Basic Psychology
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Basic Psychology offers an introduction to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. This course covers foundational topics such as perception, learning, memory, motivation, emotion, development, personality, and psychological disorders. Students will explore major theories and methods within psychology, gain insight into how psychological research is conducted, and learn how psychological principles apply to everyday life. By the end of the course, students will have a broad understanding of the core concepts and approaches that define the discipline of psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology Themes and Variations 9th Edition by Wayne Weiten
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5057 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The civil rights movement and the women's movement raised concerns about whether basic psychological principles could be applied to groups other than white males.Consequently,psychologists began to select samples of subjects that were more diverse for research studies.This change in practice illustrates the idea that
A) behavior is determined by multiple causes.
B) motives and expectations can color our experiences.
C) science evolves in a sociohistorical context.
D) theoretical diversity is an important component in science.
Answer: C
Q2) Dr.Asgaard believes that in order to fully understand complex processes,such as auditory processing,it is first necessary to understand all the separate component parts.Dr.Asgaard's views are MOST consistent with those of A) William James.
B) Ivan Pavlov.
C) Carl Rogers.
D) Edward Titchener.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: The Research Enterprise in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the mode of the following data? 2,3,3,3,5,5,7,12
A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
Answer: A
Q2) One is most likely to encounter problems with the social desirability bias when using A) self-reports.
B) case studies.
C) naturalistic observations.
D) the experimental method.
Answer: A
Q3) A summary of research literature in psychology can be obtained by looking in A) Psychological Review.
B) PsychINFO.
C) Psychology Today.
D) the American Psychological Association home page.
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Biological Bases of Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) When you are walking,the brain sends messages to the skeletal muscles in the legs by way of
A) efferent fibers.
B) sensory fibers.
C) afferent fibers.
D) central fibers.
Answer: A
Q2) Peggy smells a very strong odor; Harry smells an odor that is barely detectable.Based on what is known about neural transmission you could predict that the action potentials will
A) travel more quickly in Peggy's system because the stimulus is more intense.
B) be weaker in Harry's system because the stimulus is less intense.
C) travel a shorter distance in Peggy's system because the stimulus is more intense. D) be the same in both individuals due to the all-or-none principle.
Answer: D
Q3) Imagine taking a bite of a pizza.Briefly discuss the role that each part of the brain takes in this simple act.
Answer: 11ea5e07_4417_970a_93f8_5be6d38cb35e_TB6263_00
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Given our present knowledge concerning pitch perception,which theory seems more accurate?
A) frequency theory
B) place theory
C) neither the frequency nor place theory are plausible
D) both the frequency and place theory are partly correct
Q2) Imagine that the basilar membrane in the human ear were longer.Based on place theory,you might expect that humans would be able to
A) hear a wider range of sounds, especially high frequency sounds.
B) hear a wider range of sounds, especially low frequency sounds.
C) detect sound waves that had a lower amplitude.
D) localize sounds more accurately.
Q3) Recent research suggests that sound perception is best explained by both the place theory,which argues that perception of pitch corresponds to the vibration of different places along the basilar membrane and the frequency theory,which argues that pitch perception corresponds to the frequency at which the entire basilar membrane vibrates.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Use an example from your everyday life to explain sensory adaptation.
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Chapter 5: Variations in Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense out of bursts of general firing from lower brain centers is the core of
A) the wish fulfillment theory of dreaming.
B) the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming.
C) the problem-solving theory of dreaming.
D) no current theory of dreaming.
Q2) "Manny got out of bed and began doing calisthenics during REM sleep,probably because he was dreaming about boot camp." What is WRONG with this statement?
A) Sleep is a relaxed condition of the body and, as such, precludes physical activity.
B) Research shows that no dreaming takes place in REM sleep.
C) Research shows that we are virtually paralyzed in REM sleep.
D) Manny was never in boot camp so he is not likely to be dreaming about it.
Q3) A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as
A) a hallucinogen.
B) a sedative.
C) a narcotic.
D) an amphetamine.
Q4) Pick two sleep disorders and briefly discuss the symptoms for each disorder.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ken has been conditioned to be afraid of snow.For a number of weeks during November and December snow is repeatedly presented with Santa Claus; now Ken is also fearful of Santa Claus.This example illustrates the classical conditioning process of A) stimulus generalization.
B) stimulus discrimination.
C) higher order conditioning.
D) spontaneous recovery.
Q2) Your teenaged daughter has not cleaned her room in a month.You go in and begin yelling at her to clean her room.She begins to clean up,and you stop yelling.Your daughter's cleaning behavior can be viewed as responding to A) classical conditioning.
B) positive reinforcement.
C) punishers.
D) negative reinforcement.
Q3) The key dependent variable measured in operant conditioning studies is A) the strength of the CR.
B) the strength of the UR.
C) the organism's reinforcement rate.
D) the organism's response rate.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Human Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Information is gradually converted into long-term memory codes through a hypothetical process known as ____________________.
Q2) The profound anterograde amnesia that H.M.experienced after undergoing surgery to control his epilepsy suggests that
A) the prefrontal lobes are the storage area for most long-term memories.
B) the hippocampal complex plays a key role in the consolidation of long-term memories.
C) the cortex houses exact recordings of past experiences and events.
D) long-term memories are processed and stored in the cerebellum.
Q3) The memory process of storage involves
A) recovering information from memory stores.
B) forming a memory code.
C) linking new information to other information.
D) maintaining information in memory over time.
Q4) Using the Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory,describe the capacity,the durability,and the typical form of information storage in each of the three human memory systems,and identify the processes that transfer information from one system to another.
Q5) Describe and explain the three basic processes of memory.
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Chapter 8: Language and Thought
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Sample Questions
Q1) Claudia wants to send a fragile vase to her parents for their anniversary but she can't find any appropriate packing material in her house.She decides to pop some popcorn and use that to pack around the vase.In this case,Claudia has A) demonstrated functional fixedness in solving her problem.
B) effectively utilized the availability heuristic in solving her problem.
C) overcome functional fixedness in solving her problem.
D) utilized an elimination-by-aspects strategy to solve her problem.
Q2) Which of the following statements is the BEST example of telegraphic speech?
A) I eated a cookie
B) Cookie
C) I wanted a cookie
D) Give cookie
Q3) If your psychology professor gives students two separate grades on their essay questions on exams,one for content or meaning and the other for grammar,the first grade can be said to refer to the ____ and the second grade to the ____ of the essays.
A) semantics; syntax
B) syntax; semantics
C) phonemes; morphemes
D) morphemes; phonemes
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Intelligence and Psychological Testing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which theorist set out to improve on the measurement of intelligence in adults with an intelligence test with two major innovations; the first was that the score was less dependent on a subject's verbal ability and the second was the use of a deviation intelligence quotient?
A) Sir Francis Galton
B) Lewis Terman
C) Theodore Simon
D) David Wechsler
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a type of validity?
A) criterion-related validity
B) category validity
C) construct validity
D) content validity
Q3) Which of the following statements regarding the creative process is MOST accurate?
A) Creativity generally emerges out of normal problem-solving efforts.
B) Most creative breakthroughs depend on unconscious thought processes.
C) Creativity cannot be learned; you either have it or you don't.
D) Creativity usually involves sudden flashes of insight and great leaps of imagination.
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The featured study by judging mate potential supports the ____________________ theory of sexual motivation.
Q2) Approximately what proportion of women surveyed on 32 college campuses (Koss,Gidycz,and Wisniewski,1987)reported having been victimized by date rape?
A) 2 in 3
B) 1 in 2
C) 1 in 7
D) 1 in 15
Q3) Parental investment theory suggests all of the following EXCEPT
A) human males are required to invest little in the production of offspring.
B) human males compete with other males for the "commodity" of reproductive opportunities.
C) human females can optimize their reproductive potential by mating with as many males as possible.
D) males and females may develop different mating strategies.
Q4) Women are more likely then men to be multi-orgasmic.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A hormone known as ___________ causes stomach contractions and promotes hunger.
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Chapter 11: Human Development Across the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT characteristic of adolescence?
A) identity versus confusion
B) formal operational stage of cognitive development
C) preconventional level of moral development
D) growth spurt
Q2) A diet rich in __________ can reduce the risk of many birth defects.
A) vitamin A
B) folic acid
C) omega 3 fatty acids
D) teratogens
Q3) The major qualification of the research findings on gender differences is that
A) the data are indicative of group differences and tell us little about individuals.
B) the findings are based on only a few studies and are therefore not very representative of the population.
C) most of the research has been conducted on white middle-class children.
D) there is wide variation from study to study in how the variables have been operationalized.
Q4) Briefly discuss the significance of secure attachment to later development
Q5) Summarize the impact of environmental factors on prenatal development.
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Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Five-year-old Samuel often tells his older sister: "I can't wait to grow up,so I can marry mommy." Samuel is most likely in the stage of personality development that Freud referred to as the
A) anal stage.
B) oral stage.
C) phallic stage.
D) latency stage.
Q2) Psychoanalytic theory attempts to explain personality by focusing on the influence of early childhood experiences on conscious motives and conflicts.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Isaiah just completed a personality scale designed to measure the three higher-order traits identified by Hans Eysenck.He scored low in the personality trait of psychoticism.This suggests Isaiah tends to be
A) quiet and non-assertive.
B) sensitive and caring.
C) anxious and moody.
D) warm and sociable.
Q4) Briefly describe the revisions of Freud's theory proposed by Jung and Adler.
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Chapter 13: Social Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute the crime and poverty of urban ethnic neighborhoods to the
A) personal qualities of the residents.
B) job discrimination experienced by the residents.
C) poor police protection in such areas.
D) crowded living conditions in these neighborhoods.
Q2) Which of the following is MOST likely to be a factor that contributes to group polarization?
A) social loafing
B) obedience
C) conformity
D) the bystander effect
Q3) In persuasion,the information transmitted is referred to as the A) medium.
B) argument.
C) message.
D) sales pitch.
Q4) Why do we tend to hold others accountable for their misbehavior and excuse ourselves for the same behavior?
Q5) Discuss the nature of groups and the bystander effect.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Stress,Coping,and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a component of the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions? Positive emotions
A) increase creativity and flexibility in problem solving
B) enhance the effectiveness of defense mechanisms
C) can undo the effects of negative emotions
D) promote rewarding social interactions
Q2) People who are high in ____________________ and anxiety,as well as those who are extremely attentive to their bodily sensations tend to report more symptoms of illness than others and as a result may be ____________________ likely to rush to a physician.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a stressful situation that involves conflict?
A) you can't decide whether to go to Florida or Mexico for spring break
B) you're stuck behind a slow-moving car on a one lane road
C) you have a term paper due the day after tomorrow and you haven't started it yet
D) you just took out a large car loan
Q4) What is stress,what impact do minor stressors have on our lives and how accurate are our appraisals of stress?
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Correlations have been found between mood disorders and abnormal levels of two neurotransmitters in the brain: ____________________ and serotonin.
Q2) Carol finds she is no longer interested in things she used to do,is sad most of the time,and thinks she is a terrible person.Additionally,she has recently lost a lot of weight and doesn't sleep very much.Carol's behavior would be diagnosed as A) an anxiety disorder.
B) a dissociative disorder.
C) a mood disorder.
D) a personality disorder.
Q3) Elise is so terrified of enclosed places that she had to quit her new job because her office had no windows.She knows that her fear is irrational,but she can't seem to control her anxiety.In this case,Elise's symptoms are most consistent with A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) a phobic disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) a conversion disorder.
Q4) Pick two of the anxiety disorders and briefly describe the symptoms associated with each.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) A severe side effect associated with ____ drugs is ____,which is a neurological disorder marked by involuntary writhing and tic-like movements.
A) antidepressant; Parkinson's disease
B) antidepressant; tardive dyskinesia
C) antipsychotic; Parkinson's disease
D) antipsychotic; tardive dyskinesia
Q2) Describe the various types of mental health professionals that provide therapy for abnormal behavior and discuss the types of credentialing required for each.
Q3) John suffers from chronic anxiety.He tends to worry constantly and is uncomfortable in a wide variety of situations.He decides to seek therapy.John put considerable thought into what he wants to gain from therapy.John believes that if he can learn to calm himself down when he finds himself in anxiety-producing situations (like taking a psychology exam)he will be better able to cope.Based on John's beliefs,he is most likely to seek a therapist that emphasizes the ____ approach.
A) behavior therapy
B) biomedical therapy
C) insight therapy
D) emotion therapy
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Chapter 17: Statistical Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Statistically significant results
A) usually support the research hypothesis.
B) typically support the null hypothesis.
C) indicate the observed findings are due to chance.
D) indicate that the researcher has not made any errors in the calculations.
Q2) Dr.Trane wants to create a line figure to present her data that would indicate the frequency of each score.Dr.Trane will be MOST likely to use a
A) scatterplot.
B) frequency distribution.
C) histogram.
D) frequency polygon.
Q3) Techniques to graphically represent the frequency of scores in a set of data include
A) histograms and frequency polygons.
B) frequency distributions and frequency polygons.
C) frequency distributions and scatter diagrams.
D) histograms and scatter diagrams.
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Chapter 18: Industrial organizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is one of the areas in which industrial/organizational psychologists would assist organizations?
A) designing better school curricula
B) performing psychotherapy
C) motivating employees
D) studying the learning process
Q2) Which of the following would not be representative of on-the-job training?
A) job rotation
B) a lecture on safety
C) mentoring
D) an apprenticeship
Q3) One area of content interest in industrial psychology is
A) organizational culture
B) redesigning machinery so it is easier on the body
C) work motivation
D) employee training
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Chapter 19: Psychology and Environmental Sustainability: Conservation Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The U.S.has one fourth of the population of _____________ but uses more than twice the oil.
A) India
B) Russia
C) China
D) Indonesia
Q2) By prominently placing aluminum recycling bins in areas where canned soft-drinks are consumed a business would be using ___________,which is part of the behavioral approach to environmentalism.
A) prompting
B) modeling
C) scheduling
D) reinforcing
Q3) Which of the following constitutes the biggest drain on the earth's carrying capacity?
A) overpopulation
B) petroleum consumption
C) overconsumption of consumer goods
D) logging of old-growth forests
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