Basic Psychology Exam Review
Course Introduction
Basic Psychology introduces students to the fundamental concepts, principles, and methods of psychology as a scientific discipline. The course explores major topics such as perception, learning, memory, motivation, emotion, development, personality, and psychological disorders. Students will also examine research methods and the application of psychological theories in everyday life, fostering an understanding of how psychological processes influence individual and group behavior. Through lectures, readings, and practical activities, the course aims to develop critical thinking and an appreciation for the role of psychology in understanding human experience.
Recommended Textbook
Experience Psychology 3rd Edition by Laura A. King
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14 Chapters
1836 Verified Questions
1836 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3060
Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a potential problem of using correlational studies in psychological research?
A)They fail to establish a clear causal relationship between variables.
B)They do not allow researchers to use just one variable to predict the movement of the other variable.
C)They cannot be used in situations where the issue of ethics is important.
D)They can be used to study the relationship between only two variables.
Answer: A
Q2) After careful observation, Dylan has stated a hypothesis that spending money on other people leads to greater happiness than spending money on oneself.In accordance with the scientific method, which of the following steps is Dylan most likely to take next?
A)He will evaluate the results of his experiment.
B)He will examine the prediction through empirical research.
C)He will conclude whether spending money on others can be a strong predictor of happiness.
D)He will publish the experimental results in a reputable journal.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior
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132 Verified Questions
132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ is sometimes referred to as the "master gland" because almost all of its hormones direct the activity of target glands elsewhere.
A)anterior thyroid gland
B)posterior adrenal gland
C)anterior pituitary gland
D)posterior parathyroid gland
Answer: C
Q2) Compare and contrast the nervous system and the endocrine system.
Answer: Neuroscientists have discovered that the nervous system and endocrine system are intricately interconnected.Both systems work together to control the body's activities.However, the nervous system and endocrine system do differ in a variety of ways.First, the parts of the endocrine system are not all connected in the way that the parts of the nervous system are.Second, the endocrine system communicates via hormones, whereas the nervous system communicates via electrical impulses and neurotransmitters.Hormones are released in the bloodstream and are transported throughout the body by the circulatory system.Thus, hormones move much more slowly than the neural impulses in the nervous system.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following parts of the eye are most likely to be affected for an individual who is color blind?
A)optic chiasms
B)rods
C)blind spots
D)cones
Answer: D
Q2) Jane is having trouble sleeping.As she sits in bed looking around the darkened room, she notices that her peripheral vision seems to be better than her central vision.This is because vision in low light conditions
A)depends on the rods.
B)depends on the cones.
C)doesn't require the use of the pupil.
D)doesn't require the retina.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: States of Consciousness
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nicotine raises _____ levels in the brain.
A)serotonin
B)GABA
C)dopamine
D)epinephrine
Q2) _____ is a sleep disorder in which individuals stop breathing because the windpipe fails to open or because brain processes involved in respiration fail to work properly.
A)Sleep apnea
B)Narcolepsy
C)Night terrors
D)Sleep deprivation syndrome
Q3) Jacob's friend Sarah loves the warmth she feels for everybody when she takes Ecstasy.Jacob warns her that repeated use of this drug could have lasting negative effects on the neurotransmitter
A)serotonin.
B)endorphin.
C)adenosine.
D)GABA.
Q4) Explain the distinction between automatic and controlled processes.
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Chapter 5: Learning
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following helps to explain drug habituation?
A)operant conditioning
B)latent learning
C)classical conditioning
D)discovery learning
Q2) _____ in classical conditioning is the weakening of the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent.
A)Generalization
B)Discrimination
C)Extinction
D)Latent learning
Q3) In classical-conditioning situations, the _____ is unlearned, but the _____ is learneD.
A)unconditioned stimulus/conditioned stimulus
B)unconditioned response/conditioned response
C)conditioned response/conditioned stimulus
D)conditioned stimulus/unconditioned stimulus
Q4) Discuss the distinction between associative learning and observational learning.
Q5) What is insight learning?
Q6) How does culture influence learning?
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Chapter 6: Memory
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the context of memory processes, which of the following scenarios best illustrates the process of encoding information?
A)Alex, a five-year-old boy, is reciting his alphabets.
B)Deborah is watching a movie in the theater.
C)Daniel is writing an essay on the dinosaurs he learned about last week.
D)Mike is painting a picture of a woman he used to know.
Q2) According to Baddeley's view of the three components of working memory, the _____ acts like a supervisor who monitors which information deserves our attention and which we should ignore.
A)visuo-spatial working memory
B)central executive
C)phonological loop
D)amygdala
Q3) According to Hermann Ebbinghaus,
A)most forgetting occurs long after we originally learned something.
B)most forgetting occurs soon after we originally learned something.
C)motivated forgetting is a good treatment for overcoming traumatic events.
D)motivated forgetting is a poor treatment for overcoming traumatic events.
Q4) Describe Baddeley's view of the three components of working memory.
Q5) Describe the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following characteristics is essential to the process of critical thinking?
A)mindfulness and open-mindedness
B)fixedness and divergent thinking
C)heuristics and creativity
D)inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning
Q2) _____ uses established rules to draw conclusions, whereas in _____, such rules are not established, and we may not know the consequences of evaluating and choosing alternatives.
A)Reasoning/decision making
B)Heuristics/algorithms
C)Creativity/reasoning
D)Heuristics/reasoning
Q3) _____ refers to a language's rules for word formation, whereas _____ refer to the meaning of words and sentences.
A)Phonology/semantics
B)Morphology/semantics
C)Phonology /pragmatics
D)Syntax /phonology
Q4) Discuss the similarities and differences between the human brain and a computer.
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Chapter 8: Human Development
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Megan is a 17-year-old girl who is interested in music.She wants to become a pop star and, therefore, has joined piano and vocal-training classes.According to Marcia's theory on identity status, which of the following dimensions of identity is being focused by Megan?
A)compensation
B)optimization
C)commitment
D)exploration
Q2) According to Erikson, who among the following people is expressing identity confusion?
A)Barney quit his job and is in pursuit of a job that is completely different from his previous job.
B)Dan is an architect who is happy with his job, and he has made many achievements in his career.
C)Peter tried learning to play a guitar and realized that he is not good at it, so he is planning to learn to play the piano.
D)Megan has suddenly isolated herself from her family and friends, after being rejected by a local music band.
Q3) Discuss the criticisms of Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
A)leads to decreased blood pressure.
B)causes slower heart rate.
C)causes rapid breathing.
D)leads to narcolepsy.
Q2) William has volunteered to work in a war-torn country to try and improve the lives of the residents there.The citizens currently have enough to eat and drink.According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what would these citizens be in need of next?
A)safety
B)esteem
C)belongingness and love
D)self-actualization
Q3) Motivation for sexual behavior is centered in the A)adrenal gland.
B)hypothalamus.
C)amygdala.
D)pituitary gland.
Q4) Explain the facial feedback hypothesis.
Q5) What are the obstacles in the pursuit of happiness?
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Chapter 10: Personality
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the personological approach to personality.
Q2) "Personology" refers to
A)an old, outdated term for personality psychology.
B)the study of the whole person.
C)the study of how individuals operate within groups.
D)the study of healthy, well-adjusted individuals.
Q3) Which of the following represents the correct sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages of development?
A)oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
B)anal, oral, phallic, latency, genital
C)phallic, oral, anal, genital, latency
D)genital, oral, phallic, anal, latency
Q4) Adler's view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and that perfection, not pleasure, is thus the key motivator in human life is known as
A)individual psychology.
B)humanistic theory.
C)trait theory.
D)social cognitive theory.
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Chapter 11: Social Psychology
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ralph just started taking guitar lessons last week.Jimmie has been playing guitar for almost 20 years.According to the concept of social facilitation, performing in front of an audience of strangers and friends tonight is likely to _____ Ralph's performance and _____ Jimmie's performance.
A)decrease/decrease
B)increase/enhance
C)decrease/enhance
D)increase/decrease
Q2) Katie, who is moderately liberal, attends a very liberal college.After four years at this college, Katie is likely to become more liberal as a result of
A)the fundamental attribution error.
B)cognitive dissonance.
C)group polarization.
D)social loafing.
Q3) _____ theory is Daryl Bem's take on how behaviors influence attitudes.
A)Self-perception
B)Social identity
C)Self-serving
D)Social comparison
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders
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132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) John has sudden attacks of intense fear in which he experiences palpitations, he feels dizzy, and he has trouble catching his breath.During these attacks, he worries that he is going to die.From this description, it sounds like John has A)schizophrenia.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)panic disorder.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.
Q2) Thirty-year-old Armand feels compelled to save objects that others might throw away.He is afraid that he will discard something he will need later, so his home is filled with old junk.Armand's neighbors have complained about this and he feels embarrassed.Which criteria that define abnormality is applicable in this case?
A)Armand's behavior deviates from what is acceptable in a culture and is distressing for him.
B)Armand's behavior has drawn the attention of other people.
C)Armand's behavior suggests that he is schizophrenic.
D)Saving junk suggests that Armand is paranoid.
Q3) Explain the distinction between dissociative amnesia and dissociative identity disorder.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Therapies
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Antipsychotic drugs are used to treat
A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)major depressive disorder.
C)schizophrenia.
D)panic disorder.
Q2) Adrian is a cognitive therapist.He intends to help his client Troy, who feels that he is a born loser and will continue to be a loser in the future.According to this information, which of the following cognitive therapy techniques should be implemented by Adrian?
A)questioning the evidence
B)examining options and alternatives
C)examining advantages and disadvantages
D)guided association
Q3) The goal of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is
A)to help people eliminate illogical thinking.
B)to help clients identify their own genuine feelings.
C)to reduce norepinephrine and serotonin levels.
D)to set off a seizure in the brain.
Q4) Describe the use of neuroleptics in treating psychological disorders.
Q5) Describe the role of lithium in treating bipolar disorder.
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Chapter 14: Health Psychology
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Lazarus, in _____ individuals evaluate their resources and determine how effectively they can be marshaled to cope with the event.
A)initial assessment
B)initial intake
C)primary appraisal
D)secondary appraisal
Q2) Which of the following statements about optimism is FALSE?
A)Optimism is associated with how an individual explains the causes of life events.
B)Optimists expect that good things are more likely and that bad things are less likely to occur in the future.
C)Optimism is something that you are born with, and it cannot be learned or cultivated.
D)Optimists generally are physically and mentally healthier than pessimists.
Q3) Cancer patients show _____ activity in the blood.
A)diminished B lymphocytes
B)increased cardiomyocyte
C)diminished natural killer cell (NK-cell)
D)increased red blood cells (RBCs)
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