Basic Psychology Exam Review
Course Introduction
Basic Psychology introduces students to the fundamental concepts, theories, and methods of the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The course covers essential topics such as biological foundations of behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, motivation, emotion, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social psychology. Through an exploration of both classical and contemporary research, students gain a broad understanding of how individuals think, feel, and act in various situations, laying the groundwork for further study in psychology and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology An Introduction 10th Edition by Benjamin Lahey
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17 Chapters
3025 Verified Questions
3025 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/73181
Sample Questions
Q1) Motives are internal states that activate behavior and give it direction.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) A gestalt is a:
A) basic component.
B) unified whole.
C) conditioned association.
D) purposeful behavior.
Answer: B
Q3) J.B.Watson was MOST impressed by the scientific approach of:
A) Edward Titchener.
B) Ivan Pavlov.
C) William James.
D) Wilhelm Wundt.
Answer: B
Q4) ____________ studied digestion in dogs prior to identifying the process he termed conditioning.
Answer: Ivan Pavlov
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Chapter 2: Research Methods in Psychology
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All statistically significant research findings necessarily have practical significance.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) A theory is a prediction,which is based on a hypothesis.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) In order for formal experiments to be valid,participants must be:
A) randomly assigned to experimental conditions.
B) all the same ethnicity,age,sex,etc.
C) observed in natural settings.
D) none of these.
Answer: A
Q4) In a study measuring people's anxiety after riding a roller coaster or a merry-go-round,the type of ride is the ____________ variable.
Answer: independent
Q5) Sigmund Freud developed his theories by using the ____________ method.
Answer: clinical
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Chapter 3: Biological Foundations in Behavior
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Wernicke's aphasia,a person can make normal speech sounds but cannot make sense out of the language spoken to them by others.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The reticular formation works to:
A) maintain muscle tone and cardiac reflexes.
B) filter sensory information.
C) regulate emotional arousal.
D) form new memories.
Answer: A
Q3) The pituitary gland is controlled by the;
A) hypothalamus.
B) autonomic nervous system.
C) hippocampus.
D) adrenal glands.
Answer: A
Q4) The language reception area located behind the auditory area in the left temporal lobe is called ____________.
Answer: Wernicke's area
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Chapter 4: The Interplay of Nature and Nurture
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82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When compared to male students,females students typically:
A) score higher on tests of mathematical reasoning.
B) make more scientific contributions to the field of mathematics.
C) reason more effectively.
D) get better math grades.
Q2) Compared to women,the greater relative size of the right hemisphere in men is consistent with better:
A) language skills.
B) physical coordination.
C) perceptual speed.
D) spatial abilities.
Q3) Ebert and Hyde (1976)began a program of selective breeding to test for the human behavior of:
A) patience.
B) aggression.
C) caution.
D) compassion
Q4) List three differences in brain structure between men and women and discuss how those differences may relate to differential cognitive or emotional functioning.
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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214 Verified Questions
214 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hearing the sound of which of the following is an example of a bone-conducted sound?
A) one's own chewing
B) ringing bell
C) earthquake
D) tapping toes
Q2) When the ear takes the physical vibrations of air and changes them to neural codes,the process is called:
A) translation.
B) transmission.
C) transduction.
D) transformation.
Q3) In pain research,researchers have identified ___________ distinct nerve pathways.
A) five
B) four
C) three
D) two
Q4) ____________ is a depth perception cue that results from the difference between images on each retina.
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Chapter 6: States of Consciousness
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189 Verified Questions
189 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) John has been using heroin for 2 weeks.He is craving it immensely and feels horrible when he doesn't have any heroin.These symptoms are MOST indicative of which of the following?
A) drug abuse
B) drug dependence
C) none of these,as 2 weeks is not long enough to show negative effects
D) overdosing
Q2) An individual who wakes up in a panic and has no recollection of an accompanying bad dream has most likely just experienced a(n)_____________.
Q3) How many stages of non-REM sleep are there?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
Q4) All of the following are associated with the use of hallucinogens EXCEPT:
A) frightening and dangerous "trips."
B) flashbacks.
C) anxiety and lack of muscle coordination.
D) physiological addiction.
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Chapter 7: Basic Principles of Learning
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197 Verified Questions
197 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) To 10-year-old Ethan,geometry seemed completely baffling at first.The idea of angles,parallel sides,and perpendicular sides just didn't seem to make sense.However,after weeks of practice and experience with drawing figures,Ethan seems to have no problem tackling the toughest of problems.You could say that Ethan has developed:
A) latent learning.
B) a learning set.
C) cognitive maps.
D) connections.
Q2) A(n)____________ is an inferred mental representation of a physical space.
Q3) Taste aversion differs from typical classical conditioning because:
A) it requires multiple pairings of the CS and the UCS.
B) it produces no measurable conditioned response.
C) the association can be learned in a single pairing of the CS and the UCS.
D) the learning can be easily extinguished.
Q4) A stimulus that automatically elicits a response with no prior learning is a(n):
A) neutral stimulus
B) conditioned stimulus
C) generalized stimulus
D) unconditioned stimulus
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Memory
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190 Verified Questions
190 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An important difference between visual information in the sensory register and auditory information in the sensory register is that the auditory information:
A) has a smaller storage capacity. B) can be held longer than visual information. C) cannot be held as long as visual information. D) is limited to about seven pieces.
Q2) Confabulation is characteristic of Korsakoff's syndrome.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The spreading activation model proposes that we form links between concepts because of their evolutionary significance.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Telling eyewitnesses that the person who committed the crime is in the lineup will help with accurate recall.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In chronic alcoholism,thiamine deficiency can lead to ____________.
Q6) Your memory for how to get dressed is a ____________ memory.
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Chapter 9: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the SATs accurately predict college success for white males but overpredict college success for females and African-American students,then the SATs are NOT:
A) reliable for women and African Americans.
B) properly standardized for any group.
C) objective.
D) valid for women and African Americans.
Q2) When working to solve analogies,better reasoners take more time:
A) encoding information than do poorer reasoners.
B) comparing alternative answers than do poorer reasoners.
C) identifying common characteristics in between pairs than do poorer reasoners.
D) inferring the relationship between the terms than do poorer reasoners.
Q3) By themselves,____________ are basically meaningless.
A) morphemes
B) sound bytes
C) phonemes
D) semantics
Q4) Louis Thurstone developed the Primary Mental Abilities Test.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The grammatical rules of a language are part of its ____________.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Developmental Psychology
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The key variable in happy aging is:
A) leading a quiet life.
B) being economically well off.
C) staying engaged in activities.
D) learning to be more passive.
Q2) Imprinting is:
A) a purely innate process.
B) a purely learned process.
C) both an innate and learned process.
D) neither an innate nor a learned process.
Q3) Summarize the physical changes associated with puberty for males and females.
Q4) When parents give lengthy lectures instead of simply enforcing the rules,they make the parenting mistake of ____________.
Q5) In studies with monkeys,monkeys who were isolated for the first 6 months of life were abusive and neglecting mothers as adults.
A)True
B)False
Q6) In the ____________ stage of cognitive development,infants learn to coordinate sensations and motor skills.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
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213 Verified Questions
213 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A firefighter runs into a burning house to save a complete stranger.The firefighter's behavior directly contradicts:
A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
B) Solomon's opponent-process theory of acquired motives.
C) the James-Lange theory.
D) the Yerkes-Dodson law.
Q2) Which of the following is a true statement about the origins of sexual orientation?
A) There is no evidence to support brain differences in heterosexual or homosexual persons.
B) Having a homosexual twin does not make one more likely to be a homosexual.
C) Birth order is not related to the development of homosexuality in females.
D) Later-born males are exposed to higher levels of prenatal testosterone and thus are less likely to be gay.
Q3) In terms of emotion,research suggests that cultural influences determine:
A) how emotions are expressed.
B) how emotions are experienced.
C) the degree of distinctiveness between fear and anger.
D) the number of emotions that are felt.
Q4) ____________ said that the need to aggress is inborn and instinctual.
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Chapter 12: Personality Theories and Assessment
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170 Verified Questions
170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to social learning theory,individuals are inherently selfish.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In Freudian theory,the executive of personality is the ____________.
Q3) According to Freud,dreams are an example of:
A) primary process thinking.
B) the morality principle.
C) defense mechanisms.
D) secondary process thinking.
Q4) According to Freud,the id uses secondary process thinking to get its needs met.
A)True
B)False
Q5) "There is opposition in all things." Which theorist would be MOST likely to agree with this statement?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Carl Rogers
C) Gorden Allport
D) Carl Jung
Q6) According to Abraham Maslow,the ultimate in completed growth is
14
Q7) Relate id,ego,and superego development to Freud's psychosexual stages.
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Chapter 13: Stress and Health
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the components of the Type A personality,the factor most directly related to heart disease is a particular kind of ____________.
Q2) Which of the following is particularly likely to be a hidden source of stress,because the situation looks so positive?
A) approach-approach conflict
B) avoidance-avoidance conflict
C) approach-avoidance conflict
D) multiple approach-avoidance conflict
Q3) In the Minnesota study cited in your text,3½ years following a diet program designed to reduce high blood pressure,what was the success rate?
A) 20%
B) 33%
C) 50%
D) 76%
Q4) Type A personalities tend to have:
A) overworked heart muscles and decreased lung capacity.
B) higher blood pressure and more cholesterol plaques.
C) a higher vulnerability to addictive substances.
D) increased immune system functioning.
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Chapter 14: Abnormal Behavior
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211 Verified Questions
211 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following,which is the LEAST likely cause of posttraumatic stress disorder?
A) being diagnosed with a fatal disease
B) witnessing terrorism
C) the unexpected death of a loved one
D) natural disasters
Q2) An obsession is an unwanted,distressing,and recurring ____________.
Q3) Regarding the controversy over dissociative identity disorder,which statement is accurate?
A) There is concrete evidence to support the conclusion that it involves the formation of more than one distinct personality.
B) Researchers are convinced that the disorder involves modeling of behaviors and reinforcement for those behaviors.
C) Although the exact mechanism behind the disorder is not understood,it appears that therapists can "create" dissociative personality disorder in individuals who are highly susceptible to suggestion.
D) In cases in which a very young child experienced severe emotional and physical abuse,dissociative identity disorder is real.
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Chapter 15: Therapies
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147 Verified Questions
147 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychotherapy does NOT include:
A) family therapy.
B) drug therapy.
C) dream interpretation.
D) social skills training.
Q2) Many well-designed studies suggest that electroconvulsive therapy is effective in the treatment of:
A) epilepsy.
B) panic attack disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) depression.
Q3) How are psychoanalysis and humanistic psychotherapy alike?
A) They both use dream interpretation as a technique.
B) They both believe that therapy should bring feelings into conscious awareness.
C) They both involve the therapist infusing their judgment about the client's underlying problems and proposed solutions.
D) They both believe that repressed sexual motives are at the root of emotional disturbance.
Q4) Explain why client-centered therapy is called "client-centered" therapy.
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Chapter 16: Social Psychology
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192 Verified Questions
192 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Latané and Darley,the presence of others may make us less likely to interpret a situation as an emergency.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Of the following,which is MOST consistent with research on the variables that influence attraction?
A) Familiarity breeds contempt.
B) Flattery will get you everything you want.
C) Birds of a feather flock together.
D) Playing hard to get increases desirability.
Q3) All of the following reduce the impact of the primacy effect EXCEPT:
A) knowledge of the existence of primacy effects.
B) the passage of time.
C) prolonged exposure.
D) a single inconsistent piece of information.
Q4) Social psychologists are interested in investigating the impact of:
A) emotions on health and development.
B) personal beliefs on performance and mastery.
C) other people on an individual's behaviors and attitudes.
D) temperament on child-rearing practices.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Psychology Applied to Business and Other Professions
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a strategy advocated by the direct instruction approach?
A) Leave children to discover new concepts on their own.
B) Only allow students to move on to the next level once they have mastered the current level.
C) Present new information to students in large amounts so they will be forewarned about how much they will have to learn.
D) Ask students to frequently perform what they are learning.
Q2) ____________ are more likely to be sentenced to death than white-collar workers.
Q3) Individuals who are opposed to capital punishment are generally ____________ likely to convict a criminal defendant.
Q4) How many businesses in the United States have instituted some type of program to increase employee fitness?
A) about 10,000
B) about 18,000
C) about 35,000
D) about 50,000
Q5) In a simulated management task,the ____________ exercise is frequently used to assess management skills.
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