Basic Medical Sciences
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Basic Medical Sciences is an introductory course that lays the foundation for understanding the human bodys structure and function, as well as the principles underlying health and disease. The course covers core disciplines such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, and pathology. Students will explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms that maintain normal bodily processes and learn how deviations from these processes can lead to disease. Emphasis is placed on integrating theoretical knowledge with clinical applications to prepare students for advanced study and practice in the medical and health sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Anatomy Physiology Disease Foundations for the Health Professions 1st Edition by Deborah Roiger
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17 Chapters
1477 Verified Questions
1477 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Basics
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What kind of term can be used to describe the position of the entire body or a body part?
A) Anatomical plane
B) Anatomical region
C) Anatomical cavity
D) Anatomical position
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following organs is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen?
A) Heart
B) Lungs
C) Left kidney
D) Liver
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following organs are housed in the mediastinum?
A) Kidneys
B) Lungs
C) Esophagus
D) Spleen
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Levels of Organization of the Human Body
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86 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are a level of organization in the human body except which one?
A) Organs
B) Cells
C) Atoms
D) Tissues
Answer: C
Q2) What is matter?
A) Anything that takes up space
B) Anything that has mass
C) Anything that takes up space and has mass
D) Everything is composed of matter.
Answer: C
Q3) All of the following are examples of the function of proteins except?
A) Transport
B) Strength
C) Fight foreign invaders
D) Store energy
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Introduction to Pathology
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77 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which category of childhood diseases is characterized by an event that disrupts the normal development of the child?
A) Infectious disease
B) Congenital disorder
C) Genetic disorder
D) Developmental disorder
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is not considered a predisposing factor of disease?
A) How old you are.
B) Whether you are male or female.
C) Your symptoms of disease.
D) Your genetic makeup.
Answer: C
Q3) When considering developmental disorders,when does the damage to the brain that causes the disability occur?
A) Prenatally
B) Perinatally
C) Postnatally
D) Damage to the brain can occur prenatally, perinatally or postnatally.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: The Integumentary System
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95 Verified Questions
95 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of burn is the most common?
A) First degree burn
B) Second degree burn
C) Third degree burn
D) Fourth degree burn
Q2) All of the following statements describe the dermis except which one?
A) The dermis has cutaneous glands, hair follicles, and nerve endings.
B) The dermis is the skin's most superficial layer.
C) The dermis is the skin's deepest layer.
D) The dermis is composed of loose/areolar connective tissue over dense irregular connective tissue.
Q3) All of the following are functions of lactic acid in sweat except which one?
A) Maintain a pH between 4 and 6.
B) Produce a scent that influences behavior.
C) Forms an acid mantle on the skin.
D) Reduces the number of pathogens on the skin.
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6
Chapter 5: The Skeletal System
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102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are sinuses lined with?
A) Muscle
B) Mucous membranes
C) Connective tissue
D) Cartilage
Q2) What part of the sternum can be broken during CPR?
A) Manubrium
B) Body
C) Xyphoid process
D) Hyoid
Q3) What is the relationship between bone deposition and bone reabsorption in people 45 and older?
A) Deposition = Reabsorption
B) Deposition < Reabsorption
C) Deposition > Reabsorption
D) There is no relationship between deposition and reabsorption.
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Chapter 6: The Muscular System
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105 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you pour soup from your hand by holding the bowl in your palm and turning it upside down,what muscle action are you performing?
A) Rotation
B) Circumduction
C) Supination
D) Pronation
Q2) What is an antagonist?
A) A muscle that holds an origin stable for another muscle
B) A Muscle that has the same action
C) The main muscle of the synergist to perform the action
D) A muscle that has the opposite action
Q3) What is the term for a muscle that holds an origin stable for another muscle?
A) Fixator
B) Synergist
C) Prime mover
D) Antagonist
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Chapter 7: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the function of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum?
A) Sense of smell
B) Motivation
C) Aggression
D) All of these are correct
Q2) During resting membrane potential,what is true about the neuron membrane?
A) The membrane is polarized.
B) The outside of the membrane is positive.
C) The inside of the membrane is negative.
D) All of the answer choices are true.
Q3) What is the function of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum?
A) Hearing
B) Smell
C) Vision
D) Touch
Q4) Which statement about the ganglion is true?
A) A ganglion is a group of cell bodies in the bipolar neurons.
B) A ganglion is found in the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves.
C) A ganglion is a group of dendrites that create a bulge in the spinal nerve.
D) A ganglion is associated with spinal nerves that carry efferent messages.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Nervous System-Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement about taste cells is false?
A) They are the bumps that cover the surface of the tongue.
B) They are epithelial cells with sensory neurons at their base.
C) They secrete a neurotransmitter to stimulate the sensory neuron at their base.
D) They have taste hairs on their surface.
Q2) What is the oval window?
A) The membrane at which the stapes contacts the vestibule
B) The fluid filled tubes that coils to form a snail like structure
C) The end of the cochlea
D) The fluid within the cochlea
Q3) Which term describes a persistent abnormal ear noise,commonly experienced in the elderly due to mild hearing loss?
A) Tinnitus
B) Otoliths
C) Presbyopia
D) Sensorineural hearing loss
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Chapter 9: The Endocrine System
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84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What disorder is characterized by an antibody made by white blood cell that mistakenly fits into the TSH receptor of the thyroid gland and acts like TSH?
A) Acromegaly
B) Grave's disease
C) Diabetes insipidis
D) Dwarfism
Q2) All of the following gonads are endocrine glands except which one?
A) Ovaries
B) Testes
C) Mammary
D) All of these gonads are endocrine glands.
Q3) What is the function of CRH?
A) To cause a release of GH
B) To cause a release of TSH
C) To cause a release of ACTH
D) To cause a release of LH
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Chapter 10: The Cardiovascular System-Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term describes the prompt constriction of a broken vessel?
A) Vascular spasm
B) Platelet plug formation
C) Coagulation
D) None of these answers are correct.
Q2) Which of the following leukocytes is the most abundant in circulating blood?
A) Neutrophils
B) Monocytes
C) Basophils
D) Lymphocytes
Q3) Which disorder is an inherited disorder characterized by the inability to make one or more clotting factors?
A) Polycythemia
B) Anemia
C) Hemophilia
D) Thrombocytopenia
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Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System - Heart and Vessels
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Sample Questions
Q1) An arteriole is an example of what type of artery?
A) Conducting
B) Distributing
C) Resistance
D) None of these are correct.
Q2) What term describes the difference between the cardiac output of a heart at rest and the maximum cardiac output the heart can achieve?
A) Cardiac output
B) Heart rate
C) Stroke volume
D) Cardiac reserve
Q3) Which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
A) Artery
B) Vein
C) Capillary
D) All of these vessels carry blood away from the heart.
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13
Chapter 12: The Lymphatic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The lymphatic system is closely connected to what other system?
A) Nervous
B) Endocrine
C) Cardiovascular
D) Muscular
Q2) All of the following are functions of inflammation except which one?
A) Trap microbes.
B) Remove debris and damaged tissue.
C) Limit the spread of pathogens.
D) Initiate tissue repair.
Q3) Which cell type stands guard to alert the body of pathogens entering through the skin?
A) Natural killer cells
B) T <sub>Helper</sub> cells
C) B <sub>Plasma</sub> cells
D) Dendritic cells
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Chapter 13: The Respiratory System
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which diagnostic exam determines whether a person has developed an immune response to the bacterium that causes tuberculosis?
A) Peak flow meter
B) Mantoux test
C) Arterial blood gas
D) Pulse oximetry
Q2) Which statement correctly describes what happens during expiration?
A) The external intercostal, pectoralis minor, and sternocleidomastoid muscles contract to expand the rib cage and the diaphragm contracts to flatten its dome shape.
B) The external intercostal, pectoralis minor, and sternocleidomastoid muscles relax to expand the rib cage and the diaphragm relaxes to return to its dome shape.
C) The external intercostal, pectoralis minor, and sternocleidomastoid muscles contract to expand the rib cage and the diaphragm relaxes to return to its dome shape.
D) The external intercostal and sternocleidomastoid muscles relax to expand the rib cage and the diaphragm relaxes to return to its dome shape.
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Chapter 14: The Digestive System
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90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which digestive parasite attaches to the intestinal wall by suckers and feed off the partially-digested materials passing by?
A) Pinworms
B) Giardia
C) Tapeworm
D) Round worm
Q2) Which disorder is characterized by inflammation of the gall bladder?
A) Cholecystitis
B) Cirrhosis
C) Intussusception
D) Cholelithiasis
Q3) Which cells produce hydrochloric acid?
A) Mucous cells
B) Endocrine cells
C) Parietal cells
D) Chief cells
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Chapter 15: The Excretoryurinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) All structures entering or leaving the kidney do so at what structure?
A) Renal pelvis
B) Renal cortex
C) Renal medulla
D) Renal hilum
Q2) Which of the following combining forms refers to a structure within the kidney?
A) ren/o
B) nephr/o
C) cyst/o
D) glomerul/o
Q3) What are waste products produced by cells?
A) Metabolic waste
B) Feces
C) Colon
D) Urine
Q4) What structure compresses the urethra so that urine remains in the bladder?
A) Trigone
B) Internal urethral sphincter
C) Detrusor muscle
D) None of these are correct.
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Chapter 16: The Male Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which part of the sperm cell has mitochondria?
A) Head
B) Tail
C) Midpiece
D) None of these are correct.
Q2) Which statement about the physiology of the male reproductive system is false?
A) The SRY gene results in the formation of androgen receptors in the fetus.
B) Developing gonads in the fetus produce large amounts of testosterone to fit into these receptors so that the male anatomy continues to develop.
C) Testosterone production ceases a few months after birth and remains dormant until puberty.
D) Puberty ends with the first ejaculation of viable sperm at around age 10.
Q3) What structure stores mature sperm?
A) Efferent ductules
B) Epididymis
C) Ductus deferens
D) Ejaculatory duct
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Chapter 17: The Female Reproductive System
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which hormone causes the breasts to double in size,encourages the external genitalia and uterus to grow,causes the uterus to be more irritable,and causes the pubic symphysis to become more elastic?
A) Human chorionic somatomammotropin
B) Progesterone
C) Estrogen
D) Human chorionic gonadotropin
Q2) Which of the following is a fragile membrane that covers the external vaginal opening?
A) Infundibulum
B) Hymen
C) Fimbriae
D) Rugae
Q3) Which term refers to the thinning of the cervix during the birth process?
A) Dilation
B) Effacement
C) Episiotomy
D) Crowning
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