Basic Criminal Justice
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Basic Criminal Justice introduces students to the fundamental concepts and components of the criminal justice system, including law enforcement, courts, and corrections. The course explores the historical development of justice in society, examines the roles and responsibilities of key professionals, and discusses the procedures involved in the justice process from investigation to adjudication and corrections. Through analysis of laws, ethics, and contemporary issues, students will gain a foundational understanding of how the system responds to crime and the challenges faced in promoting justice and public safety.
Recommended Textbook
CJ2 2nd Edition by Larry K. Gaines
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17 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Criminal Justice Today
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Q1) __________ means that government powers are shared by the national Government and states.
A) Democracy
B) Constitutionalism
C) Federalism
D) Localism
Answer: C
Q2) __________ is a threat or an attempt to do violence to another person that causes that person to fear immediate physical harm.
Answer: Assault
Q3) Which of the following is NOT one of the purposes of the criminal justice System?
A) to control crime
B) to prevent crime
C) to provide and maintain justice
D) to create laws regarding punishments for crime
Answer: D
Q4) __________ is the act of taking property from another person through force, threat of force, or intimidation.
Answer: Robbery
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Chapter 2: Causes of Crime
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Q1) Who is known as the "father of criminology?"
A) Cesare Lombroso
B) Jeremy Bentham
C) James Q. Wilson
D) Cesare Beccaria
Answer: A
Q2) A __________ is a possible explanation for an observed occurrence that can be tested by further investigation.
Answer: hypothesis
Q3) According to the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, most drug users fall in which age category?
A) 12-17
B) 18-25
C) 26-29
D) 30 and older
Answer: B
Q4) __________ are chemical substances that control certain cellular and bodily functionssuch as growth and reproduction.
Answer: Hormones
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Chapter 3: Defining and Measuring Crime
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Q1) The __________ is a person or institution that initiates a lawsuit in civil court proceedings by filing a complaint.
Answer: plaintiff
Q2) A felony is usually punishable by a fine and/or jail term of less than a year.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Explain the four degrees of felonies found in the Model Penal Code?
A)capital offenses, for which the maximum penalty is death
B)first degree felonies, punishable by a maximum penalty of life imprisonment
C)second degree felonies, punishable by a maximum of ten years' imprisonment
D)third degree felonies, punishable by a maximum of five years' imprisonment
Answer: A
Q4) The __________ party in a court case proceeding is called the plaintiff.
Answer: injured
Q5) In some jurisdictions, the terms infraction and petty offense are used interchangeably.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
5
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Chapter 4: Inside Criminal Law
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Q1) What would the defense be for a woman, thinking that her divorce in another state has been finalized when it has not, marries for a second time, thereby committing bigamy?
A) infancy
B) insanity
C) mistake
D) entrapment
Q2) A body of circumstances that are fair and requires the defining of the elements of the crime is called:
A) mens rea
B) actus rea
C) corpus delicti
D) negligence
Q3) A defendant is said to have __________ committed a criminal act when he or she desires to engage in certain criminal conduct or to cause a certain criminal result.
A) accidentally
B) purposely
C) intelligently
D) negligently
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Law Enforcement Today
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Q1) Which of the following is the responsibility of the ATF?
A) Enforcing domestic drug laws and regulations and assisting other federal and foreign agencies in combating illegal drug manufacture and trade on an international level.
B) Monitoring the illegal sale, possession, and use of firearms and the control of untaxed tobacco and liquor products.
C) Providing security at federal courts, and controlling property that has been ordered seized by federal courts.
D) Investigating and to enforcing our country's immigration and customs laws.
Q2) The majority of sheriff's in the United States are elected.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the public's mind, the primary responsibility of the police is which of the following?
A) to enforce laws
B) to provide services
C) to prevent crime
D) to preserve the peace
Q4) Explain the role of at least three federal law enforcement agencies in the U.S.
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Chapter 6: Challenges to Effective Policing
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Q1) When a police officer accepts money or other forms of payment in exchange for "favors"
It is known as:
A) use of force
B) bribery
C) discretion
D) information gathering
Q2) The Tennessee v. Garner case addressed which of the following use of force issues?
A) unlawful holding during search and seizure
B) fleeing felon rule
C) probable cause
D) reasonable suspicion
Q3) __________ is evidence such as a fingerprint, blood, or hair found in small amounts at a crime scene.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT considered to be forensic evidence?
A) fingerprints
B) ballistics
C) DNA
D) motive
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Chapter 7: Police and the Constitution: The Rules of Law Enforcement
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Q1) __________ are situations that require extralegal or exceptional actions by the police.
Q2) In order to arrest a person an officer must have which of the following?
A) probable cause
B) reasonable suspicion
C) preponderance of the evidence
D) beyond a reasonable doubt
Q3) __________ is the practice of targeting people for police action based solely on their race, ethnicity, or national origin.
Q4) A frisk may be conducted to search for which of the following when someone is simply being stopped and not arrested?
A) drugs
B) weapons
C) alcohol
D) evidence
Q5) Explain the four different categories of items that may be seized under a search warrant.
Q6) An arrest made without first seeking a warrant for the action is known as a
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Chapter 8: Courts and the Quest for Justice
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Q1) A(n) __________ is a statement by a judge, expressing the reasons for the court's Decision in a case.
A) jurisdiction
B) dissent
C) opinion
D) docket
Q2) A request from a higher court asking a lower court for the record of a case is called a ?__________.
Q3) The __________ function of the courts is to protect individuals from the unfair advantages that the government-with its immense resources- automatically enjoys in legal battles.
Q4) Which of the following is one of the limitations of the jurisdiction of a court?
A) courtroom workgroup
B) subject matter
C) courtroom workspace
D) funding for public defenders
Q5) The __________ function of courts see criminals as analogous to patients, and the courts perform the role of physicians who dispense "treatment."
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Chapter 9: Pretrial Procedures: The Adversary System in Action
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Q1) Preventive detention is the retention of an accused person in custody as a punishment for dangerous individuals.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Statistics show that the conviction rates of defendants with private counsel and those represented by publicly funded attorneys are:
A) generally the same
B) different in that those who have private attorneys are more likely to be convicted
C) different in that those who have public defenders are more likely to be convicted
D) are immeasurable because statistics regarding who has private or public defense are not kept
Q3) Many defendants plea bargain because it removes the risk that they may go to trial and face a less severe conviction.
A)True
B)False
Q4) List and briefly explain the different forms of plea bargaining agreements.
Q5) Explain the factors that affect case attrition.
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Chapter 10: The Criminal Trial
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Q1) An appeal is the process of seeking a higher court's review of a lower court's decision for the purpose of correcting or changing the lower court's judgment.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an acceptable reason for a preemptory challenge?
A) a person has long hair
B) a person drives an SUV
C) a person is black
D) a person a student
Q3) A(n) __________ is a trial conducted without a jury, in which a judge makes the determination of the defendant's guilt or innocence.
Q4) Direct evidence is evidence that establishes the existence of a fact that is in question without relying on inference.
A)True
B)False
Q5) __________ is an order that requires correctional officials to bring an inmate before a court or a judge and explain why he or she is being held in prison.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Punishment and Sentencing
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Q1) Sentencing discrimination is a situation in which the length of a sentence appears to be influenced by the defendant's race or another factor not directly related to the crime he or she committed.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Judicial sentencing authority has done which of the following in the last twenty years?
A) increased B) decreased C) stayed the same D) is unable to be measured
Q3) Mandatory sentencing guidelines are statutorily determined punishments that must be applied to those who are convicted of specific crimes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Any circumstances accompanying the commission of a crime that may justify a harsher sentence is called a(n) __________.
Q5) Explain what the presentence investigative report is and why it is important.
Q6) Explain the concept of "good time" and truth in sentencing.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Probation and Community Corrections
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Q1) A boot camp is a community-based corrections center to which offenders report on a daily basis for purposes of treatment, education, and rehabilitation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The criticism that intermediate sanctions designed to divert offenders from prison actually increase the number of citizens who are under the control of the corrections system is called _______________.
Q3) Indeterminate sentencing guidelines are theoretically the same as community-based corrections.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A criminal sanction in which a convict is allowed to remain in the community rather than be imprisoned as long as she or he follows certain conditions set by the court is called:
A) incarceration
B) immediate sanctions
C) detention
D) probation
Q5) Explain alternative sentencing arrangements.
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Chapter 13: Prisons and Jails
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Q1) The __________ design has been utilized since the early nineteenth century. The wagon wheel form of the structure was created with the dual goals of separation and control.
Q2) A correctional institution designed and organized to control and discipline for the most dangerous felons in the U.S. is called a(n) __________.
Q3) A minimum-security prison would NOT be likely to house which of the following types of offenders?
A) white-collar criminals
B) rapists
C) first-time offenders
D) non-violent offenders
Q4) Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why children of convicts are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior?
A) deterioration of the family structure
B) lack of supervision
C) financial struggles
D) increased support from the state
Q5) Explain what the concept of the "burden of jail administration" means.
Q6) Explain some of the consequences of our high rates of incarceration.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Behind Bars: The Life of an Inmate
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Q1) Compare and contrast the differences between probation, parole, mandatory release, pardon, and furlough.
Q2) The socialization process through which a new inmate learns the accepted norms and values of the prison population is called __________.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a role of the parole board?
A) to decide which offenders should be placed on parole
B) to determine the conditions of parole and aid in the continuing supervision of the parolee
C) to discharge the offender when the conditions of parole have been met
D) to personally track down parole violators when violations occur
Q4) Prizonization is defined as the _________ process through which a new inmate learns the accepted norms and values of the prison population.
A) socialization
B) institutionalization
C) correctionalization.
D) penalization
Q5) A furlough is a temporary release from a prison.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: The Juvenile Justice System
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Q1) The child-savers believed which of the following?
A) that the state should not be involved with juveniles who are neglected
B) that the concept of parens patriae was invalid
C) that children needed treatment rather than punishment
D) that all delinquent children should be incarcerated
Q2) The first juvenile court was created in the state of __________.
Q3) In the 1899 Illinois juvenile court the child being prosecuted was called a:
A) defendant
B) offender
C) respondent
D) plaintiff
Q4) Explain the development of the concept of parens patriae.
Q5) When a child is denied certain necessities such as shelter, food, care, and love this is called __________.
Q6) Nearly all young offenders entering juvenile detention self-report drug use at some point in their lives.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Explain the difference between an adjudicatory hearing and a disposition hearing.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Homeland Security
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Q1) In order to search a suspected terrorist's apartment and examine the contents of his or her computer, federal law enforcement does not need a court order based on probable cause that a crime has taken place or was about to take place.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Patriot Act enhances the power of the federal government to keep noncitizens under suspicion of having terrorist sympathies from entering the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The lead agency in preparing for and responding to disasters as well as our nation's Infrastructure in the face of those disasters is:
A) CIA
B) FBI
C) FEMA
D) DEA
Q4) Identify and explain three important trends in international terrorism.
Q5) In a military tribunal only __________ of the panel members need to agree for a conviction, in contrast to the unanimous jury required by criminal trials.
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Chapter 17: Cyber Crime and the Future of Criminal Justice
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Q1) A person who uses one computer to break into another is called a:
A) cyberbully
B) hacker
C) botnet
D) cyberstalking
Q2) In which of the following crimes do consumers order and pay for items that are never delivered?
A) online auction fraud
B) cybertheft
C) cyberhacking
D) online retail fraud
Q3) Explain the difference between cyberbullying and cyberstalking and what states are doing to counteract these issues.
Q4) Digital currency is the introduction of illegally gained funds into the legal financial system with the goal of covering up the funds' true origin.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A __________ is a person who uses one computer to break into another.
Q6) Explain two some of the trends for the future of criminal justice.
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