Basic Nutrition
Test Bank
Course Introduction
Basic Nutrition introduces students to the fundamental principles of human nutrition, emphasizing the essential nutrients required for health, their functions, sources, and dietary recommendations. The course explores the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients; examines the relationships between nutrition, health, and disease; and provides an overview of nutrition through the life cycle. Students will develop the knowledge necessary to evaluate diets, read food labels, and make informed choices for maintaining overall well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Wardlaws Perspectives in Nutrition A Functional Approach 1st Edition by Carol Byrd Bredbenner
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18 Chapters
1617 Verified Questions
1617 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Science of Nutrition
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A poor diet is a risk factor for the major chronic diseases seen today.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The study of the distribution of disease in human populations is ________.
A)epidemiology
B)dermatology
C)statistics
D)biometry
Answer: A
Q3) Sugars, starches, and dietary fibers are examples of ________.
A)proteins
B)vitamins
C)carbohydrates
D)minerals
Answer: C
Q4) Overnutrition can lead to excess stores of nutrients.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Tools of a Healthy Diet
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51 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to MyPlate, a mini bagel would represent _____ ounce(s) from the grains group.
A)0.50
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4
Answer: B
Q2) Daily Reference Values are set for ________.
A)fat and cholesterol
B)sodium and potassium
C)carbohydrate and protein
D)All of these responses are correct
Answer: D
Q3) A balanced diet is one that ________.
A)includes foods from every food group in the recommended amounts
B)includes different foods from each food group
C)keeps portion sizes under control
D)incorporates dietary supplements
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: The Food Supply
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81 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A pesticide tolerance refers to the ________.
A)toxicity of the pesticide in the laboratory
B)number of pests that are killed by a selected dose of the pesticide
C)amount of a pesticide that can be applied to a food and how much of the pesticide that is permitted to remain on the food in the marketplace
D)ability of the liver to detoxify a pesticide
Answer: C
Q2) Fish most likely to contain methylmercury are ________.
A)large fish, such as shark and swordfish
B)shellfish
C)farm-raised fish
D)freshwater fish
Answer: A
Q3) Compared to conventionally grown fruits and vegetables, those grown with organic farming methods contain significantly higher amounts of vitamins and minerals.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Human Digestion and Absorption
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90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following dietary or nutritional factors may worsen gastroesophageal reflux disease?
A)Being overweight
B)Consuming a high-fat diet
C)Alcohol and caffeine consumption
D)Consumption of large meals
E)All of these responses are correct
Q2) Describe 2 measures that can help prevent deadly diarrhea in developing countries.
Q3) Much of the digestion that occurs in the large intestine is caused by ________.
A)lipase
B)pepsin
C)saliva
D)bacteria
Q4) Fiber and starches not digested in the small intestine may be fermented by bacteria in the large intestine to form ________.
A)short-chain fatty acids and flatus
B)long-chain fatty acids and bile
C)short- and long-chain fatty acids
D)simple sugars and flatus
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Chapter 5: Carbohydrates
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Sample Questions
Q1) The AI for fiber for women is ________.
A)15 g/day
B)25 g/day
C)38 g/day
D)45 g/day
Q2) Glycogen is made of glucose units linked by beta bonds.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Name 3 health benefits derived from increased dietary fiber intake.
Q4) During the inflammatory phase of diverticulitis, treatment includes antibiotics and a diet that is ________.
A)low in fiber
B)high in fiber
C)low in sugar
D)high in sugar
Q5) List 4 functions of carbohydrates.
Q6) Indigestible carbohydrates play a role in promoting bowel health and preventing obesity.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Lipids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most experts agree that dietary cholesterol intake should be limited to _______mg per day.
A)200
B)300
C)400
D)500
Q2) Lecithin and bile are examples of emulsifiers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Saturated fatty acids predominate in which of the following lipids?
A)canola oil
B)safflower oil
C)butter
D)olive oil
Q4) Eicosanoids are
A)responsible for fat transport in the bloodstream.
B)proteins that act like fat.
C)part of an omega-9 fatty acid.
D)substances that produce diverse hormone-like effects on the body.
Q5) What is the role of bile acids in the digestion of lipids?
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Chapter 7: Proteins
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Sample Questions
Q1) When over 10 amino acids are chemically linked by peptide bonds, the resulting product is known as ________.
A)a dipeptide
B)a tripeptide
C)an oligopeptide
D)a polypeptide
Q2) The major symptoms of kwashiorkor in children are ________.
A)edema and growth failure
B)nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
C)increased appetite and hyperactivity
D)overweight and an excess accumulation of fat
Q3) List 3 situations in which a North American college student might be at risk of PEM.
Q4) The RDA for protein for most healthy adults is ________.
A)0.5 g/kg of body weight
B)0.8 g/kg of body weight
C)1.2 g/kg of body weight
D)2.0 g/kg of body weight
Q5) Define and explain the importance of "protein turnover."
Q6) Explain the difference between essential and nonessential amino acids.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared with men, women produce more alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme in the stomach.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Excess consumption of some alcoholic beverages can lead to deficiencies of iron and zinc.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe the health consequences to the fetus of drinking alcohol during pregnancy.
Q4) Alcohol absorption occurs in the ________.
A)stomach
B)small intestine
C)esophagus
D)stomach and small intestine
Q5) The alcohol content of an 80-proof tequila is ________.
A)80%
B)40%
C)20%
D)100%
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Chapter 9: Energy Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) If oxygen is present, metabolism is considered to be ________.
A)active
B)anaerobic
C)aerobic
D)inactive
Q2) Gluconeogenesis is the process whereby the body ________.
A)converts glucose to its storage form
B)retrieves stored glucose from the liver
C)lowers the glucose level of the blood
D)produces glucose from amino acid and glycerol molecules
Q3) The electron transport chain takes place in the cytosol.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Why is the mitochondrion called the powerhouse of the cell?
Q5) When excessive amounts of alcohol are consumed, which system oxidizes the excess alcohol?
A)beta oxidizing system
B)mitochondrial oxidizing system
C)alcohol oxidizing system
D)microsomal ethanol oxidizing system
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Chapter 10: Energy Balance, Weight Control, and Eating Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hunger can be defined as ________.
A)starvation
B)a physiological drive to find and eat food
C)a sensation caused by distension of the stomach and small intestine
D)a psychological drive to eat
Q2) Before recommending treatment for obesity, the health professional should ________.
A)assess current health status
B)take a family history of obesity-related disease
C)determine fat distribution in the patient
D)All of these choices are accurate
Q3) Weight loss should be the focus of a healthy lifestyle.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A body mass index of 40 represents ________.
A)no health risk
B)possible health risk
C)a high risk for health problems
D)a value that is not on the nomogram
Q5) Why is quick weight loss usually a loss of fluid, protein, and glycogen?
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Chapter 11: Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports
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Sample Questions
Q1) Design a diet for an endurance athlete who wants to carbohydrate load.
Q2) Fluids should be consumed _________ an athletic event.
A)before
B)during
C)after
D)All of these choices are correct
Q3) In order for an individual to maintain an exercise regimen it helps if ________.
A)the exercise works only the lower legs
B)the exercise is built into a daily routine
C)you sweat profusely
D)you have a membership to a gym
Q4) What athletes can benefit from carbohydrate loading? Why?
Q5) The suggested macronutrient intake for endurance athletes should be _____ from carbohydrates, ______ from protein, and ______ from fat.
A)46%; 16%; 38%
B)50%; 25%; 25%
C)60%; 15%; 25%
D)40%; 30%; 30%
Q6) Before initiating a new fitness program, what are two important considerations for the beginner?
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Chapter 12: Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Vitamin and mineral supplements are closely regulated by the FDA.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Peeling and cutting apples just before eating, rather than too early, helps
A)preserve the alkalinity
B)increase the acidity reaction
C)minimize oxygen exposure
D)increase enzyme action
Q3) Excess amounts of most water-soluble vitamins are ________.
A)stored in the adipose tissue
B)readily excreted
C)stored in the liver
D)often toxic
Q4) Why are large doses of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxic effects than large intakes of water-soluble vitamins?
Q5) Identify potential benefits of adding minerals to food products.
Q6) List 3 differences between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins.
Q7) List 3 symptoms noted in persons with vitamin A deficiency.
Q8) How does the USP label on a nutrient supplement help the consumer?
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Chapter 13: Micronutrients in Energy and Amino Acid
Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Vitamin B-12 is absorbed in the ________.
A)stomach
B)duodenum
C)jejunum
D)ileum
Q2) Approximately 90% of dietary manganese is absorbed and then transported by transferrin to the liver.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Biochemical reactions that add CO<sub>2</sub> to compounds often require
A)folic acid
B)thiamin
C)biotin
D)vitamin B-12
Q4) Choline is required for the synthesis of ________.
A)glycogen and many proteins
B)phospholipids and lipoproteins
C)homocysteine and methionine
D)collagen and connective tissue
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Chapter 14: Fluid Balance and Blood Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe two of the physiologic processes that contribute to primary hypertension.
Q2) Beverages contribute only marginally to calorie intake in the U.S.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Dietary heme iron is obtained mainly from plant-based foods.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A major factor contributing to the decline in iron deficiency anemia among poor preschool children in the U.S.is ________.
A)better nutrition education of parents, so that foods children need are actually being served
B)the federal Food Stamp Program (now called SNAP)
C)the nationwide system of food pantries and soup kitchens
D)the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) that distributes iron-fortified formulas and cereals
Q5) List 2 transport proteins for iron.
Q6) Why are children at risk of iron toxicity?
Q7) Describe several actions an individual can take to prevent hypertension.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Bone Health and Body Defense Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the intestinal cells, ________.
A)vitamin A, as retinal, is converted to beta-carotene
B)carotenes are split by an intestinal enzyme to form vitamin A
C)excess vitamin A is carried to the kidney for excretion
D)All of these choices are correct
Q2) Fluoridated water typically contains about ________.
A)1.0 mg/8 ounces
B)0.2 mg/8 ounces
C)20 mg/8 ounces
D)0.5 mg/8 ounces
Q3) Why should individuals on anticoagulation medication avoid excess vitamin E?
Q4) List and briefly describe five risk factors leading to osteoporosis.
Q5) The nutrient that can be considered both a vitamin and a hormone is vitamin
Q6) Why is fluoride not always classified as an essential trace mineral?
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Q7) Why do some scientists suggest that the DRI and UL for vitamin D be increased?
Chapter 16: Nutritional Aspects of Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
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Sample Questions
Q1) A newborn's chances of survival are most influenced by ________.
A)the mother's prepregnancy weight
B)gestation length
C)the mother's weight gain during pregnancy
D)the infant's length at birth
Q2) To reduce heartburn symptoms, pregnant women should ________.
A)exercise right after meals
B)eat larger meals in the morning
C)limit caffeine and chocolate intake
D)All of these choices are correct
Q3) A small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant ________.
A)weighs less than 5.5 pounds
B)is likely to have nutritional complications
C)is likely to have medical complications
D)All of these choices are correct
Q4) A maternal practice that can be harmful to the fetus is ________.
A)a low-carbohydrate diet
B)fasting
C)smoking
D)All of these choices are accurate
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Chapter 17: Nutrition During the Growing Years
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Sample Questions
Q1) One-third of all growth in a lifetime occurs during adolescence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) It is best to avoid serving cow's milk until the infant reaches the age of ________.
A)6 months
B)10 months
C)12 months
D)18 months
Q3) The physical changes of adolescence can cause teens to be dissatisfied with their bodies.
A)True
B)False
Q4) To get a child to try a new food, ________.
A)offer food rewards, such as a favorite dessert
B)add sugar or butter to the food
C)employ the "one bite" rule
D)All of these choices are accurate
Q5) Why should leftover formula always be discarded?
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Chapter 18: Nutrition During the Adult Years
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Sample Questions
Q1) A rational approach for someone wanting to try complementary and alternative medicine is to ________.
A)take advice from a trusted friend
B)keep a record of symptoms and practices followed
C)try at least 2 complementary and alternative medical practices at once
D)All of these approaches are rational
Q2) An age-related change in the nervous system that can adversely affect nutritional status is ________.
A)decreased taste perception
B)hearing loss
C)vision loss
D)All of these changes can impact nutritional status
Q3) Which is NOT an example of energy medicine?
A)High-calorie diets
B)Pulsed fields
C)Magnetic fields
D)Electrical currents
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