tend to __________.
A)face the action; escape to freedom
B)tend and befriend; withdraw
C)face the action; tend and befriend
D)escape to freedom; withdraw
Q4) Selye's three stages are alarm, reaction formation, and exhaustion.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the risk factors associated with Coronary Heart Disease?
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals who have experienced severe trauma or victimization may experience debilitating anxiety reactions months and years after the actual traumatic experience. For example, disaster victims or war veterans often have their first symptoms many months after the actual events. These patients are diagnosed as suffering from A)generalized anxiety.
B)neurosis.
C)post-traumatic stress disorder.
D)acute distress disorder.
Q2) You are drinking too much, smoking too much, and fighting with your family. You realize that these behaviors are __________ and you decide to seek help.
A)rare
B)self-defeating
C)bizarre
D)persecuting others
Q3) _____ are recurrent, anxiety-provoking thoughts or images that seem irrational and beyond control.
Q4) Behavior or mental processes are suggestive of psychological disorders when they involve faulty perception or interpretation of _____.
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Page 15
Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Freud considered dreams the __________.
A)royal road to the unconscious
B)window to the soul
C)path to the superego
D)path of least resistance
Q2) Martin is an alcoholic. He is currently in a treatment program in which he receives small prizes if he abstains from drinking alcohol. What is this an example of?
A)aversive conditioning
B)token economy
C)operant conditioning procedures
D)successive approximations
Q3) Psychotherapy is helpful in dealing with
A)severe psychological disorders, like schizophrenia.
B)mild adjustment problems, such as a change in employment.
C)dysfunctional habits, such as drinking.
D)all of these
Q4) Discuss the associations between psychotherapy and ethnicity. Why might some ethnic minority groups be less likely to seek psychotherapy?
Q5) Behavior therapy is also called _____.
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Chapter 14: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) An individualistic society is to __________ as a collectivist society is to
A)conformity; nonconformity
B)obedience; disobedience
C)nonconformity; conformity
D)social pressure; social freedom
Q2) Sources of prejudice include information processing and social categorization.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The rules that govern group decision making are called
A)social pressures.
B)social facilitation.
C)social decision schemes.
D)group laws.
Q4) The large survey study by Sprecher and her colleagues (1994) found that women are more likely than men to be willing to marry someone
A)older, but not good-looking.
B)less educated and younger.
C)good-looking but not older.
D)better educated and younger.
Page 17
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